1、In this unit,you are going to:Unit 3 Fit for lifeReading-The future is in our genes 【版本：译林册别：选择性必修二】1.physician n.2.n.牙科医生牙科医生3.game-changing adj.4.genome n.5.n.细胞细胞 6.lifespan n.7.vt.感染感染(疾病疾病);与与 订立合同订立合同(或契约）或契约）n.合同合同,合约合约8.virus n.9.n.癌症癌症;邪恶邪恶,毒瘤毒瘤10.delete vt.11.adv.最终，根本上最终，根本上Lead in医师，内科医生
2、医师，内科医生dentist改变游戏规则的（指彻底改变事态发展的）改变游戏规则的（指彻底改变事态发展的）基因组，染色体组基因组，染色体组cell寿命，寿命，有效期有效期contrast病毒病毒cancer删去，删除删去，删除ultimatelyLearning aimsLearning aimsBy the end of this class,we will be able to Learn some new words and phrases.Master the usages and expressions of the new words.Apply what weve learnt t
3、o practice.Learning aims串记拓展词汇串记拓展词汇1.chemist n.药剂师,药商;化学家_ n.化学_ adj.与化学有关的;化学的 2.specialize(also specialise)vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻_ adj.专用的,专业的,专门的_ adj.特别的;特殊的n.特别的东西;特价 3.affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动_ adj.感人的,动人的_ adj.受到影响的_ n.友爱,影响,疾病 chemistrychemicalspecializedspecialaffectingaffectedaffectionSelf-study
4、4.relate vi.&vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述_ adj.有关系的,有关联的;讲述的,叙述的_ n.相关物_ n.关系;叙述 5.identify vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份_ n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明 6.delete vt.删去,删除_ n.删除 7.restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位_ n.恢复;归还 8.abnormal adj.反常的,畸形的_ adj.正常的;正规的;标准的 relatedrelativerelationidentificationdeletionrestorationnormal9.restrict vt.限制,限
5、定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束_ n.限制;约束;束缚 10.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能_ adj.禁止的_ n.禁止;禁令 11.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗_ v.抵抗,抗拒;忍住 12.characteristic n.特征,特点 adj.典型的,独特的_ n.性格;品质;特征;人物,角色 13.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的_ vt.&vi.(使)成熟 restrictionprohibitiveprohibitionresistcharacterripen.重点短语重点短语1.依靠 2.涉及,与相关 3.把运用到中 4.禁止某人
6、做某事 5.努力处理,全力解决 6.准备就绪 7.失控 8.毫无疑问,的确 9.充当;起作用 10.高龄 depend onrelate toapply.to.prohibit sb from doing sthwrestle withput sth in placeout of controlwithout doubtfunction as a ripe old ageGuidance and exploration.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances o
7、f contracting certain diseases.它它(基因基因)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。些疾病概率的信息。affect vt.have an influence on(sb/sth);produce an effect on 影响影响(of disease)attack(sb/sth);infect 侵袭，使感染侵袭，使感染 touch the feelings of(someone);move emotionally 深深打动深深打动eg An unhappy home environment c
8、an affect a childs growth.不幸的家庭环境会影响孩子的成长不幸的家庭环境会影响孩子的成长。Cancer had affected his lungs.癌癌已侵及他的已侵及他的肺脏。肺脏。I was deeply affected by the film(=It caused strong feelings in me).我被电影深深地打动了。我被电影深深地打动了。归纳总结归纳总结 be affected by 被被侵袭；被侵袭；被感动感动/影响影响 affect sb./sth.影响某人影响某人/某物某物 be affected by heat/cold 中暑中暑/着凉
9、着凉 affection n.喜爱；爱慕（与喜爱；爱慕（与for搭配）搭配）affecting adj.令人感动的令人感动的 affectionate adj.深情的深情的 表示表示“影响；效力影响；效力”时，时，affect是动词，是动词，effect是名词，是名词，influence既可作名词，也可作动词。既可作名词，也可作动词。affect,effect,influenceaffect指指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，注重影响的动，注重影响的动作，常指负面、消极的影响。作，常指负面、消极的影响。effect通常用作名词，作通常用作名词，作“影响影响”讲时，构成
10、讲时，构成have an effect on“对对有影响有影响”。influence指指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易察觉到的、潜移默化的影响不易察觉到的、潜移默化的影响”。【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)The experiment showed that our body clocks _(affect)by light and temperature.2)Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago,foc
11、using mainly on how it _(affect)children.are affectedaffectscontract vt.catch or develop(an illness)感染疾病感染疾病 with sb for sth make(a legal agreement)with sb for a purpose 与与订立合同订立合同(契约契约)用用在比较正式的语境在比较正式的语境中中eg Unfortunately,he contracted cancer at a very young age.不幸的是，他年纪轻轻就得了癌症。不幸的是，他年纪轻轻就得了癌症。They
