1、Science and ScientistsUnit 1目录目录1.W o r d s a n d E x p r e s s i o n s2.R e a d i n g a n d T h i n k i n g3.D i s c o v e r U s e f u l S t r u c t u r e s4.U s i n g L a n g u a g e01Words and Expressions1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的severely adv.很严重地；极为恶劣地练习：1.In a _(severe)winter,wild animals can
2、 die from lack of food.2.If they were to act like that again,we should criticize them _(severe).severelysevere2.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustrating adj.令人沮丧的frustrate vt.挫败；使沮丧；阻挠frustration n.沮丧；懊恼练习：1.He was disabled from birth,but he never felt _(frustrate).2.It can be very _(frustrate)to find
3、that the size you want isnt there.frustratingfrustratedbe frustrated at/with因/对灰心丧气3.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的contradict v.反驳；相矛盾contradiction n.反驳；矛盾练习：1.We are faced with two apparently _(contradict)statements.2.Your attitude is in _(contradict)to your character.contradictorycontradictionbe
4、 contradictory to与相矛盾infect vt.使感染；传染infectious adj.传染性的练习：1.I think youve got an _(infect),so you need to rest.2.You can only be _(infect)with this disease in a limited number of ways.4.infection n.感染；传染infectioninfectedinfected adj.受传染的be infected with感染上 get infected受感染5.subscribe vi.认购（股份);定期订购；
5、定期交纳（会费）subscriber n.订阅者subscription n.订阅subscribe to同意；赞同；定期订购（to为介词）练习：1.We _(subscribe)to all the main medical journals.2.Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual _(subscribe)in America,usually 8 to 10 a year.subscribesubscription6.proof n.证据；证明；检验 （同：evidence)There is(no)proof t
6、hat(没）有证据证明练习：1.It is _(prove)that he is right.2.There is now _(prove)that giant squid do exist.provedprove v.证明prove sth.to sb.向某人证明prove(to be)+n./adj.证明是It is proved that据证明proof7.suspect v.怀疑；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspicion n.怀疑suspicious adj.感觉可疑的练习：1.We are appealing to anyone who saw the_(suspect)t
7、o contact us.2.The police _(suspect)him of carrying drugs so they went through his bag,but found nothing.suspectsuspected8.handle n.把手；拉手；柄 v.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆/动物/工具等）练习：1.How do you _ the problem?=What do you _ the problem?deal with处理：deal with(与how连用）/do with（与what连用）/fix/tackledo with9.intervention n.介
8、入；出面；干涉intervene v.干预；干扰练习：1.Both sides committed themselves to settling the dispute peacefully and never performed an _(intervene).2.The problem lies in deciding when to _(intervene).interventionintervenearmed/military intervention武装/军事干涉10.link n.联系；纽带 vt.把连接起来；相关联link A with/to B 把A与B联系起来练习：1.Thi
9、s may be _(link)with what you said.linked与有关：be linked with/tobe related tobe associated withbe connected with have sth.to do with11.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的purely adv.仅仅；完全purify v.净化练习：1.What Im saying is _(pure)my own point of view.2.These shirts are 100%_(pure)cotton.3.The room are fitted with（配备；安装）
10、systems that _(pure)the air and water.purelypurepurifypurity n.纯净；纯洁12.substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的substance n.物质同：considerable adj.相当大的；相当可观的 numerous adj.众多的；许多的substantial sums of money大笔的钱13.thanks to幸亏；由于由于：owing todue tobecause ofas a result ofon account of练习：1.Thanks _ your help,I can speak
11、English fluently.2.We have to put the meeting off because _ you.toof14.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变transformation n.转变；改观；改革练习：1.Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back,as the car _(transform)America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.2.The health systems of ma
12、ny countries are undergoing considerable _(transform).transformedtransformationtransform A into B 把A变为B15.thinking n.思想；思维；见解think v.想；认为 thinkthought-thoughtthought n.想法；看法练习：1.I just made a joke without _(think).Please dont take it to heart.2.I _(think)it was ungrateful of her.thinkingthought16.fi
