1、先来看几个相关术语先来看几个相关术语1.定语定语2.定语从句定语从句3.先行词先行词4.关系词关系词1.定语：定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用的的表示。表示。a clever boy The boiling waterFallen leavesThe man who you are looking for2.定语从句定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。Do you know the man who came to
2、see Xiao Yang this morning?What is the function of the underlined part?Tom is a handsome boy.The little boy needs a blue pen.The boy in the classroom needs a pen.The pen bought by her is made in China.The man standing there is my teacher.The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterda
3、y.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句：一个句子充当定语定语从句：一个句子充当定语3.先行词先行词：4.关系词关系词：关系代词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词关系副词where,when,why等。等。关系词常有关系词常有3个作用：个作用：1，引导定语从句。，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。，在定语从句中担当一个成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫
4、被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词；引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。The boy who is reading needs the pen.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句先行词：被修饰限定的词先行词：被修饰限定的词关系词：引导定语从句的词关系词：引导定语从句的词定语从句：一个句子充当定语定语从句：一个句子充当定语God helps those who help themselves.He who laughs last laughs best.Nothing in the world is dif
5、ficult for one who sets his mind to it.自助者天助。自助者天助。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。世上无难事，只怕有心人。世上无难事，只怕有心人。Guess the meaning of the following proverbsAll that glitters(闪光闪光)is not gold.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.闪闪发光的不一定是金子闪闪发光的不一定是金子.不到长城非好汉不到长城非好汉 .Some sentences with attributi
6、ve clause in the text1.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake _shook Tangshan.2.The army organized teams to dig out those_ and to bury the dead.which was almost as strong as the first onewho were trappedBut the people in the city,_ _ went to sleep as usual that night.It was heard in Beijing,_ w
7、ho thought little of these events,which is more than 200 kilometers away.A huge crack _ _ cut across houses,roads and canals.The number of people _ _ reached more than 400,000.that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide who were killed or injuredDescription He is a Chinese.He plays an impo
8、rtant part in NBA.He was born in Shanghai.Shanghai is an international city.He is a good man.People all like him.People are proud of him.He is a famous basketball player.His wife is Ye Li.He loves basketball.He plays basketball very well.He is a Chinese.He plays an important part in NBA.He is a Chin
9、ese who/that plays an important part in NBA.变为定语从句变为定语从句He was born in Shanghai.Shanghai is an international city.He was born in Shanghai which/that is an international city.summary关系词在从关系词在从句中所作的句中所作的成分成分先行词的类先行词的类别别关系词的选关系词的选择择主语主语人人物物who/thatwhich/thatThose who are against the plan put up your ha
10、nds.The man who is next to us sells vegetable.Tom is one of the students who praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who praised by the teacher yesterday.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。数必须与先行词保持一致。werewasHe is a good He is a good manman.Peopl
11、e all like People all like himhim.People are proud of People are proud of himhim.He is a good man whom/that people are proud of.He is a good man whom/that people all like.He is a good man of whom people are proud.Or:He loves basketball.He plays basketball very well.He loves basketball which/that he
12、plays very well.summary关系词在从关系词在从句中所作的句中所作的成分成分先行词的类先行词的类别别关系词的选关系词的选择择宾语宾语人人物物whom/that/who/省略省略which/that/省略省略He is a famous basketball player.His wife is Ye Li.He is a famous basketball player whose wife is Ye Li.He has a wife.Her name is Ye Li.He has a wife whose name is Ye Li.The room is mine.T
13、he rooms window faces southThe room whose window faces south is mine.summary关系词在从关系词在从句中所作的句中所作的成分成分先行词的类先行词的类别别关系词的选关系词的选择择 定语定语人人物物whosewhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子从括号
14、中选择正确的关系代词完成句子1.The season _ follows spring is summer.(that/who/不填不填)2.This is the museum we visited last Saturday.(that/whom/不填不填)3.The boy John is speaking with is my brother.(which/whom/不填不填)4.The building _ walls are white is my uncles house.(which/whose/不填不填)练习巩固练习巩固thatthat/不填不填whom/不填不填whose5
15、.Will you please lend me the book _ you bought yesterday?(which/that/whose)6.The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.(who/whom/whose)7.The student _ the teacher praise at the class meeting is our monitor.(which/whom/whose)8.I found some photos of tourist sites _ were not fa
16、r away from our city.(which/that/不填不填)which/that whosewhomwhich/that 看图填句看图填句The man _ is Liuxiang.who ran fastestLiuxiang is the man _.who ran fastesta boy，has a scar，forehead Harry Porter is a boy _ _.who/that has a scar on his foreheadxinji is a cityis a city _ _._ _.Xinji a citydevelop fast whic
17、h/that develops fast基础练习基础练习1.Is that the house _ you bought last year?A.where B.which2.Is that the picture _ you are laughing at?A.which B.where3.It is the most interesting book _Ill ever read.A.which B.thatBBA4.The street _is to the park is very narrow.A.where B.which5.The person _finds my watch w
18、ill get a reward.A.who B.when6.This is the room _ we listened to the lecture.A.which B.whereBAB7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party.A.who B.whose8.Tell me the reason _ you are late.A.which B.whyBB翻译翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。He s
19、howed me the place where he lost his wallet.I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.She is a girl who is called Mary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends.关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?考点一只用只用that，不用，不用which1.all,little,much,few,none,everythin
20、g,nothing,something,anything 等等不定代词不定代词作作先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时；先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时；All that can be done has been done.2.序数词序数词或形容词或形容词最高级最高级修饰先行词时；修饰先行词时；This is the best TV that is made in China.3.先行词前有先行词前有the only,the very,the same,the right等修饰时；等修饰时；4.先行词既有人也有物先行词既有人也有物5.主句以主句以which,who,what开头的疑问句开头的疑问句.Who
21、 that you have ever seen can do it better?有哪些情况关系代词不用有哪些情况关系代词不用thatthat，而用，而用whichwhich，whowho，whomwhom?考点二考点二只用只用which，不用，不用that有机器的房间是车间。有机器的房间是车间。The room _ there is a machine is a workshop.The room _ there is a machine in is a workshop.in which(which/that)一、非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句二、用在介词后二、用在介词后I hav
22、e lost the pen,_ I like very much.which1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用指人用who或或whom.He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back fr
23、om abroad,_ I havent met for a long time.whichwhichwhowhomFill in the blanks1.Her bag,in which she put all her money,has been stolen.2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang,with whom I went to the concert,enjoyed himself very much.2、在介词后面，指事物用、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用，指人用whom.(3)w
24、hose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。了这个消息。whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which，
25、或，或=of which+the+名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title(=the title of which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom，或，或=of whom+the+名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mot
26、her(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that (1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1
27、.用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen.四四.介词介词+which/whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则：根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定
28、语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且关系代词
29、不能，且关系代词不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.I cant find the pen with which I was writing.3.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物),who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句作从句中介词的宾语中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to
30、.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：词之前。如：This is the watch(that/which)I am looking for.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.5.先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引时，引导定
31、语从句的关系词用导定语从句的关系词用that/in which或省略。或省略。I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at schoo
32、l.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.that,which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat,which,whose,whom or who
33、?9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.12.He opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose
