1、Topic:代词Teacher:Wang KepingFrom:No.2 middle school 主讲教师：王克平主讲教师：王克平1.1.掌握代词的掌握代词的分类分类及及概念概念，英语中代词可以分为，英语中代词可以分为人人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词六类；词、不定代词六类；2.2.掌握掌握代词的代词的用法用法；3.3.理解代词在理解代词在句中的功能句中的功能，掌握代词，掌握代词作主语、表语、作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；的用法；4.4.能够辨析代词的能够辨析代
2、词的用法区别用法区别，并，并熟练运用熟练运用.代词就是指可以代词就是指可以代替名词的词代替名词的词 ,可分为以下八种可分为以下八种:1.1.人称代词人称代词(personal pronoun)personal pronoun)2.2.物主代词物主代词(possessive pronoun)(possessive pronoun)3.3.反身代词反身代词(reflexive pronoun)(reflexive pronoun)4.4.相互代词相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)(reciprocal pronoun)5.5.指示代词指示代词(demonstrative pronou
3、n)(demonstrative pronoun)6.6.疑问代词疑问代词(interrogative pronoun)(interrogative pronoun)7.7.关系代词关系代词(relative pronoun)(relative pronoun)8.8.不定代词不定代词(indefinite pronoun)(indefinite pronoun)人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称 我你他她它我们 你们 他们主格 Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格 meyouhimheritusyouthem人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等。例如：We found
4、 English easy to learn.They helped us to clean our school.Whos that?Its me.(1)在并列的主语中，I 一般放在最后。Lily,Lucy and I are good friends.莉莉，露西和我是好朋友。(2)she 可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月国家、船只、大地、月亮亮等。Whats wrong with the car?She wont start.（she=the car）这辆车出了什么故障？她发动不起来了。The moon is round tonight,isnt she?今晚的月亮很圆，是吧？（she=m
5、oon）(3)we可以表示包括自己在内的“人们”；you可以表示泛指的“任何人”。How do we learn out mother tongue?人们是如何学会母语的？当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为一般为you,he,she,I,you,he,she,I,而复数时为而复数时为we,we,you,theyyou,they.如男女并列时，应先男后女如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用承担责任时，单数时用，I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you，we,如：Tom
6、and I are good friends.(1)作为人称代词，作为人称代词，itit可以用来指可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人和未确定身份的人。Wheres my book?Have you seen itit?我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？The dog is in the garden,isnt itit?狗在花园里，是吧？The baby baby cried because itit is hungry.婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。(SomeoneSomeone is ringing.)Whos itit?Its me.(有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。(2)it
7、 2)it 可以指可以指上下文内容上下文内容 The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008.It makes the Chinese proud.2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。(3)it3)it表示时间、天气、距离等表示时间、天气、距离等。What time is it now?Its half past nine.现在几点了？九点半It is cold.天气冷。Its about ten kilometers from the park to the museum.公园到博物馆大约是十公里。(4)itit用作形式主语或
8、形式宾语用作形式主语或形式宾语 Its very important for us to learn English well.(实际主语是to learn English well)对我们来说，学好英语很重要。I found it hard to fly a kite.(实际主语是to fly a kite)我发现放风筝很难。物主代词包括（形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词）,有my,your,his/her/its,our,their,和（名词名词性物主代词性物主代词），包括mine,yours,his/hers,ours,theirs.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，相当于一个形容词可以用来
9、修饰名词；名词性物主代词在句中相当于一个名词，可作主语、表语、宾语）。例如：Water is very important to our life.Its a habit of theirs.I left my dictionary at home.May I use yours?反身代词包括：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself;ourselves,yourselves,themselves 以及oneself。例如：I really feel quite ashamed of myself for it.I hope youll enjoy your
10、self at the party.Help yourself to more soup,please.反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是self或selves。反身代词表示“某人自己”，与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。(1)反身代词用作同位语，表示强调反身代词用作同位语，表示强调 Youll have to do it yourself.你得自己去干。(2)反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。He saw himself in the mirror.(
11、he和himself指的是同一人)他在镜子里看见了自己。He saw him in the mirror.(he和him指的不是同一人，him指代另一个人)他在镜子里看见了他。(3)(3)反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：They enjoyed themselves at the party They enjoyed themselves at the party last night.last night.昨天晚上他们在聚会上玩得很开心。昨天晚上他们在聚会上玩得很开心。Help yourself to some fish.Help yourself to some
