1、第二讲 并列句和状语从句01010202并列句并列句联合并列句|转折并列句选择并列句|因果并列句状语从句状语从句时间状语从句|地点状语从句|条件状语从句 让步状语从句|原因状语从句|方式状语从句 结果状语从句|目的状语从句 I.用适当的连词填空II.单句改错III.翻译句子IV.语法填空V.短文改错0303针对训练针对训练 并列句并列句是由and，but，or，for等并列连词把两个或两个以上意义相关的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句并列连词简单句。并列句的四大基本类型有：联合并列句，转折并列句，选择并列句，因果并列句。一、联合并列句并列连词：and(和、并且)，both.and.
2、(和)，not only.but also.(不但而且)，neither.nor.(既不也不)，when(这时)Jim finished his homework and he went to bed.吉姆写完作业就上床睡觉了。Not only do I come to school early，but also I often help clean the classroom.不但我到校早，而且我经常帮助打扫教室。I was reading a novel when my classmate called on me.我正在读小说，这时我的同学来找我。二、转折并列句并列连词：but(但是)，
3、yet(但是)，while(而，然而)等。Shes good at English，but her Chinese isnt good.她擅长英语，但她的汉语不好。The problem was a little hard，yet I was able to work it out.这道题有点难，然而我把它做出来了。It is beneficial to some people，while it puts others into a dilemma.这有利于一些人，可是也会使其他人陷入困境。二、转折并列句 名师指津though和和although(虽然，尽管虽然，尽管)不能与不能与 but连用
4、。连用。Although he was very tired，but he didnt stop working.()Although he was very tired，he didnt stop working.()He was very tired，but he didnt stop working.()虽然他很累，但是他没有停止工作。三、选择并列句并列连词：or(或者；否则，要不然)，either.or.(或者或者)，not.but.(不是而是)等。Tell the truth，or you will be punished.说实话，否则你会受到惩罚。Either you can do
5、 it by yourself，or you can ask someone else to do it.你可以自己做，也可以让别人做。Its not that I am unwilling to help you，but that Im too busy these days.不是我不愿意帮你，而是我这些天工作太忙抽不开身。二、转折并列句 名师指津“祈使句祈使句or/and简单句简单句”是一个固定句型，此句型中的祈使句是一个固定句型，此句型中的祈使句在意义上相当于一个在意义上相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。Work hard，and youll pass the exa
6、m.If you work hard，youll pass the exam.四、因果并列句并列连词：so(所以；结果)，表示结果。for(因为)，表示原因，起补充说明的作用。That was our first lesson，so she didnt know all our names.那是我们的第一堂课，因此她不知道我们所有人的名字。Mr.Smith doesnt go to his usual club，for it is being decorated these days.史密斯先生没有去他常去的那个俱乐部，因为这些天那个俱乐部正在装修。状语从句一、时间状语从句when，while
7、，as引导的时间状语从句。01引导词用 法when既可以表示在某一时间点，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。whilewhile表示“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生，可以译为“随着”、“一边一边”。一、时间状语从句when，while，as引导的时间状语从句。01When he knocked at the door，I was working at th
8、e table.他敲门时我正在桌子旁边工作。Mary made coffee while her guests were having their meal.客人们在吃饭的时候，玛丽煮咖啡。As the time went on，the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气更加糟糕了。一、时间状语从句before和since引导的时间状语从句。02He went off before I could say goodbye.我没来得及和他说再见，他就走了。He had worked in the factory for ten years before he retired
9、.他在这个工厂工作了十年之后退休了。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。(1)before表示表示“在在之之前；还前；还未未就就；还没来得还没来得及及就就”。常用于以下句常用于以下句型：型：It will be一段时间一段时间before.多久之后多久之后才才It wont be long before.不久之后不久之后就就It was一段时间一段时间before.过了多久过了多久才才一、时间状语从句before和since引导的时间状语从句。02I have he
10、ard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad.自从我从国外回来，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。(2)since表示表示“自自从从”，从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。，从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。名师指津since后若接延续性动词或表示状态的动词过去式则表示从后若接延续性动词或表示状态的动词过去式则表示从since后面的动作或状态结束到现在的时间。后面的动作或状态结束到现在的时间。It is ten years since they were married.他们离婚十年了。一、时间状语从句
11、as soon as，the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.引导的时间状语从句。03He jumped off the couch the moment the telephone rang.电话一响，他就从沙发上跳起来了。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finis
12、hed his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。一、时间状语从句every time，each time，next time，the first time引导的时间状语从句。04Next time you go shopping，buy a few extra fruits and vegetables.下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。一、时间状语从句the morning，the day，the week，the month，the year等引导的时间状语从句。05He left Europe the
13、year World War broke out.第二次世界大战爆发那一年他离开了欧洲。一、时间状语从句till和until引导的时间状语从句。06Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？I didnt go to bed until/till my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。如果主句中的谓语动词是如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词瞬时动词时，必须用时，必须用否定形式否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动
14、词延续性动词时，则用时，则用肯定或否定形式肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。都可以，但表达的意思不同。二、地点状语从句If you happen to get lost in the wild，youd better stay where you are and wait for help.如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好呆在原地等待帮助。He determined to go wherever he was most needed.他决定去最需要他的地方。地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。名师指津地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条
15、件意味。地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where theres a will，theres a way.有志者，事竟成。三、条件状语从句My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下河游泳。Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us，who else can we
16、 turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？条件状语从句的常见引导词有：条件状语从句的常见引导词有：ifif，unless(unless(除非除非)，so/as long as(so/as long as(只要只要)，on on condition that(condition that(条件是条件是)，if only(if only(如果如果就好了就好了)，in case(in case(万一，如果万一，如果)，suppose/supposing that/assuming that/provided that(suppose/supposing that/as
17、suming that/provided that(假设，如果假设，如果)等。等。名师指津在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来含义。If everyone does his part，the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。四、让步状语从句although，though，while引导的让步状语从句。01Though/Although/While a smart phone is a great help，we shouldnt spend too much time on it.尽管智能手机很有帮助，但我们不应该在它上
