1、名词性从句1 名词性从句是起名词作用的从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。24、同位语从句(appositive clause)分类分类1、主语从句(subject clause)2、表语从句(predicative clause)3、宾语从句(object clause).请请思考思考:3连接副词:when、why、where、how(在从句中作状语)从属连词:that、if、whether（只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分）连接代词:who、whom、what、which、whose、whoever whomever、whatever、whichever(在从句中担任成
2、分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等)4That he will come to the party is certain.Whether well go outing depends on the weather.Who did the work is unknown.Whoever leaves the classroom should tell me.When they will come hasnt been made public.5that引导主语从句引导主语从句时时,常用常用it作形式主语作形式主语，常见句型有:itbe形容词(如：obvious，true，natural，surpri
3、sing，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，evident，clear，apparent等)that从句。It is evident that lung cancer is closely related to smoking.6 itbe名词(如:no wonder,an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise等)that从句。Its a great pity that its probably the last time this will happen.itbe过去分词(如：s
4、aid，reported，thought，estimated，expected，decided，announced，arranged，recognized等)that从句。It is known to all that physical exercises can improve our physical and mental health.类似句型还有：It cannot be denied that./It must be admitted that.7it动词(如:seem,appear，happen，occur to sb.，make no difference等)that从句。It
5、suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.that引导主语从句，置于句首时，that不能省略。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.注意注意:8宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词、介词、形容词后He suggested that we(should)make a trip to Hong Kong next year.I wonder whether it is true or not.Our success depend
6、s on how well we can cooperate with each other.I was surprised at what he said.He is confident(that)he wil win.（2）宾语从句）宾语从句9如果宾语从句后面还有补语,需用it作形式宾语。He made it clear that the task should be completed by Sunday.101.在口语或非正式问题中,引导宾语从句的that常省略，但在下面情况下，that 一般不省略（1）当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的that外，都不可省略。He
7、 told me(that)the power would be cut off and that I should get out.（2）形式宾语it后的that及介词后面的that不能省略。2.如果主句主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think,consider,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，后面的宾语从句含有否定意义，否定转移。否定转移。I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你。我认为这件衣服不适合你。注意注意:11 表语从句通常位于系动词be,look,remain,seem等
8、之后The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital.That is why she is so happy.That is where you are mistaken.注:because,as,as if 也可以引导表语从句。Things are not as they seem to be.事情并不像表面上看起来的那样。I think it is because you are too nervous.It seems as if it is going to rain.12“The reason(why)is that
9、”The reason why I got wet through is that I had no umbrella.Thats whyI had no umbrella.Thats why I got wet through.It/That is becauseI got wet through.That is because I had no umbrella.考点考点:13对名词进行“解释说明”的从句。可以跟同位语从句的名词常为news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),o
10、rder,fear,proof,belief,advice,demand,truth,wish等。最常见的是that 引导的同位语从句。Word came that the mayor will deliever a speech in our school.There is no doubt that he is guilty.I have no idea where we should go.(4)同位语从句14它们的作用等同于who，what，which，where，when，how，但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用no matterwho/what.代替。1引导主语从句。W
11、hoever did this job must be rewarded.2引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。Ill give you however much money you need.3引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。She will give whoever needs help a hand.151.名词性从句必须使用陈述句陈述句语序语序,不能用疑问句。How can we develop our reading skills?That is a question.The question is how we can develop our reasing skills.四、名词性从句的注意
12、事项四、名词性从句的注意事项16 两者都可引导宾语从句,常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换:1if 只用于引导宾语从句和不放在句首的主语从句。whether皆可 2用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，可作条件状语从句，因而产生歧义。)173宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用,就不能换成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.4介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，也可引导
13、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句。Whether you can make progress in your study depends on whether you try your best.I dont know whether to laugh or to cry.5.某些动词，如discuss后面只接whether.18that无词汇意义，从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。无词汇意义，从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。宾语从句中的宾语从句中的that常省略。常省略。what从句中充当主/宾/表，任何情况下都不能省。19 1.表示表示“的东西或事情的东西或事情”
14、“”“所所 的的”eg:Theyve done what they can do to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。2.表示表示“的人或的样子的人或的样子”He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子。Who has made Fred what he is now?3.表示表示“的数量或数目的数量或数目”Our income now is double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。what的用法归纳20 4.表示表示“的时间的时间”,After what seemed like hours
15、 he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。5.表示表示“的地方的地方”,相当于相当于the place that This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492,Columbus reached what is now called America.归纳归纳总结总结:当当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语、名词性从句缺少主语、宾语、表语表语,而而缺少的这个词不缺少的这个词不是指具体的人时，要首先考虑是指具体的人时，要首
16、先考虑what21用用that/what填空填空:1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.What
17、Thatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat22.用适当的连接词填空 1_the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.2I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.3Exactly_the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.23 4Some people believe _ has happened
18、 before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.5Pick yourself up.Courage is doing_youre afraid to do.6It is difficult for us to imagine _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.7The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.8Grandma pointed to the hospit
19、al and said,“Thats_I was born.”24 9As John Lennon once said,life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.10“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is_ my mother used to tell me.11I think_its our duty to help parents do some housework.12I took pride in_I had done in the ab
20、sence of my father.13I am wondering_you can pick him up at the airport.25 14This is_I am thinking about the picture.15I know_it is_I dont spend much time memorizing them after class.16I am wondering_you can help me sell some.17By the way,do you know_they stand for?18I sincerely hope_you will give me
21、 a chance and please believe that I will be a good vice president.26 19Personally speaking,I dont think_these parents do is helpful to their children.20Its reported_about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to the Mars by the year of 2015.21I would appr
22、eciate it_you could sell the knots for 10 dollars each.22Its our desire_you should provide some money to fund our program，as well as offer us some practical suggestions.27 答案 1.When2.what3.when4.whatever5.what 6what7.when8.where9.what10.what11.that 12what13.whether14.how15.that;because 16whether17.w
23、hat18.that19.what20.that 21if22.that28.语篇填空(用适当的名词性从句连接词完成下列短文)I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorlydressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1._he was.We wondered 2._he was so hungry.We were surprised 3._he finished two
24、 orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4._the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5._we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6._he took out of a letter and a million pound bank note.29 I asked Mr.Clements 7._it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it
25、was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8._the gentleman showed them couldnt be a fake.9_a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldnt describe 10._excited I was.答案 1.who2.why3.that4.whether/if5.whether/if6.that7.whether/if8.what9.Why10.how30