13、nding n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决findfoundfound v.发现 foundfoundedfounded 创建练习：1.The _(find)show a crucial need to invest in disaster prevention.常用复数且以-ing结尾的n.findings n.调查结果earnings n.薪水belongings n.所属物；财物surroundings n.环境（尤指人文）savings n.积蓄findings17.initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的initially adv.最初；起初；开始练习：1.She came
14、_(initial)to spend a few days,but in the end she stayed for a whole month.2.After the _(initial)cheers,the noise of the crowed began to die away as the band started playing.initiallyinitial同：original adj.起初的originally adv.起初18.solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n.固体liquid adj.液体的 n.液体19.castcastcast vt.投射；投掷；向投以
15、（视线/笑容等）n.演员阵容be cast down(by sth.)(因某事）沮丧，不愉快练习：1.Dont let yourself be cast _ by a small failure in the experiment.Try again.downcast/throw a shadow over/on给蒙上阴影20.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）pour into涌入练习：1.She listened attentively while I poured _ my problems.2.People _(pour)into the stadium yesterday.out
16、pour out倾倒;倾诉pour down（雨）倾盆而下poured21.concrete n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的反：abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n.摘要 v.提取练习：1.I need some _(concrete)advice.2.He described his idea _(abstract).3.She tried to abstract some useful advice _ the book.concreteconcrete evidence具体的证据an abstract concept一个抽象的概念abstract from从提取
17、abstractly adv.抽象地abstractlyfrom22.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解defence n.防御；保护；保卫defensive adj.防御的；保护的；保卫的练习：1.Students should be ready to explain and _(defend)their views.2.In time of war,lost of money will be spent on _(defend)equipment _(defend)a country from being attacked.3.Many soldiers died in_(defend)
18、of their country.defenddefensiveto defenddefence23.assistant n.助理；助手assist v.帮助 同：help/aid v.&n.帮助assistance n.帮助练习：1.It was the professor rather than his _(assist)that was to blame for what had happened in the lab.2.I love doing housework.I always _(assist)my parents in doing the dishes after meals
19、.3.With the _(assist)of social media apps,we can now get to know more people.assistantassistassistance24.leadership n.领导；领导地位；领导才能leader n.领袖；领导lead v.引领；带路lead to导致；通向（to为介词）练习：1.The party thrived under his _(lead).2.A poor diet will _(lead)to illness ultimately.3.The two _(lead)had worked out a pe
20、ace plan.leadershipleadleadersleading adj.领先的；主要的25.outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的stand out脱颖而出优秀的;卓越的;极好的：excellent/splendid/extraordinary/distinguished/brilliant/fabulous/remarkable/prominent26.gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪颖的be gifted/talented in在方面有天赋gift n.天赋；才能（=talent/genius)；礼物have a gift/talent for有
21、的天赋练习：1.She is not only _(gift)in music but also familiar with all kinds of musical instruments.2.You have a _(gift)for e down1.患病；染病2.(温度/价格等）下降；（雨/雪）落下；坍塌e down to流传下来练习：1.At first she thought she just came _ with the flu.2.Such a custom has come down _ the present moment.downto28.steady adj.稳定的；平
22、稳的；稳步的steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地练习：1.Chinas image is improving _(steady).2.He spoke in a _(steady)and even voice.steadilysteady29.besides prep.除之外（还）adv.而且；此外而且；此外：furthermoremoreoverwhats morein addition区别：beside prep.在旁边 There is a dog beside me.除之外：in addition toapart from30.brilliant ad.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的bri
23、lliantly adv.灿烂地；出色地brilliance n.才华；聪慧；光辉练习：1.How did those _(brilliant)scientists make great discoveries?2.Lily finished the work _(brilliant).3.She loved his _(brilliant)and his generous heart.brilliantbrilliantlybrilliance31.above all最重要的是；尤其是after all毕竟not/noat all一点也不in all/total总计；总共first of a
