1、英语时态讲与练,课前梳理,动词的时态,动词的时态,1.一般现在时,一般现在时,（一）定义：表示经常习惯性的动作；人或事物的特征状态或者能力爱好等等；此外还可表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。 （二）标志词：通常与every day，always, usually, often，sometimes等时间状语连用。,动词变化： 动词第三人称单数(非你,非我,非复数)的变化原则：,注意：有一些动词的三单形式不规则, be-am is are have-has,句型变化,1.句中有be动词时的句型变换。 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,实义动词： 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_
2、 特殊疑问句_,一般现在时用法,1)表示经常性，习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。句子中常用often，usually，every day等时间状语。例如： He goes to school every day。（经常性动作） He is very happy.（现在的状态） The earth moves around the sun.真理 2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时态的形式表示将来。 If you come this afternoon，well have a meeting. When I graduate，Ill go to the
3、 countryside.,一般现在时用法,3)有时这个时态表示按计划，规定要发生的动作，（句中都带有时间状语）但限于少数动词如begin，come，leave，go，arrive, start，stop，return，open，close等。 The meeting begins at seven. The train starts at nine in the morning 4)表示状态和感觉的动词，如be，like，hatethink, remember, find，sound等常用一般现在时。 I like English very much. The story sounds ve
4、ry interesting.,课堂例题,改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,1. Now my father _ his bike to work every day instead of driving. A. ride B.
5、 rode C. rides D. will ride 2. Jenny! Do you know that one-third of the boys in our class_ the singer Zhang Shaohan? A.like B. likes C. Liking 3. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always her seat to someone in need. A.gives B. give C. gave D. giving,2. 一般过去时,定义：
6、一般过去时(simple past tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 时间状语。 Ago（two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), and so on.（填时间如：two days）ago,一般过去时,规则变化： 1、一般情况下，动词词尾加
7、 -ed ，如： work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed， stop -stopped 5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go went
8、 make made get got buy - bought come - came fly-flew,不规则变化： 1把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如： beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave， 2. 为o，变成过去式。如： drivedrove，riderode，writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如： drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed） 4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如： getgot，forgetforgot 5动词原形中的ee改为e，变
9、成过去式。如： feedfed，meetmet,句型变化： 1.句中有be动词时的句型变换。 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,实义动词： 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,一般过去时用法 1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 如：I got up at 6:00 this morning. We visited the factory last week. He was here just now. What did you do yesterday? 2) 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 如：When I was in the countrysi
10、de, I often swam in the river. He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.,3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。如： At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 4）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。如： He said he would wait until they came back. 5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think
11、, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。如： I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。如： I didnt know you were here. 没想到你在这里。,注意： 1. 表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。如： He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不”。如： Your phone number again? I d
12、idnt quite catch it. Its 2566666. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。是2566666。,课堂例题,1. Paul and I _ tennis yesterday. He did much better than I. A. play B. will play C. played D. are playing 2. .What did MrSmith do before he came to China? He in a car factory A.worked Bworks Cis working Dwill work 3.They _ her
13、to the party, so she was very happy. A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting 4. He went into his room, the light and began to work. A. has turned on B. turned off C. turned on D. has turned off,3. 一般将来时,一般将来时 1.定义：一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.标志词：tomorrow,next week/month/year. , in the
14、future.，soon.,句型变化： 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,【will与be going to 的分别】 be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别： 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seri
15、ously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.,【will与be going to 的分别】 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts come at you, Ill stay with you and help you.,【一
16、些表示将来时的特殊情况】 用现在进行时表示 表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如： 1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 2. Theyre leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。,【一些表示将来时的特殊情况】 用一般现在时表示 根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如： 1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 2. If it do
17、esnt rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。 用“be+动词不定式”或用“be about to +动词原形”的结构表示 1. He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。 2. Theyre about to leave. (=Theyre leaving.) 他们就要走了。,练习： 1. Chen Guangbiao says he _ all his money to charities when he dies. A. leaves B. left C. will
18、 leave D. would leave 2. Mom, when can I go out to play football? Finish your homework first, or I _let you go out. A.dont B. didnt C. wont D. havent 3. If it _ this Saturday, we _ for a picnic. A. wont rain; shall go B. doesnt rain; will go C. isnt rain; go D. doesnt rain; go 4. There _ a meeting t
19、omorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 5. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be,4. 现在进行时,现在进行时 1. 定义：此时此刻正在发生的动作。 2. 标志词：now, this week, at this moment 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look
20、, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。,现在分词的构成: 一般情况下，直接加 ing。 work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉 e加 ing。 take - taking make - making dance - dancing 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加 ing。 cut - cutting stop - stopping begin - beginning 以ie结尾的动词，应将ie改为y，再加 ing。 lie - lying tie - tying die - dying,句型变化
21、： 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,现在进行时用法: 1. 表示正在进行的动作 I am writing a letter. 我正在写一封信。 They are learning English. 他们正在学英语。 Is it raining now? 现在下雨吗？ 2. 表示最近一直在做的一件事（但说话时不一定在进行） I am reading Harry Potter these days. 最近我在读哈里波特。 Are you working hard this term? 这学期你学习用功吗？,3. 表示即将发生的动作 We are going to watch a