12、fish.吃点鱼吧。吃点鱼吧。I taught myself swimming when I was six.I taught myself swimming when I was six.我六岁时自学了游泳。我六岁时自学了游泳。反身代词的固定搭配：反身代词的固定搭配：by oneself(by oneself(靠靠)自己自己 enjoy oneself enjoy oneself 过得愉快过得愉快 help oneself to help oneself to 随便吃随便吃 teach oneself teach oneself 自学自学 talk to oneself talk to on
13、eself 自言自语自言自语 指示代词指示代词包括this,that,these,those指示代词指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语作主语、宾语、表语和定语和定语。例如：This is my friend,Tony.That kite is fiying high in the sky.Wait until youve heard this.All I need is that you could help me.(1)表示空间上的远近：表示空间上的远近：thisthis和和thesethese表示表示近。近。thatthat和和thosethose表示远表示远。No one had wor
14、ked in this place for ages.已经好多年没有人在这个地方工作过了。I dont like the look of those clouds.我不喜欢那些云的样子。(2)表示时间上的远近表示时间上的远近 These days the Olympics must mean the best.现今，奥林匹克运动会肯定是水平最高的。At that point he became worried.就在那时，他变得担心起来。注意：注意：thatthat和和thosethose有时可以用来代表有时可以用来代表前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。The best
15、 cotton is that from The best cotton is that from Xinjiang.Xinjiang.新疆的棉质量最好。新疆的棉质量最好。指示代词的固定搭配：指示代词的固定搭配：like this like this 像像这样这样 thats all right thats all right 没关没关系系 more than that more than that 更重要的是更重要的是 for all that for all that 尽尽管如此管如此 So thats that.So thats that.就是就是这样。这样。疑问代词包括：疑问代词包括：
16、who(who(指人，主格），指人，主格），whomwhom（宾格），（宾格），whosewhose（所有格），（所有格），whatwhat（指物）（指物）,which,which（指人或物）（指人或物）。疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、作主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、定语等等。例如：。例如：Which do you like best,your mother or your father?Which do you like best,your mother or your father?Who is your favourite composer?Wh
17、o is your favourite composer?What program did you watch on television last night?What program did you watch on television last night?Whom did you meet on your way home?Whom did you meet on your way home?这里，这里，whichwhich是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用whichwhich.
18、例如例如:I like:I like the redthe red shirt.shirt._ _ do you like?_ _ do you like?who(whom,whose),which,thatwho(whom,whose),which,that等等可用做关系代可用做关系代词，词，引导定语从句引导定语从句。例如：。例如：He is a man He is a man whowho can play the piano very well.can play the piano very well.The people The people whomwhom you met in t
19、he campus you met in the campus yesterday are from England.yesterday are from England.Is there anyone in your department Is there anyone in your department whosewhose father is a painter?father is a painter?不定代词在初中课本中主要有不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,anysome,any，each,every,each,every,all,none all,none both,eithe
20、r neither,both,either neither,other,another,other,another,one,one,many,much,few,little many,much,few,little,somesome（一些，某）（一些，某）一般用于肯定句中一般用于肯定句中 注：注：somesome有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。在由有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。在由would you would you likelike发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方
21、的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用时，在疑问句中要用somesome而不用而不用anyany。Will you give me some water?Will you give me some water?Would you like some meat?Would you like some meat?May I ask some questions?May I ask some questions?Could I have some apples?Could I have some apples?any any（任何）（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句多用于疑问句和否定句 every every 单数
22、名词单数名词 “每一个每一个”强调共性，作定语强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。形式上为单数。如如:Every child likes:Every child likes playing games.playing games.each“each“每一个每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与同位语，常与ofof连用连用。eacheach作句子主语时其谓语动作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式词要用单数形式，如：，如：Each of us wants to learn Each of us wants to learn English wellEnglish
23、 well，Each of them has a nice skirt.Each of them has a nice skirt.但但eacheach作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。如。如:We:We each have a ticket for the concert.each have a ticket for the concert.everyevery只可作形容词，不可作代词，而只可作形容词，不可作代词，而eacheach既可作形既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时eacheach侧重强调个侧重强调个体，而体，而eve