12、 have just contracted our company to build shelters for the homeless.他们他们刚跟我们公司签订合同，为无家可归的人建造收容所。刚跟我们公司签订合同，为无家可归的人建造收容所。contract n.(with sb)(for sth/to do sth)legally binding agreement,usu in writing 合同，合约合同，合约eg You shouldnt enter into/make a contract until you have studied its provisions carefull
13、y.你你应该先仔细研究合同的条款应该先仔细研究合同的条款,然后再签订。然后再签订。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)Dont sign/enter into any contract before examining its conditions carefully._2)In spoken English,“do not”often contracts to“dont”._3)It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province._ _在在仔细检
14、查合同的条件之前，不要签署合同。仔细检查合同的条件之前，不要签署合同。在在英语口语中，英语口语中，do not常缩写为常缩写为dont。它它可以提高信用卡的安全性，并允许人们从其他省份签署可以提高信用卡的安全性，并允许人们从其他省份签署合同。合同。2.Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases,as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.遗传学家一直试
15、图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一疾病的一种有效手段种有效手段。identify vt.to recognize a problem,need,fact,etc.and to show that it exists 找到找到，发现，发现 eg Scientists are trying to identify the relationship between genes and personality.科学家正在努力寻找基因与个性之间得联系科学家正在努力寻找基因与个性之间得联系。
16、To ascertain the origin,nature,or definitive characteristics of.确认确认eg Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects.警方警方已经确认了约已经确认了约10名谋杀案疑凶。名谋杀案疑凶。to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are 认出认出eg Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?你你能在这些伞中认出你自己的那
17、一把吗能在这些伞中认出你自己的那一把吗?makes them easy to recognize,by making them different in some way 显示显示eg His boots and purple beret identify him as commanding the Scottish Paratroops.他他的长靴和紫色贝雷帽表明他统领着苏格兰伞兵部队。的长靴和紫色贝雷帽表明他统领着苏格兰伞兵部队。【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)While the researchers are unable to identify the specific c
18、ompound by which red chili peppers might extend lifespan,the team says that it is likely due to the compound that is effectively against fatness._2)They were then able to identify the colors of the dinosaur feathers._虽然研究人员还不能确定红辣椒中到底是哪种化合物能延虽然研究人员还不能确定红辣椒中到底是哪种化合物能延长寿命，但该团队表示，这可能是因为红辣椒中所含的化长寿命，但该团队
19、表示，这可能是因为红辣椒中所含的化合物能有效对抗肥胖。合物能有效对抗肥胖。然后然后他们就能辨认出恐龙羽毛的颜色。他们就能辨认出恐龙羽毛的颜色。relate to(1)涉及，与相关 A relate to B=A be related to B 把A和B联系起来 relate A to B 体恤、理解某人 relate to sb identify with sb 向某人讲述某事 relate/narrate sth to sb(2)relation n.关系；联系；亲戚(3)relative n.亲属，亲戚adj.相对的，相关的他说的话与讨论的问题无关。His remarks didnt re
20、late to the topic under discussion.means n.action by which a result is brought about;method(s)手段手段，方法方法单数单数和复数形式均为和复数形式均为means.常用短语常用短语:by means of 通过通过eg The only means of communication was sign language.唯一的交流方式就是手语。唯一的交流方式就是手语。He came first in the writing competition by means of hard work.他通过努力在写作
21、比赛中获得了第一名他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。by all means 千万，一定要，想一切办法；可以，当然千万，一定要，想一切办法；可以，当然行，没问题行，没问题 by no means 绝不，一点也不绝不，一点也不【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)除了养羊，这位老人没有其它的赚钱途径。除了养羊，这位老人没有其它的赚钱途径。_2)这绝不是你第一次迟到。这绝不是你第一次迟到。_3)那台机器被起重机那台机器被起重机(crane)吊到了卡车上。吊到了卡车上。_The old man has no other means of making money except raising
22、 sheep.This is by no means the first time that you have been late.The machine was lifted onto the truck by means of a crane.3.Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind persons vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让也许我们很快就
23、能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。restore vt.bring back(a previous right,practice,custom,or situation);reinstate 恢复恢复eg The government restored confidence in the housing market.政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心政府恢复了人们对住房市场的信心。to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position 修复修复 e
24、g The building has been lovingly restored.建筑物已被精心修复建筑物已被精心修复。return(someone or something)to a former condition,place,or position 使复原，使使复原，使复位复位 后面后面的宾语常为的宾语常为order,confidence,faith,peace等名词。等名词。eg Her friends kindness has restored her faith in friendship.朋友朋友的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。的善良让她对友谊重拾了信心。restore someb
