1、Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe diarrhoea,dehydration,and even death.In the early 19th century,when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,millions of people died from the disease.A
2、s a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time,he rose to become a famous doctor,and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However,he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.be severe on/with 对严厉be severe with
3、oneself 严于律己die away(声音、风或光)逐渐消失die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息 die of 因而死die out 灭绝；消失by dying for/to do sth.渴望得到某物/做某事know knew knownonce and for all 最终地；彻底地与 once and for all 具有相同含义的短语还有 once for all。In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was t
4、hat bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.Consequently,when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two
5、 particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.infect vt.使感染；传染be infected with 感染上，传染上infectious adj.感染的，传染性的subscription n.捐助；订阅；签署；同意subscriber n.订阅人Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those
6、 who died had lived.There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given
7、free beer,and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had i
8、t delivered to her house every day.As a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks.multiple n.倍数 adj.数量
9、多的vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任搭配suspect.of.怀疑有罪suspect.to be/as 怀疑是（2）n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象n.轨道;(人踩出的)小道，小径;(人、动物或车辆留下的)足迹，踪迹;车辙;（火车站的）站台;跑道;（移动的）路径，路线，方向;一首乐曲，一首歌曲;音轨，声道;（幕帘的）滑轨，滑道;（推土机等的）履带;v.追踪;(尤指用特殊电子设备)跟踪;跟踪摄影;留下（脏）足迹;It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her h
10、ouse every day.have sth.done 结构so.that 引导结果状语从句It seemed that “看来”,that引导表语从句have sth done有三种意思，分别是：（1）请某人完成某事，如：I had that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。（2）（主语）完成了某事，如：we must have the work finished by Tuesday.（3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。如：I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.have sth doing在肯定句中
11、常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。He soon had them all laughing.他很快让他们都笑了起来。have+宾语+do sth.使做某事I had someone clean your room.我请人打扫了你的房间。The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and th
12、e different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.n.联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联搭配link.to.与连接；联系link.with.将和连接在一起Through Snows tirele
13、ss efforts,water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However,cholera is still a problem.Each year,millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the wo
14、rk of John Snow.Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason,Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology。【句式分析】本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases 是定语从句，修饰 the way。the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrea
15、se 是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。无生命的名词+see/find/witness.经历、发生、见证、目睹某事The city has seen great changes since 1990.这个城市自 1990 年以来发生了巨大的变化。【学法点拨】有些动词，如 see，find，witness 等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。Last year witnessed a severe shortage of food.去年食物严重缺乏。英汉互译这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。_(2)晚上他在寂静的大街上独自徘徊。_(3)The last
16、ten years have witnessed great changes in our city._(4)The street light found the girl crying._The old tree has seen the improvement of peoples life.The quiet street found him wandering alone in the evening.我们城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。女孩在路灯下哭泣。【句式分析】本句是主从复合句。scientists study diseases 是定语从句，修饰 the way。the way
17、 后跟定语从句Is this the way（in which/that）you protect the endangered species?这是你们保护濒危物种的方式吗？【学法点拨】在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way 作先行词时有以下三种情况：（1）关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用 in which，that 或省略。During those times，music can help you in the same way（that/in which）it helped me.在那些时间里，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。（2）关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用 that 或 which。
18、He found a way which/that led to success.他找到了一条通向成功的路。（3）关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用 that，which 或省略。The way（that/which）he told me sounds ridiculous，but I will give it a try.他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑，但我要试一试。单句语法填空(1)What surprised me was not what he said but the way _he said it.(2)No one will support the way _he mentioned at the meeting.(3)Is this the way _was against by many people?完成句子(4)The Smiths are praised for _（他们抚养孩子的方式）.(5)I dont know _（汤姆是怎样从这样的大火中幸存下来的）.(in which/that)(that/which)which/thatthe way they bring up their childrenthe way Tom survived such a big fire