24、ll首先；第一all in all总的来说，总而言之=in a word32.fault n.弱点；过错 同：缺点：shortcoming/weakness/disadvantage/drawbackfaulty adj.有错误的；有缺陷的faultless adj.完美无缺的练习：1.I know Im late,but its not my _(fault),the car broke down.2.I cant find fault in your paper.It is _(fault).3.The money will be used to repair _(fault)equipm
25、ent.faultfaultlessfaultyfind fault with挑剔33.shift n.改变；转换；轮班 v.转移；挪动；转向shift fromto把从移到/搬到练习：1.Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping _ food and scenery.toa shift in sth.某方面的转变转向：shift to/switch to/turn to34.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 同：lively adj.生动的vividly adv.生动地；清楚地练习：1.He gave
26、 a _(vivid)account of his life as a fighter pilot.2.The battle was _(vivid)recorded in the article.vividvividly练习：1.adj.令人沮丧的_2.v.净化_3.adv.生动地_4.n.转变；改观；改革_5.v.干预；干扰_6.n.防御；保护；保卫_7.adj.有天赋的；天资聪颖的_8.adv.灿烂地；出色地_9.adj.完美无缺的_10.v.带领；带路_frustratingpurifyvividlytransformationintervenedefencegiftedbrillia
27、ntlyfaultlesslead02Reading and ThinkingTo raise new questions,new possibilities,to regard old problems from a new angle,requires creative imagination and marks read advance in science.-Albert Einstein&Leopold Infeld提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。-阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦1.与有关2.去过3.质疑精神4.得出结论霍乱
28、的故事_哔哩哔哩_bilibiliPara.1 约翰.斯诺战胜“霍乱王”1.过去是2.v.克服；战胜3.adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的4.n.爆发5.v.打击；侵袭6.死于（外因）7.adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的8.疑问词+to do9.及时；适时地10.v.上升；成为11.照顾；处理12.生孩子13.最终地；彻底地Para.21.总的来说=generally speaking2.adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的3.由造成4.n.感染；传染5.n.微生物；细菌；病菌6.同意；赞同；订阅7.n.证据；证明；检验8.adv.因此；所以9.v.调查10.如此以致于11.决心做某事Par
29、a.31.通过做某事2.adj.确切的；精确的3.adj.数量多的；多种多样的4.水泵5.n.一家人；家庭6.n.酒馆；酒吧7.v.怀疑；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人8.（对坏事）负有责任；应受责备9.而且；此外10.死于（内因）11.从离开12.似乎；看起来好像13.非常.以致于14.have sth.done使某事被做15.v.递送16.因为；由于17.能够做某事18.v.宣布；公布；宣称19.adv.因此；于是20.n.把手 v.处理；搬动；操纵21.以便；为了22.n.介入；出面；干涉23.从途径上终止Para.41.被感染/污染2.adv.此外；而且3.A和B之间的联系4.未被处理的废弃物
30、5.更有可能做某事6.adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的7.开水Para.51.不懈的努力2.v.见证3.大幅度的降低4.adv.幸运的是5.如何预防6.多亏；由于7.n.统计数字；统计资料；统计学8.v.改变；转变9.因为这个原因10.被认为是11.现代流行病学之父不规则动词1.overcome2.hit3.become4.know5.rise6.lose7.begin8.give9.stop10.sell11.drinkovercamehitbecameknewroselostbegangavestoppedsolddrankovercamehitbecomeknownrisenlostbegu
31、ngivenstoppedsolddrunk/drank1.What is the theme of the text?A.The cure for cholera.B.The causes of cholera.C.The most feared disease:cholera.D.How John Snow defeated“King Cholera”.2.These people who worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street had no deaths because _.A.they had a strong resistanceB.they
32、had drunk very little waterC.they lived here but were never checked D.they had been given beer for free and had not drunk the water from the pump3.Which is NOT true according to the last paragraph?A.Water companies still sell polluted water to the world.B.Cholera is still a problem but it can be pre
33、vented due to John Snow.C.John Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.D.John Snow is regarded as the father of modern epidemiology.1234567airfood or watermarked on a mapdiedwater pumphadnt drinking water form the pumpcholera germshandleDCBEAdid Snow think cholera was caused bydid Snow ha
34、ve the handle of the pump removedwas the cholera treat defeated重新；再重新；再removereplacereuse除去；非除去；非discoverdisabledisagree微小微小microscopemicrobiologymicrowave进入；成为进入；成为transformtransporttransplant起起作用作用contradictorysatisfactorycompulsory动作；状态动作；状态infectioninterventionsolution有有性质的性质的substantialbenefici
35、alfinancial学科；科目学科；科目epidemiologybiologysociologysubscribe toblame forsuspected oflinked toa household namehandlerawsubstantialstatisticsblameinfectionmultipletransformdecreasesubstantialproofsevere03Discover Useful Structures表语从句1.表语从句定义+判断表语从句2.名词性从句做题方法复习3.注意事项4.练习1.表语从句定义+判断表语从句1.表语从句：在句中充当表语的从句
