1、TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, FOURTH EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4160-5559-4,【临床表现】(manifestation),【临床表现】(manifestation),城墙样改变,双房增大,鱼嘴样改变,气球样改变,ACC/AHA 2006,【诊断及鉴别诊断】(diagnosis and differential diagnosis),【治疗】 (complications),【治疗】 (complications),【治疗】(complications),PBMV,PBMV,【治疗】 (complications),【
2、治疗】 (complications),二尖瓣脱垂 二尖瓣返流,【实验室检查】（laboratory),【实验室检查】（laboratory),MR返流程度分级,ACC/AHA 2006,二尖瓣脱垂 二尖瓣返流,【诊断及鉴别诊断】(diagnosis and differential diagnosis),【治疗】,【治疗】,【治疗】,【病理生理】,【临床表现】,【实验室检查】,连续多普勒法测量主动脉瓣跨瓣压差,ACC/AHA 2006,【诊断及鉴别诊断】(diagnosis and differential diagnosis),【治疗】,【治疗】(complications),【治疗】,【治疗】(complications),【治疗】,【治疗】(complications),【临床表现】,【临床表现】,【实验室检查】,【实验室检查】(laboratory),Mafans主动脉根扩张,彩色多普勒AR,左房左室增大,【诊断及鉴别诊断】(diagnosis and differential diagnosis),【治疗】,【治疗】,ESC/EACTS-2012 Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease,