22、 movie tonight. 晚上我们将要去看电影。 John is coming here next week and will stay here until May. 4. 表示总是出现的事情（说话人可能对此有点烦） He is always borrowing money from me. 他老是找我借钱。 We are constantly eating food. 我们一直在吃东西。,有一些词语没有现在进行时态 A表示感觉的动词， 如see, hear等 B表示喜欢或者厌恶的动词， 如like , love, hate等 C表示希望的动词， 如want, would like等
23、D表示状态的词， 如be等 E表示归属的词， 如have等 F表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词， 如know, forget等,1）Jack is_ with Jim. They are good_. A:running;friend; B:running;friends; C:runing;friends D:run;friends 2）Look! Mary_ doing_ homework. A:is;ones B:is;her C:are;his D:are;her 3）The Greens_ supper now. A:is having B:are;having C:is havein
24、g D:are;haveing 4）The children are_ TV. A:watch B:seeing C:watching D:reading 5）Are the boys looking at the blackboard? Yes, they_. A:arent B:do C:dont D:are,5. 过去进行时,过去进行时,1. 定 义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生或进行的动作或状态。 2. 标志词：this morning, the whole morning, all day,from nine to ten last evening,句型变化： 肯定句：_ 否
25、定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,过去进行时用法,1、表示过去某一时刻或者过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then , at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等连用。 -What were you doing at ten yesterday? -I was watching TV at that time. He was reading when I came in. I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV . 2、过去进行时常与
26、always，constantly等表示频率的副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作。此时的过去进行时有一点的感情色彩。 Alice was always changing her mind.,【特殊用法，学法指导】 1、当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully while the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。 2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。 He
27、told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。 3、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。,1、It _ heavily when I left the cinema. A.rains B.will rain C.is raining D.was raining 2、-What were you doing this time yesterday? -I _ on the grass and drawing
28、 a picture A.sit B.sat C.am sitting D. was sitting 3、While I _ TV, the bell rang. A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching 4、Why didnt you answer my telephone yesterday? Sorry. I _ a bath. A. took B. take C. am taking D. was taking 5、While the alien _ a souvenir, the girl called the police
29、. A. was buying B. bought C. buys D. is buying,6. 现在完成时,现在完成时,1.定 义：现在完成时主要表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 谓语动词形式为助动词加动词的过去分词。 2. 标志词：already,yet, since+过去时间点(since+-ed/since+一般过去时)，for+时间段,次数，so far, over the years, in the past/last few(数字) years. in the past 2 years, since then (从那时起),过去分词 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词
30、的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y“ 变为 “i“ ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dro
31、pped-dropped,过去分词 不规则动词 AAA型 （原型 过去式 过去分词） burst burst burst AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 become became become ，run ran run ，come came come 特殊情况 read read read 注意：read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ ABB型 bring brought brought ，buy bought bought ABC型 begin began begun,句型变化： 肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,现在完成时
32、用法,（1）现在完成时的“已完成”用法 强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响：现在完成时的这种用法常用just,already,yet(用于否定句和疑问句）等作时间状语，谓语多用非延续性动词。 He has just gone out. 他刚刚出去。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 Have you heard the news yet? 你听到这个消息了吗？,现在完成时用法,强调到现在为止的生活经历：现在完成时的这种用法常用never,ever(用于否定句和疑问句），（only)once ,twice,three times等
33、作状语，可以用How many times 提问，谓语多用延续性动词。 1. I never been late for school. 我上学从未迟到过。 2. -Have you ever climbed that mountain? 你爬过那座山吗？ -Yes,several times. 是的，爬过几次。 3. -How many times have you ever been to England? 你曾经去过英国几次？ -Only once. 只去过一次。,现在完成时重难点,1. have gone to /have been to /have been in 的用法比较 hav
34、e gone to 表示“去而未归” , 而have been to 表示“去过已回”，have been in 在某地待了一段时间 It cant be John. He has gone to Italy. 那不可能是约翰，他去意大利了。 John knows the way well. He has been to the city before. 约翰很熟悉那里的路。他以前去过那个城市。 He has been in China for 10 years.,现在完成时重难点,2. 【持续性动词与非持续性动词的转化】 He has died. He has been dead for 1
35、0 years. 1.have代替buy My brother has bought this bike for almost four years.（错） My brother has had this bike for almost four years. （对） 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have borrowed the book for quite a few days.（错） I have kept the book for quite a few days.（对） 3、用be替代become How long has your sister become a
36、teacher?(错) How long has your sister been a teacher? （对）,用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lose 用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代start,
37、begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there 用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to,1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past
38、 two years. . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 2. -Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 3. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. . know . had known . have known . knew 4. Harry Po
39、tter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see,5. -These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 6. -_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ;
40、 done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 7. -How long have you _ here ? -About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived,7. 过去完成时,过去完成时,1. 定义：“过去的过去”,表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。 2.标志词：by the end of last month，before , after, by the time =when 等引导的时间状语从句中。,句型变化： 肯定句：_ 否定句：_
41、 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_,1. Millie_ some Chinese before she came to China. A. learned B. has learned C. learnt D. had learned 2. She_the first runner-up prize in a beauty contest before she_ an actress. A. have won, became B. had won, become C. had won, became D. has won, became 3He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 4. What _ Jane _ by the time he was seven? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 5. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt,8. 过去将来时,过