18、面花太多时间。四、让步状语从句as，though引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装。02Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得很熟。四、让步状语从句even if/even though引导的让步状语从句。03Even though the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.尽管森林公园很远，可是很多游客
19、每年都来参观。四、让步状语从句One can always manage to do more things，however/no matter how full ones schedule is in life.一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。“疑问词ever”和“no matter疑问词”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论”。04四、让步状语从句Well go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。wheth
20、er.or.引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。05五、原因状语从句He was punished because he cheated in the final exam.由于在期末考试中作弊，他受到了惩罚。because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。01原因状语从句可由原因状语从句可由because，as，since，now that，in that，considering(that)等词引等词引导。导。五、原因状语从句As he was very busy，we went to the cinema with
21、out him.由于他很忙，我们没带他一起去看电影。Now that you have got a job，you should learn to be independent of your parents.既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。as译作“由于”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since(既然)，now that(既然)，in that(因为)，considering(that)表示双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as，since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。02六、方式状语从句We must do as the 19th CPC National Co
22、ngress tells us(to do)我们必须按照党的十九大的指示办事。He jumped as if he had got the first place.他跳了起来像得了一等奖一样。引导方式状语从句的从属连词有引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中之后。其中as if或或as though引导的从句常用引导的从句常用虚拟语气虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用很可能实现，也可用陈述语气陈述语气。七、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：引导结果状语从句
23、的从属连词有：so.that.，such.that.，so/such that.，其结，其结构形式为：构形式为：so形容词形容词/副词副词that从句从句so形容词形容词a/an可数名词单数可数名词单数that从句从句somany/much/few/little（少）名词（少）名词that从句从句sucha/an形容词可数名词单数形容词可数名词单数that从句从句such形容词可数名词复数形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词that从句从句七、结果状语从句Its such an important match that we cant miss it.The match is so imp
24、ortant that we cant miss it.这次比赛非常重要，我们不能错过。He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.He is so learned that we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go hiking.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去远足。Yesterda
25、y Yang Cheng got up early so that she caught the first bus.昨天杨成起得很早，因此，她赶上了早班车。八、目的状语从句in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句01两个连词都意为两个连词都意为“以以便便；为为了了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。He studies very hard so that/in order that he can be admitted into a key university in the coming year.他学习非常努力，为了能在来年考上重
26、点大学。八、目的状语从句for fear that，in case(that)，so that和lest引导的目的状语从句02引导目的状语从句时，引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示表示“害怕，担心某事会发生害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case(that)/lest表示表示“以防出现某种情况以防出现某种情况”。Please remind me to watch the TV program Growing tomorrow in case I forget.请提醒我明天看电视节目成长，以防我忘了。.用适当的连词填空1_ birds use their feathers for
27、flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京卷)2If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people _ you figure it out.(2017北京卷)3Located _ the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏卷)4Peter,please send u
28、s postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.(2017北京卷)5In much of Asia,especially the socalled“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,_ Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(2016全国卷)Although/Though/Whileuntil/tillwhere so and .用适当的连词填空6Over time,_ the population grew,people be
29、gan cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016全国卷)7All the classmates are friendly and kind,_ you dont need to worry about the difficulty.8I worked hard at English，_ I failed to pass the midterm examination.9We have lived in this city _ I moved here in 1990.10We need some mor
30、e facts and data _ we make the final decision.as/when so but since before .用适当的连词填空11I was busy preparing for my tomorrows test _ loud noises came into my room.12You like playing tennis _ Id rather read novels.13He wont be here _ he is invited.14I dont really like the author，_ I have to admit his bo
31、oks are very exciting.15Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home and raise her family.when while unless although/though so that/in order that.用适当的连词填空16Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.17Half an hour later，Lucy sti
32、ll couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.18 _ the numbers of such developments are relatively small，the potential market is large.19 _ you choose to settle down，you should attempt to fit in with the local people.20Hard _ my brother studied，he wasnt qualified enough for a good university.as if
33、 where While/Though/Although Wherever as/though.单句改错1Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructors orders,so once I started the car,my mind went blank.(2017全国卷)2Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2016全国卷)3If we stay at home,it is comfortable but ther
34、e is no need to spend money.(2016全国卷)4The chance is so precious as Im really looking forward to your approval.5Its been a week after we left your family and we are now back home.but/yetandthatsince.单句改错6In the end，we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.7Although his