24、ry every 则侧重于全体。则侧重于全体。everyevery用于三者或三者用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而以上的每一个，而eacheach用于二者或二者以上的每一用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用eacheach而不能用而不能用every.every.3.all“(3.all“(全部全部)都都”表示三者或三者表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。助动词之后，行为动词之前。如：如：We We are all from Canada.=All of us are all fr
25、om Canada.=All of us are from Canada.are from Canada.none“none“没有没有”表示三者或三者以上表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词都不，后常跟介词of of。如：。如：None of None of us is/are afraid of dogs.us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复（单、复数均可）数均可）both“both“（两者）都（两者）都”,作主语时，看作复数；作作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。定语时，后跟名词复数。either“either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”,作主语时，谓语作主
26、语时，谓语用第三人称单数用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither“(neither“(两者两者)都不都不”,含有否定意义，用法含有否定意义，用法同同eithereither。如：如：They both swim well.They both swim well.Both of them swim Both of them swim well.well.There are trees on both sides of the There are trees on both sides of the street.=There are trees on eit
27、her side of street.=There are trees on either side of the street.the street.Neither of us is going to Beijing next Neither of us is going to Beijing next week.week.Neither answer is right.Neither answer is right.another+another+单数名词单数名词,“,“另一个另一个”,用于泛指用于泛指 one the other“one the other“一个一个，另一个，另一个”th
28、e other+the other+复数名词复数名词 =the others“=the others“其他其他的人或物的人或物”（指确定范围内剩下的全部）（指确定范围内剩下的全部）others“others“别人别人”如：如：There are ten students here.Where There are ten students here.Where are the others?are the others?There are ten students here Where are There are ten students here Where are the other stu
29、dents?the other students?由由eitheror,neithernor,or eitheror,neithernor,or 连接两个连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：如：Either teachers or students want to do Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.their best to help the old man.在在eit
30、heror,eitheror,或或neithernorneithernor连接两个主语连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。配。oneone作代词时，它的复数形式是作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,ones,所有所有格形式是格形式是onesones，反身代词为，反身代词为oneself.oneself.如果如果oneone与别的词组成其他词，如：与别的词组成其他词，如：someone,anyone,everyonesomeone,anyone,everyone或或only one only one 则要用则要用his/herhis/her，
31、来作其所有格形式。，来作其所有格形式。many,much,few,littlemany,much,few,little这这4 4个词前仅能用个词前仅能用so so muchmuch用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而而manymany用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。谓语动词。a few/a littlea few/a little为有一些。为有一些。fewfew用于可数名词，用于可数名词，littlelittle用于不可数名词用于不可数名词,意为几乎没有，意为几乎没有，但但fewfew作主语时谓语动
32、词则要用复数形式，作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，littlelittle与与fewfew用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。如：如：You have few friends,have you?You have few friends,have you?相互代词包括相互代词包括each othereach other和和one anotherone another。相互代词。相互代词有数和格的变化，有数和格的变化，each others,one anotherseach others,one anothers为为所有格形式。所有格形式。相互代词在句中作宾语（直接宾语，介
33、词宾语），相互代词在句中作宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语），其所有格可作定语。其所有格可作定语。如：如：Most of us know each other pretty well.Most of us know each other pretty well.The men shook hands with one another.The men shook hands with one another.1 These are books.Yours are over there.A/B my C me D mine 2 is she?She is a teacher.A What B How C
34、Who D Where3 is wrong with my watch.It has stopped.A Something,working B Something,to work C Any thing,working D Anything,to work答案答案B.析这里应用形容词性物主代词。析这里应用形容词性物主代词。答案答案A.析这里的四个疑问词放在析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is she?应译为应译为“她的工作是什么她的工作是什么?”或或“她是她是做什么的做什么的?”而而How is she?应译为应译为“她身她身体如何
35、体如何?”而而Who is she?应译为应译为“她是谁她是谁?”其答语应为其答语应为“她叫什么名字。她叫什么名字。”而而Where is she?应为应为“她在什么地方她在什么地方?”由答语决定由答语决定了这道题的选择了这道题的选择。答案答案A.析因为是肯定句所以应用析因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于其后由于表停止工作了，则表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。后要用动名词。4 Mary,help to the bananas,please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves5 do you go to school every day?
36、By bus.A How B Why C When D Where答案答案C.析析help oneself to something为为“自己拿某物自己拿某物”。yourself为为“你一个人你一个人”，而，而yourselves为为“你们你们”。答案答案A.析这题的答案是由问句决定的。析这题的答案是由问句决定的。6 My skirt is popular than.A much,her B much,hers C more,her D more,hers7 Can you speak English?Yes,but only.A few B a few C little D a little
37、答案答案D.析因句中有析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，所以应选用比较级，而而than后要选用名词性物主代词。后要选用名词性物主代词。答案答案D.析因会讲某种语言的多少要用析因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。但仅仅会讲一点。8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine9“do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.”A How long B How manyC How of
38、ten D How much答案答案D.析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。答案答案C.析析How often问的是某一动作问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something11“Mum,Anns coming tonight.Lets give her to eat.”“Good idea!”A
39、 anything nice B nice anythingC something nice D nice something答案答案C.析在否定句析在否定句中应用中应用anything答案答案C.析肯定句中用析肯定句中用something而不用而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。前面。12 When shall we meet,this evening or tomorrow evening?I dont mind.time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both13 This is no
40、t her kite,but.A hes B him C he D his答案答案C.析因如选用析因如选用both则名词要则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有语前有I dont mind 则决定不能选择则决定不能选择neither.答案答案D.析要注意析要注意“他的他的”名词性物主代词与名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。形容词性物主代词是同形的。14 Dont worry,Mum!news is good news.Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two
41、15 Mary has six apples.Her brother has three.She has apples than he.A few B many C more D fewer答案答案A.析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。答案答案C.析由于是比较级，根据题意应选析由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于多于”而而不是不是“少于少于”。1.There isnt in todays newspaper.A anything interesting B something interestingC nothing interesting D inter
42、esting anything2.September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers3.In England,people eat a lot of“takeaway”food.What about people in your country?A So we do.B We do so.C So do we.D We so do.在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅
43、仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。要倒装。4.Shall we go into that shop and have a look?Sorry.I wont.I have to do there.A everything B anything C something D nothingADCD由于句子是否定句，应选由于句子是否定句，应选择择anything，而且不定代，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。词的修饰语应放在其后面。这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。5.My sister doesnt like skating.A So do I B S
44、o I dontC Neither I dont D Neither do I6.Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.A you,he and I B I,you and heC he,I and you D you,I and he7.All the students are busy,soof them will go to the concert.A many B little C a few D fewD.析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合于第二个人。析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合于第二
45、个人。所以要用所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句并要采用倒装句。A.析这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。析这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。D.8.Oh,dear!Who broke the glass?8.Oh,dear!Who broke the glass?Sam Sam Bruce.It was the cat.Bruce.It was the cat.A Both,and B Not,but C Neither,nor D A Both,and B Not,but C Neither,nor D Either,orEither,or9.The students are havin
46、g a good time in the park.9.The students are having a good time in the park.Some are drawing by the lake.Some are drawing by the lake.A.A.are climbing the are climbing the hill.hill.A Others B Other C Another D The otherA Others B Other C Another D The other10.She is not a nurse.Im not10.She is not
47、a nurse.Im not.A also B either C neither D tooA also B either C neither D too11.I have two pencils.One is red,11.I have two pencils.One is red,is blue.is blue.A the other B another C others D the othersA the other B another C others D the othersC.析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词
48、。B.A.析两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而析两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而是泛指复数代名词，而the others是是特指复数代名词。特指复数代名词。12.Sorry,I cant answer your question.12.Sorry,I cant answer your question.I know I know about the subject.about the subject.A little B a little C few D a A little
49、 B a little C few D a fewfew13.The teacher gave 13.The teacher gave C.C.student a new book.student a new book.A nobody B both C each D anyA nobody B both C each D any14.Black is neither a teacher 14.Black is neither a teacher a worker.a worker.A or B either C nor D andA or B either C nor D and15.Our
50、 teacher gave us15.Our teacher gave uson studying.on studying.A many advices B some advicesA many advices B some advicesC an advice D some adviceC an advice D some adviceA.both其后的名词应为复数，而其后的名词应为复数，而any用于疑问句和否定句中只用于疑问句和否定句中只有有each可以修饰单数可数名词。可以修饰单数可数名词。C.D.16.There are two foreign friends in the 16.Th