25、odys sight/hearing=make someone who cannot hear or who is blind,hear or see againeg Can you restore your lost hearing?你能恢复失去的听力吗你能恢复失去的听力吗?【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子翻译句子。1)那个那个家庭不仅在那天向我们归还了重要的文件，而且还恢家庭不仅在那天向我们归还了重要的文件，而且还恢复了我们对人民的信心和信任复了我们对人民的信心和信任。_That family not only restored the important documents to us th
26、at day but also restored our faith and trust in people.2)In Peru,local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice._在在秘鲁，一秘鲁，一座高
27、山上的冰川已经受到了气候变化的座高山上的冰川已经受到了气候变化的危害，危害，该该山附近的农民开始行动打算把整个山顶涂成山附近的农民开始行动打算把整个山顶涂成白色，希望白色，希望增强反射以达到储存这些和他们的生命息息相关的冰块的增强反射以达到储存这些和他们的生命息息相关的冰块的目的。目的。单词拼写1.Much of the _(争论)so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars.2.A number of high buildings have _(出现)where there was nothing a year ago bu
28、t ruins.3.She _(来回踱步)up and down the room,waiting for the phone to ring.debatearisenpacedSummary4.By the time these“solutions”(解决方案)become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer _(方式).5.The government is trying to _(恢复;修复)public confidence in the economy.6._(最终),Tom achieved his amb
29、itious goal through hard work.7.The teams secret _(武器)is their new young defender.8.Having made a lot of preparations,we still ran into strong _(反对)to our plan.meansrestoreUltimatelyweaponresistance.用所给词的适当形式填空1.My father used to be an amateur _(wrestle)and national champion.2.He hoped she would rem
30、ove that _(prohibit)soon.3.The government placed _(restrict)on the number of foreign cars that could be imported.4.Our new managing director has reorganized the company a little bit,but nothing has _(fundamental)changed.wrestlerprohibitionrestrictionsfundamentally5.Regarding your inquiry,Im writing
31、to share with you some _(relate)information.6.Theres a close _(identify)between fans and their team.7.She envied our family atmosphere where our parents showed us much _(affect).8.The crops will not be ready for harvesting until we have had some sunshine to _(ripe)them.relatedidentityaffectionripenT
32、he News report below is about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to lifespans.Complete the news report with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.B1pace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtThis week,a team of scientists based in Switzerla
33、nd announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans.(1)_,the discovery is an important finding in the field of genetics.without doubtConsolidationFor years,scientists have been working to(2)_ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan.Until rece
34、ntly,only two such markers were known to the scientific community.Genes play a critical role in overall health.Every(3)_ in the human body contains genetic information.Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly diseases,such as cancer,is tied to an individuals genetic make-up.id
35、entifycellpace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtHowever,scientists have long been(4)_ the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan.The discovery by the research team may quicken the(5)_ of the study on genes and human lifespans,and eventua
36、lly help answer this question.Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes(6)_ lifespans.pacewrestling withaffectpace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtThese genetic markers may eventually function as a
37、(7)_ of targeting the specific genes connected with lifespans.This could significantly enhance peoples chances of living to a ripe old ages.According to some scientists,it could make a(8)_ change to the future of human life.fundamentalmeanspace means identify wrestle withcell fundamental affect without doubtHomework preview the next part and review what they have learned put them into use and enhance the usage of the words and phrases
