1、 Grammar主谓一致主谓一致 主谓一致语法一致意义一致就近一致主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。主语形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语用复数；主语形式为复数，意义是单数，谓语用单数。谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。This table is made of wood.Both parties have their own advantages.How delicious the soup is!语法一致 意义一致1.Our family is a happy one.2.The family are early risers.3.Every possible means ha
2、s been tried,but in vain.4.All possible means have been tried,but in vain.Either my grandsons or their father is coming.No one except his daughters agrees with him.Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.Neither Richard nor I am going.就近一致一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 表示表示整体概念整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词，强调一
3、致性，谓语动词用单数用单数形式形式；表示；表示个体概念个体概念，强调每一个成员，谓语动，强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集合名词有词用复数形式。常见的集合名词有family，group，class，grade，team，army，nation，crowd，population，company，government，committee(委员会委员会)等。等。His family is a big one,and the whole family love sports.通常作复数的集体名词通常作复数的集体名词 包括包括police,people,cattlepolice,people,
4、cattle等，这些集体名词通等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。常用作复数。The British police have only very limited powers.The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。牛在田里吃草。graze vt.(让动物让动物)吃草吃草一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题 .通常作不可数名词的集体名词通常作不可数名词的集体名词 无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数用单数形式形式。machinery(机械机械)，clothing(衣服衣服)，lu
5、ggage(行李行李)，furniture(家具家具)，equipment(设备设备)，jewelry(珠宝珠宝)等作主语时，等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。谓语动词常用单数。Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.气候寒冷的地区需要暖和的衣物。气候寒冷的地区需要暖和的衣物。All the furniture has been moved to another room.所有家具已经被搬到另外一个房间里。所有家具已经被搬到另外一个房间里。My luggage was sent by air.一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题一、以集合名词做主语的主
6、谓一致问题 英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或或-es，但是有一些以，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。一致问题。二、以二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 以以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语，结尾的疾病名称作主语，如：如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,等，等，谓语动词通常用作单数。谓语动词通常用作单数。
7、二、以二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 以以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作用作单数。单数。e.g.Darts is basically a easy game.以以-s结尾的地理名称如果是国名，如结尾的地理名称如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。单数。The United States was hit by the Great Depression in the 1930s.注意
8、：注意：the United Nations 联合国（作主语时，看成联合国（作主语时，看成复数）复数）二、以二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 以以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语，如结尾的学科名称作主语，如physics,mathematics,politics,等等,谓语动词通常用作谓语动词通常用作单数。单数。Physics is a fundamental subject in science.二、以二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 英语中还有一些以英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如结尾的名词，如arms,clothe
9、s,contents,fireworks,goods,minutes,remains,stairs,suburbs,thanks,wages这类名词作这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。复数。以以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语 英语中有一些通常以英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词物体名词，如如glasses,scissors,shorts,trousers等，等，这类名词做主语，如果不带这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把一把”、“一副一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。复数
10、。Marys glasses are new.二、以二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。形式。One pair of shorts isnt enough.Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式，常见的这及修饰这些词的词来
11、确定其谓语形式，常见的这部分名词有部分名词有crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters,means,series,sheep,species,works等。等。二、以二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 The crossroads is/are dangerous.Every means has been tried.各种方法都试过了。All possible means have been tried.所有可能的方法都试过了 注意：work 意为“著作”时，one work 一部作品；two works 两部作品。works 意为“
12、工厂”，单复数同形。三、主语是三、主语是并列结构并列结构，主谓一致问题，主谓一致问题平行结构平行结构Either A or BNeither A nor BNot only A but also B Not A but B A or B+动词动词 当主语是由下列连词连接的词组时，谓语动词实施“就近原则”，即主语的单复数问题根据B判断。三、主语是三、主语是并列结构并列结构，主谓一致问题，主谓一致问题Neither the teacher nor the students (want)to have classes on Sunday.Not only the students but also
