1、英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语We must keep th
2、e room warm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 并列句并列句 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连词
3、常用并列连词:平行平行并列连词并列连词:转折转折并列连词：并列连词：因果因果并列连词并列连词:选择选择并列连词并列连词:and,bothand,not only but also,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名词名词性从句性从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句3.I know
4、(that)he is from America(宾语从句）宾语从句）名词名词性从句性从句-Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句在复合句中能担任中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。等。主语主语 His job is important.What he does is impo
5、rtant.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.宾语宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.Who will win the match is still unknown.I want to know what he has told you.The fact is that we
6、 have lost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句的定义宾语从句的定义置于置于动词、介词动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序陈述
7、语序。谓语动词、介。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从形式后面都能带宾语从句。句。有些形容词（有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可等）之后也可以带宾语从句。以带宾语从句。宾语从句中引导词的用法宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词引导词有：有：连词：连词：that(that 常可省略常可省略),whether,if代词：代词：who,whose,what,which副词：副词：when,where,how,why 等。等。I know him.2.I know who he is.主语主语谓语谓
8、语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句引导词种类引导词种类I wonder who will teach us.Mr.Wang asked whose book that was.You can take whatever you like.引导词种类He didnt tell me when we should mee
9、t again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.引导词种类I doubt if/whether he is at home.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.We are sure that he will be successful soon.The old man didnt seem to be sure whether/if h
10、e had met me.一般情况下介词后只能用一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的类连接词引导的宾语从句。宾语从句。I am surprised at what he said.介词后如果接介词后如果接that从句，要先加上从句，要先加上it,再加再加that从句，即从句，即“介词介词+it+that”结构。结构。You may depend on it that they will support you.(that不能省略不能省略)介词介词except,but,besides及及in后可接后可接that从句。从句。I know nothing about him except th
11、at he lives here.(that不能省略不能省略)介词介词后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether,不用不用if.whether 引导表语从句和同位语从句，而引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。则不能。whether后可以加后可以加or not,但是但是if不可以不可以.在不定式前只能用在不定式前只能用whether.（如：（如：I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）我不能决定是否留下。）discuss后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether不用不用if。He suggested that we(should)set about doin
12、g the work at once.I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The leader ordered that the army(should)set off at once.I dont know when he _(come).I cant wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?will comecomes8.8.连词连词+宾语从句宾语从句 连词连词+to do+to dovI dont know what I shall do
13、 next.I dont know what to do next.vShe didnt decide which one she would choose.She didnt decide which one to choose.vPlease tell me whom youll give the letter to.Please tell me whom to give the letter to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is
14、 really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.I dont think he will come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?I believe(that)youve done your best and
15、that things will improve.The teacher advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr.Smith wasnt a thief.1.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why2.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we
16、 do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which宾语从句专项练习题3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know _ shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which4.Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which宾语从句专项练习题5.-I wonder
17、_ youll water this kind of flower.-Every other day.A.how often B.how long C.how soon D.how much6.Men usually go straight to _ they want and leave quickly when shopping.A.what B.which C.where D.that宾语从句专项练习题7.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.wh
18、ere8.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how宾语从句专项练习题9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why10.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why宾语从句专项练习题
