1、状语从句Adverbial Clauses 修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子,表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度,结果等的词,短语或句子叫状语.试分析句子中的状语：1.She usually gets up at 7 oclock.2.I saw him playing basketball on the playground.3.Toms father got up early to catch the early bus.4.Luckily,he got to the airport on time.5.He was doing his homework when his fath
2、er came back.What are“Adverbial Clauses”?状语从句是用来表示主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、方式、结果、目的、地点、比较、让步等关系的从句。考点一 状语从句分类状语从句分类状语从句状语从句1.1.时间时间状语从句状语从句2.2.地点地点状语从句状语从句3.原因原因状语从句状语从句4.条件条件状语从句状语从句5.让步让步状语从句状语从句6.目的目的状语从句状语从句7.结果结果状语从句状语从句8.方式方式状语从句状语从句9.比较比较状语从句状语从句1.时间时间状语从句状语从句常用连接词如下常用连接词如下：when,while,as，till/until,no
3、t till/until,before,since,after，once，as soon as特殊连接词：immediately/directly/instantly the moment/the instant/the minute,by the time/each time/every time/whenever no sooner than,hardly(scarcely)when 连词 词义 用法 when 当.的时候 状语从句谓语动词可是延续性动词，也可是瞬间动词既可以指一个时间点,也可以是一段时间，可表示主从句的动作同时或先后发生 while 当.的时候 状语从句谓语动词是延续性动
4、词指一段时间，强调某一段时间内，主从句动作同时发生 as 一边.一边.随着状语从句谓语动词是延续性动词强调主句从句动作相并发生1）when/while/as例句：When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sunday.When the film ended,the people went back.While he was reading,his wife was cooking.As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.题组训练，用when/while/as填空_ I was wal
5、king at the bus stop,I noticed a police car in front of the store._John arrived,I was cooking lunch._he grew older,he lost interest in everything except garedning.When/While/AsWhenAs注意：另外,when/while还作并列连词,连接并列分句,while表示“而,可是”如:I like reading while my wife enjoys watching TV.when表示“就在这时”在下列结构中，表示某件事正
6、在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。1.be about to do when2.be doing when3.had done whene.g.We were about to start when it began to rain.I was playing computer games when mom came in.注意特殊结构1)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.A.after B.while C.since D.when 2)我正在做饭
7、，这时，门铃响了。I was doing some cooking when the doorbell rang.3）I was about to leave work when it began to rain heavily.我正要下班，这时，天开始下大雨了 4）He had just finished his homework when the light went out.他刚好完成他的作业突然灯熄灭了。2).till/until和not.until3)after,beforeafter意为:在.之后before意为:在.之前，还未.就.,不到.就.,.才.,还没来得及.就.例句：He
8、 changed his idea after he thought it over.他在仔细思考了之后改变了注意。It was half a year before I came back.半年后我才回来。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了不到一英里他就感觉累了。Its/will be+一段时间 before+一般现在时 表示过了多久才Its/will（not)be+一段时间 before+一般现在时 4）since引导的时间状语从句since意为“自从.”，引导的从句谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，通常用一般过去式，主句的谓语动词是延续性
9、的或者反复发生的动作，时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时She has been working in this factory since she left school.自从她离开学校就在这个工厂工作。It is three years since I began to smoke a cigar.我吸雪茄已经三年了。5）表示一.就.的连词注意：no sooner.than.,hardly/scarely.when.所在的主句谓语动词用过去完成时，而than、when引导的从句后面应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner,hardly/scarely提到句首时，其主句要用倒装语序We
10、had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.=No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们一到火车站，火车就离站了。6)every time,each time,next time,the last time,any time引导时间状语从句，表示引导时间状语从句，表示“每当每当.，每次，每次.,下次下次.”等。等。Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.每当我处
11、于困境，他就会来帮助我。Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候，一定记得把你儿子带来。practice1.Ill tell him to give you a call _ he comes back.A.because B.since C.as soon as D.but2.Dont forget to wash your hands_ you have meals.A.until B.before C.when D.while3.-Where was your brother at this time la
12、st night?-He was writing an e-mail _ I was watching TV at home.A.as soon as B.after C.until D.while4.-Hurry up.The bus is coming.-Wait a moment.Dont cross the street_ the traffic lights are green.Aafter B.until C.while D since5.All the students have learned a lot _they came to this school.A.when B.a
13、s soon as C.since D.while2.地点状语从句连接词：where/wherever位置：指具体时间时，从句可放在任何地方；表示抽象 的含义时，从句需放在主句之前 a.Just stay where you are.b.Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.c.Where there is a will,there is a way.3.原因状语从句连词：because因为 as由于 since/now that既然 for因为in that 因为 seeing that鉴于 considering that考虑到
14、because:直接原因，非推断。语气最强回答whysince:显而易见的已知的原因，译为“既然”，通常放句首。as：不谈自明的原因，语气最弱for:附加、推断的原因，通常放句中，引导后半句表原因。a.Since/As the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.b.He is absent today because he is ill.c.He must be ill，for he is absent today.4.条件状语从句 条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将
15、来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unless (除非),as/so long as(只要),in case(假使),providing/provided(that)（如果）,supposing（that）（假若，倘使），on condition that(条件是）等。ifas long as1.We will be able to get there on time,_ our car doesnt break down on the road.A.as soon as B.as far asC.as long as D.as well as1.The little boy wont g
16、o to sleep his mother tells him a story.A.or B.unless C.but D.whether5.让步状语从句连接词：although/though（尽管，虽然）;as（尽管，虽然）;when(尽管);evev though/even if（即使）;whether.or.（不管.还是.）;疑问词+ever/no matter+疑问词(不管.;无论.)让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。1)He is unhappy,_ he has a lot of money.2)Child _ he is,the boy knows a lot.3
17、)_ it is raining,we will go there.4)_you say,he wont believe you.thoughasEven if/thoughWhatever注意：(1)although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet/still连用，但不能和but连用 Although/though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.(2)though还可以用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come;he didnt,though.(3)wh