13、the teacher _ _(wish)for holidays.wantwisheswishes注意：there be结构依然是就近原则。There is a pen and two books on the table.There are two books and a pen on the table.三、主语是三、主语是并列结构并列结构，主谓一致问题，主谓一致问题+动词动词当主语后跟有当主语后跟有(with等）引起的短语时，谓语动引起的短语时，谓语动词与主语词与主语(A)(A)保持一致。即保持一致。即“就远原则就远原则”。withbesidesbut/excepttogether w
14、ithalong withas well as A+B+三、主语是三、主语是并列结构并列结构，主谓一致问题，主谓一致问题由由and连接的两个词指同一人、同一物、同一事连接的两个词指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式单数形式。The bread and butter is served for breakfast.早餐供应黄油面包。The professor and poet is going to give us a talk.那个教授兼诗人要给我们作个报告。The iron and steel industry is very important
15、to our life.注意：由and连接两个事物或人时，一般情况视为复数。A young man and a girl want to go there.三、主语是三、主语是并列结构并列结构，主谓一致问题，主谓一致问题凡是由凡是由each.and each.，every.and every.，no.and no.，many a.and many a.连接名词连接名词作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式单数形式。Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.在我们公司每个人都有机会得到提拔。Ever
16、y boy and every girl has the right to receive education.男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。=Every boy and girl has the right to receive education.Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.许许多多的男孩和女孩都已看到它了。No book and no pen isis found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔。三、主语是三、主语是并列结构并列结构，主谓一致问题，主谓一致问题many a和和more than one（不止一个）后加单
17、数（不止一个）后加单数名词表示名词表示复数意义复数意义，但谓语动词用，但谓语动词用单数形式单数形式。Many a way has been tried.已尝试过多种方法了。More than one teacher has got a computer.不止一位老师有电脑。表示表示“总量总量”或或“总和总和”的时间、距离、金钱、的时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用重量等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形单数形式式。四、表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，主四、表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，主谓一致问题谓一致问题 Twenty thousand dollars isis a larg
18、e amount of money.两万美元是很大的一笔钱。Two thousand kilometers _ not a long distance.is 分数、百分数或分数、百分数或rest等作主语，根据其所代等作主语，根据其所代表的具体事物判断谓语动词的单复数形式。表的具体事物判断谓语动词的单复数形式。half of,part of,most of,a portion of(一份一份)等词引起主语时，动词通常与等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词、后面的名词、代词保持一致。代词保持一致。四、表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，主四、表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，主谓一致问题谓一致问题 Th
19、e rest of money hashas been saved.The rest of the books werewere put on the shelf.Most of his money isis spent on books.Most of the students areare taking an active part in sports.主谓倒装，注意谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓倒装，注意谓语动词的单复数形式。Between the two windows hangs a picture.五、主谓一致的其他问题五、主谓一致的其他问题 the+形容词形容词/过去分词，过去分词，
20、表示一类人，多看成表示一类人，多看成复数复数。The sick here are very well cared for.the following作主语时，谓语动词的数和后面名作主语时，谓语动词的数和后面名词的数保持一致。词的数保持一致。The following are good examples.当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数单数。The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.一千零一夜是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。one of+名词复数名词复数+定语从句，定语从句的谓语动
21、定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词要用词要用复数复数。而而the only one of+名词复数名词复数+定语从句，定语从定语从句，定语从句的谓语动词要用句的谓语动词要用单数单数。五、主谓一致的其他问题五、主谓一致的其他问题 He is one of the students who get there on time.He is the only one of the students who gets there on time.注意，如果不是充当定语从句的先行词，则另当别论：Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting
22、that is due tomorrow.Aare Bis Chave DbeB 五、主谓一致的其他问题五、主谓一致的其他问题 表示单一概念的表示单一概念的不定式、动名词不定式、动名词或或从句从句作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词用谓语动词用单数形式单数形式。Swimming in this river is very dangerous.在这条河里游泳很危险。【注意】【注意】what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句谓语或从句后的形式，但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式表语是复数形式，则谓语，则谓语动词用动词用复数形式复数形式。What the
23、poor need most isis the ambition to become rich.穷人最需要的是发财的雄心。What we need are qualified teachers.我们需要的是合格的教师。五、主谓一致的其他问题五、主谓一致的其他问题 nonenone，allall，eacheach，eithereither，neitherneither等代词作主语等代词作主语 nonenone作主语指不可数名词时，谓语动词用作主语指不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数单数形式，形式，但当但当nonenone后接表示人或物的名词的后接表示人或物的名词的复数复数时，谓语动词时，谓语动词用用单
24、、复数均可单、复数均可。all all 修饰不可数名词表示单数概念时，谓语动词用单修饰不可数名词表示单数概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果数形式；如果all修饰的是复数名词，谓语动词则用复修饰的是复数名词，谓语动词则用复数形式。数形式。each，neither，either，every等作主语时，谓语动等作主语时，谓语动词一般用词一般用单数形式单数形式。复合不定代词something,nothing,someone,anyone等作主语，均看成单数。五、主谓一致的其他问题五、主谓一致的其他问题 有些名词，如variety,number,population,majority 等有时看作单数，有时
