1、Week 10 Conclusion ZHENCONG LIUZHENCONG LIUContentsPurposeStructureProblemsStrategiesAssignmentsReferencesConclusionv The conclusion is a highly condensed summary of the paper.It is certainly not a simple list of the research results,but rather reasonable inferences and further upgrading drawn from
2、the research findings and analysis.Sentence patterns:v.v v The Summary type of conclusion Types of conclusion:The Evaluation type of conclusion v (丁西亚,2006:3336)The Recommendation typeIn conclusion,the result shows that To sum up,we have revealed thatFinally,a summary is given of.Types of Conclusion
3、sThesis-oriented Conclusions:A thesis-oriented Conclusion is one that“focuses mainly on the thesis itself,beginning with a restatement of purpose and summary of findings and claims”(Bunton 2005:214215).Field-oriented Conclusions:A field-oriented Conclusion“focuses mainly on the field and only mentio
4、ns the thesis and its findings or contributions in the context of the whole field”(Bunton 2005:215).Difference betw.Summaries and ConclusionsSummaries are a statement of what the student found out.Conclusions are a statement of the significance of what they found out.Features of Conclusions The Conc
5、lusions are what the Discussion chapter has been arguing for.The Conclusions may be a separate chapter or they may be combined with the Discussion chapter,labelled“Discussion and Conclusions”.The Conclusions reached in this chapter should be drawn from the Discussion chapter.There should be no furth
6、er discussion in the Conclusions chapter.The Conclusions should respond to the aims that were stated in the first chapter.(Evans and Gruba 2002)Typical Structure of Conclusionslintroductory restatement of aims,research questions;lconsolidation of present research(e.g.findings,limitations);lpractical
7、 applications/implications;lrecommendations for further research.Thompson(2005:317318)Typical Structure of ConclusionsYou may find the following four sections in the Conclusion section:Summary of findings/ConclusionImplicationsLimitationsFurther StudiesStructure of thesis-oriented ConclusionsTypical
8、 language features of ConclusionsHewings(1993)found that writers typically refer to the world,other research,and either the methodology or findings of the thesis or dissertation itself when they report,comment and speculate on their findings.Recommendation Recommendations often discuss the subject o
9、f further study,research programs,future prospects and directions.Differences:Conclusions are useful insights drawn from the study.Recommendations are further research projects based on the study.Sample ConclusionsLawrence,G.P.J(2000).Teacher Belief Systems-Towards computer-mediated language learnin
10、g:College ESL instruction.MA thesis,University of Toronto.Flanagan,S.R.(2016).Language Orientation and Student Success in Online Learning Environments:A Case Study.MA dissertation,Arizona State University.Hayes,K.M.(2010).A case study of Chinese university English as a foreign language(EFL)students
11、attitudes toward learning technologies.PhD dissertation(Ed.D.),Northern Illinois University.Assignment1.The Structure of Conclusions:Look at the Conclusions section of a thesis and/or dissertation written in your area of study and identify the organizational structure of this part of the text.Then m
12、ake a list of typical content that is covered in each of the sections that you identify.Assignment2.Individual Consultations:Review all of your graded quizzes,exercises,formal paper drafts and memos from the semester.Note down any patterns you notice and conclusions you can draw about your writing.I
13、n your individual consultations,be prepared to discuss your questions,problems,and goals for your final paper.References*Paltridge,B.,&Starfield,S.(2007).Thesis and Dissertation Writing in a Second Language:A handbook for supervisors.Oxford:Routledge.*Pyrczak,F.,&Bruce,R.R.(2005).A Basic Guide for S
14、tudents of the Social and Behavioral Sciences,5th edn.Glendale,CA:Pyrczak Publishing.*Lunenburg,F.C.,&Irby,B.J.(2008).Writing a successful thesis or dissertation:tips and strategies for students in the social and behavioral sciences.Thousand Oaks,California:Corwin Press,Inc.*Turabian,K.(1996).A manual for writers of research papers,theses,and dissertations,6th edition.Chicago and London:The University of Chicago Press,Chapter 10.*Wallace,S.(2015).How to write and submit an academic paper in 18 weeks.Beijing:Peking University Press.如何成为学术论文写作高手。北京：北大出版社。THANK YOU!