18、en/while也可以做从属连词，表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中，相当于although.Suddenly,she stopped when she ought to have continued.While I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.(4)as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，放在句首必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情
19、态动词后的动词原形置于句首。6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that so thatfor fear that（唯恐，以免某事会发生）（唯恐，以免某事会发生）;in case（以防）（以防）;用于正式文体中，所引从句用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后可于主句前或后a.较常用，一般用于主句后较常用，一般用于主句后,有有时可分开，时可分开，so 有时可省有时可省;从句从句中中要有情态动词要有情态动词，否则，否则,就成为就成为下一种句型：下一种句型：b.无无情态动词则引导情态动词则引导结果状语结果状语从句。从句。I will speak slowl
20、y so that/in order that you can understand me.In oredr that we might see the sunrise,we started for the park early.Mary didnt want to get out of bed for fear that she might wake her baby up.Take your raincoat in case it rains.例句：7.结果状语从句（1）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so/so that/so.that./such.that.too.to./enough
21、to.（2）句型结构 so adj./adv.that so adj.a/an nthat so many/few/much/little(少)n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)that sucha/anadj.nthat suchadj.n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)that1）He rans so fast that I cant catch up with him.2）Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him
22、.3）It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.4）He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.5）So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.(为了强调adj/adv,当so/such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序）too.to.太.而不能.enough to.达到某种程度可以.He didnt get up early
23、enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.8.方式状语从句从属连词：as正如 as if/as though好像，仿佛 as if/as though 引导的从句可以用虚拟语气，但如果从句中的情况可能实现，也可用陈述语气。The lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.(虚拟语气）He closed his eyes as if he was tired.(陈述语气）Do as you are told,or you will be fired.9.比较状语从句从
24、属连词as as,not so/as as,morethan,less than,the more+adj./adv.；the more+adj./adv.e.g.a.He is not so/as healthy as his brother.b.They jumped up and down as hard as they could.c.John is less clever than Peter.考点二状语从句中的时态1.在条件，时间从句和让步状语从句中，主句是在条件，时间从句和让步状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用
25、现在完成时表将来完成时，用现在进行时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用现在进行时表将来进行时。（时表将来进行时。（主将从现主将从现）2.在在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般用引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般用一般过去时，而主句常用一般现在时或现在完一般过去时，而主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时。成时。若若since从句用从句用had done，则主句用一般，则主句用一般过去式。过去式。It is/has beensince S+V(一般过去一般过去)It was.since S+had doneThey are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rai
26、n next week.As soon as I have finished this work,I will have gone home.考点三状语从句中成分的省略当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况省略或变化：“系表”结构省略be动词；被动语态省略助动词be；主动语态的动词则变为doing。If necessary(如果有必要的话),Ill explain it to you again.Though lacking(lack)money,they sent their children to school.He stopped as if to
27、see(see)if someone followed him.状语从句同时具备下列两个条件状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是从句主要动词是be的某种形式。的某种形式。从句中的主语和从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。动词常可省略。When(the museum is)completed,the museum will be open to the public next year.If(it is)possible,he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮
28、你摆脱困境。如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。根据句意用适当的连词填空1.Dr.Bethune(白求恩)came to China_he was nearly fifty.2.I didnt join them yesterday evening_I had to go to an important meeting.3.The meeting became so disorderly_the speaker had to shout the audience down.4.To be honest,you did better_I did.whenbecausethatthan5.Hard_h
29、e tried,he couldnt force the door open.6._we often use computer to write or email to somebody,handwriting is still a kind of precious wealth to us.7._you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus.8._we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.9.Lets not pick
30、 these peaches until this weekend _that they get sweet enough to be eaten.asThoughUnlessIfso10._we make good use of public transport,the environment will be better.11._scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.12.So absorbed was he in his work_he forgot to hav
31、e lunch.IfThoughthat改错：1.Though he worked hard,but he didnt pass the English exam.2.Because he got up late,so he didnt got to the station om time.3.She had taught English for twenty years since she came to this school.4.It is not polite to stay too late before the other guests have gone.5.I was wond
32、ering what to do while an idea occurred to me.6.If it will rain tomorrow,we wont go to the park.语篇填空 My classmate Michael studied very hard_he went to senior school.Every day he worked_everyone left the classroom.He said he wouldnt stop trying_he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard_he tried,he
33、 made little progress,but he didnt lose heart at all_he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day._time went by,he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-together party_ we started our new life in university.Everyone had got offers from universities,_we had a very good time.When we stood_we used to play and study,we couldnt help thinking of our happy old days.We believed we would never forget each other,_we would go or whatever we would do.afteruntilunlessasbecauseAsbeforesowherewherever