35、tory cant be changed，but lessons can be learned to face the future.8Great changes have taken place after you left this city.9With you grow older，youll know better and better about yourself.10It took several weeks when I made this clear.till/until或或butyetsince As before.翻译句子1如果你有问题，请告知我。(2017全国卷书面表达)
36、2迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。3不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。If you have any questions，please let me know.Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him./Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.翻译句子4他不但是我的朋友，也是我的老师。5只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成
37、功。6不管在生活中我们可能遇到多大的挑战，我们都应该勇敢面对。He is not only my friend，but also my teacher.So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.However great a challenge we may meet in our life，we should face it bravely.语法填空 The Paralympics are 1._ greatest sporting event for dis
38、abled athletes in the world.Athletes from several different disability groups take part during the eleven days of competition.However，both the organizers 2._ the athletes stress that the sporting performance is whats important，rather than the participants disabilities.The Paralympics 3._(come)a long
39、 way since 1948，4._ a sports competition was first arranged in England for disabled World War soldiers.Competitors from Holland joined a few years later，and in Rome in 1960 the more official，Olympicstyle Paralympics 5._(organise)theandhave comewhenwere organised.语法填空 The Paralympics include both Sum
40、mer and Winter Games and now take place alongside the Olympics at the same place in the same year.Events such as wheelchair rugby are very popular 6._ the audience and require great skill.Another favourite is threetrack skiing.Here disabled competitors ski on one leg 7._ they were supporting themsel
41、ves on two crutches(拐杖拐杖)which also have small skis 8._(attach)to them.In recent years the Paralympics have grown 9._(rapid)in popularity and in the number of athletes taking part.This 10._(grow)will continue in the future as more and more countries send representatives to the Games.with/amongwhilea
42、ttachedrapidlygrowth.短文改错 Now I still remember what happened to me one day when I was six，play outside of Grandpas house.I saw my grandpas truck and think，Grandpa shouldnt have to drive so an ugly truck.Then I found some paint in his garage.How a good idea！I got a brush and painted small lovely flow
43、er all over the truck.I was on the roof finishing the job while Grandpa walked up to the truck.He looked very surprising.I was afraid of being scolded(责责骂骂)，and he didnt blame me.Instead of，he said to me，“Lily，thats prettiest truck Ive ever seen！”playingthoughtsuchWhatflowerswhensurprisedbutthe45目录目
44、录CONTENTS第十讲 代词和介词（短语）01010202代词代词1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词|2.指示代词 3.不定代词|4.it的用法介词（短语）介词（短语）1.常见介词的用法|2.固定搭配中的介词I.单句语法填空|II.单句改错|III.翻译句子|IV.语法填空|V.短文改错0606针对训练针对训练461PART ONE 代词47目录代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。与汉语不同，在英语中代词使用非常广泛。虽然代词的数量有限，但种类和变化却非常繁多。代词根据其用法特点可分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。48
45、目录一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 类型词义主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词我Imemyminemyself你youyouyouryoursyourself他hehimhishishimself她sheherherhersherself它itititsitsitself我们weusouroursourselves你们youyouyouryoursyourselves他们theythemtheirtheirsthemselves49目录一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格在句中通常作主语，宾格在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等成分。2形容词性物主代词通常在
46、句中作定语，修饰名词。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可以作主语、宾语和表语，只能单独使用，不能用于名词前。3反身代词通常表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语，有时候也可以作介词的宾语。50目录一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词She was beautiful and could run faster than others.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。He invited some friends of his to his party.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。The child looked at himself in the mirr
47、or with interest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。51目录一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词名师指津含有反身代词的习惯用语by oneself 独自地独自地for oneself 亲自亲自of oneself 自动地自动地in oneself 本质上，本身本质上，本身help oneself to 随便吃随便吃/用用enjoy oneself 玩得开心玩得开心teach oneself 自学自学make yourself at home 别客气别客气say to oneself 自言自语自言自语think for oneself 独立思考独立思考seat oneself 就座
48、就座come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉苏醒，恢复知觉be not oneself 身体不舒服身体不舒服behave oneself 举止规矩举止规矩52目录二、指示代词指示代词用 法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that 可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情，意思是“如此，这样”。在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess等词后用
49、so代替前文提出的观点53目录二、指示代词What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是，你应该抓住每一分钟的时间完成你的工作。Such is the power of the Internet that it can make a person suddenly famous.这就是网络的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger s
50、chools.这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。54目录三、不定代词1不定代词的基本用法不定代词用 法each/both/alleach指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”；both表示“两者都”；all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有，全部”either/neither either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两