25、看作复数。当“a number of/a variety of/varieties of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式复数形式。但“the number of(表数目)和the variety of（表种类表种类）等+可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数单数。The majority of the students like English.大部分学生喜欢英语。The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的大部分损害容易补救。五、主谓一致的其他问题五、主谓一致的其他问题 There are a variety of goods on
26、 sale in the shop.The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising.This variety of dog is very useful for hunting.这种狗对狩猎很有用。The population of Canada is about 29 million.About 80%of the population of the country are peasants.a series of+名词复数，作主语时看成单数。a quantity of+可数名词复数，“大量的”，看成单数。a quantity o
27、f+不可数名词，“大量的”，看成单数。a amount of+不可数名词，“大量的”，看成单数。a greatgood deal of+不可数名词，谓语用单数。plenty of+名词复数，作主语时，看成复数。plenty of+不可数名词，作主语时，看成单数。五、主谓一致的其他问题五、主谓一致的其他问题 词组后面搭配名词的情况：词组后面搭配名词的情况：Exercises 1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.A.am B.be C.is D.are 2.Each man and woman _ the same rights.A.has B
28、.have C.had D.is having 3.Every means _ tried but without much result.A.has been B.have been C.are D.isC CA AA A4.There _ in this room.A.are too much furniture B.is too many furnitures C.are too much furnitures D.is too much furniture 5.The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.A.were B.are C.wa
29、s D.be6.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A.am B.is C.are D.wasD DC CC C 7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A.is B.are C.has D.was 8.Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.A.attends B.attend C.are attending D.have attended 9._ was wrong.A.Not the teacher bu
30、t the students B.Both the students and the teacher C.Neither the teacher nor the students D.Not the students but the teacherA AB BD D 10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”A.Will be B.Is C.Are D.Were 11.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.A.are B.has C.is D.were 12.Most of
31、 his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.A.has been kept B.is being kept C.have kept D.have been keptB BC CD D13.All that can be done _.A.has done B.has been done C.have done D.have been done14.One or perhaps more pages _.A.is missing B.has been missed C.are missing D.was missing15.More than one worker _
32、dismissed.A.have been B.are C.has been D.hasB BC CC C16.Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.A.is B.are C.were D.have been17.Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A.have realized B.has realized C.have been realized D.has been realized18.The gas works _ near the city.A.is B.ar
33、e C.were D.beA AA AB B19.The surroundings of his house _ clean now.A.is B.are C.was D.were20.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A.has argued B.has been arguing C.have argued D.have been arguing21.Cattle _ on the hillside.A.grazes B.is grazing C.was grazing D.were grazing
34、B BD DD D 22.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A.is B.was C.are D.has been23.The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.A.lies B.lie C.lay D.lays24.What caused the accident _ on the road.A.were stone B.were stones C.was stone D.was stonesC CA AD D25.Mary is one
35、 of the girls who _ always on time.A.is B.am C.are D.was26.Tom is the only one of the members who _ to be promoted.A.is going B.are going C.has been going D.have been going27.Interest,as well as prospects,_ important when one looks for a job.A.are B.were C.is D.wasC CA AC C28._ is to attend our even
36、ing.A.both the singer and the dancer B.Either the singer or dancers C.The singer or dancers D.The singer and dancer29.The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.A.had B.has been having C.are having D.were havingD DD D 30.No one except two students _ the meeting.A.has been late for B.hav
37、e been late for C.was late for D.were later for 31.The president,accompanied by his assistants,_.A.have arrived B.are arriving C.had arrived D.has arrivedC CD D32.A number of cars _ in front of the park A.is parked B.was parked C.are parked D.has parked33.The number of articles published on smoking
38、_ amazing.A.is B.are C.were D.have been34.Four-fifths of the crop _.A.are ruined B.was ruined C.were ruined D.have been ruinedC CA AB B35.The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.A.is B.are C.were D.be36.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.A.are believed B.had believed C.has believed D.believeA AD D