36、。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。判断从句:1.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.2.It is Henry Adams,an American businessman,who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.3.I wonder,Mr.Adams,if youd mind us asking a few questions.4.I didnt know whether I
37、 could survive until morning.5.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.6.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句2.名词性从句做题方法复习名词性从句做题方法:1.判断从句类型是否属于名词性从句（主/宾/表/同位语从句）2.看从句是否缺成分3.翻译句子选定连接词(what:什么；什么样的；说的
38、话/做的事；的地方；的事物/东西连接词（不作成分）连接词（不作成分）that/whether/if(是否）是否）连接代词（主语连接代词（主语/宾语宾语/表语表语/定定语）语）what/which/who/whom/whose/-ever连接副词（状语）连接副词（状语）when/where/why/how/-ever3.注意事项1.其他连接词：because/as if/as though/as/like等连接词也可引导表语从句。e.g.He didnt have breakfast.That is because he got up late.2.Thats why+结果(那是的原因）；Tha
39、ts because+原因（那时因为)。e.g.I didnt phone her,and thats why she got angry with me.I didnt phone her,and thats because I got angry with her.3.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that,不用because.e.g.The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.3.注意事项4.虚拟语气：当主语是advice,su
40、ggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等表示命令/要求/请求/建议/决定等词时，其后的表语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气“should+do”，should可以省略。e.g.My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.5.其他系动词+表语从句一be:am;is;are;was;were;二似乎：seem;appear;三保持：keep;stay;remain;四变:go;grow;become;get;五感：look;taste;smell;sound;feel.e.g.It looks as if it
41、going to rain.It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.4.练习1.The question discussed at the meeting was _ it was worth trying.2.We think _ its necessary to talk with him again.3.Do you remember _ he came here?4.All this was over twenty years ago,but it is _ it were only yesterday.5
42、.Im wondering _ you are always late for class.6.I am not sure _ he is willing to help me.7.My parents are very kind to me and always let me do _ I think I should do.8.The trouble is _ I lost the key to my room.9.Im a bit sleepy.Thats _ I was up all night.10.You must do _ is best for you.whetherthatw
43、hen/how/whyas ifwhywhetherwhatthatbecausewhatever04Using LanguagePara.1 中国航天之父1.对影响很大2.航天科学3.被描述4.n.想法；思想5.adj.爱国的6.v.招待；服务；满足需求7.n.奉献8.adv.非常；极其9.adj.备受尊敬的Para.21.出生于2.铁道机械工程3.淞沪抗战4.（火灾/战争/疾病）爆发5.将转变为6.n.航空制造业；航空；飞行7.强大的空军8.vt.保卫；防守；辩解Para.31.读研究生2.在期间3.n.先驱4.美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术5.研究生助理6.加州理工学院7.开展/进行重要研究8
44、.火箭推进9.v.创建；建立10.喷气推进实验室11.美国宇航局12.adj.领先的；主要的；最重要的13.太空探索中心Para.41.在做某事之后2.克服困难3.返回；回到4.收到了英雄般的欢迎5.主管；掌管6.航天和导弹项目7.adj.不发达的8.n.学院；机构9.n.专业10.n.天赋；才能；人才；11.在这个领域12.adv.然而13.阻止某人做某事=stop/keep/prevent sb.from doing sth.14.接受挑战15.当被问到16.adj.坚决的；坚定的17.能够做某事Para.51.在某人的领导之下2.“东风”导弹3.紧接着4.第一代“长征”系列火箭5.v.发
45、动；发起；发射；上市6.第一颗人造卫星7.因为；由于8.追溯到9.获得的称号10.中国航天之父Para.61.adv.极其；非常2.adj.知识渊博的3.adv.尤其；特别4.前沿科学研究5.adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的6.adj.有创造力的7.对的浓厚兴趣8.对的深厚的鉴赏力9.n.灵感；启发Para.71.v.使悲伤2.v.尊敬；纪念Para.1 一个纯思维的世界1.adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪颖的2.n.物理学3.对熟悉4.n.轮椅5.患病；落下；流传6.v.导致；造成=lead to7.抽象思维Para.21.成名2.主语+be+adj.enough to do sth.3.研
46、究生4.剑桥大学5.总的来说=generally speaking6.宇宙起源7.稳恒态理论8.认为9.大爆炸理论10.在时间和空间上11.n.冠军；第一名；拥护者12.n.概念；观念13.指出14.犯错误15.一旦；一次；曾经16.被证明17.n.天文学家18.n.望远镜Para.31.n.天赋；天资；天才2.除之外；而且；此外3.adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的4.adj.粗心大意的；疏忽的5.愿意做某事6.害怕做某事7.梦想；梦到8.adv.此外；而且9.adj.坚决的；坚定的10.与作斗争11.最重要的是12.n.弱点；过错13.adj.奇怪的；怪异的14.的组合15.n.特点；特征16.make+sb.+n.17.最伟大的思想家Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets was based on his research.Astronomers used their telescopes to prove his work on the big bang theory.microscopebrilliantsolidcontradictorytheoryfindingsastronomergiftedwhatwhathowwhathowwhybecausethat/as ifThank You
