1、Using language 新新外研必修外研必修Book 1 Unit 4 Friends forever Attributive clauses 例句分析：Harry Potter is a boy who has magic power.在复合句中，用来修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语定语从句从句。这个从句在主句中充当定语成分。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，有关系代词关系代词和关系副关系副词词两类。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句定语从句三要素先行词先行词关系词关系词（关系代词、关系副词）（关系代词、关
2、系副词）关系词在定语从句中做成分（主，宾，表，关系词在定语从句中做成分（主，宾，表，定，状语）定，状语）eg.What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?u 关系代词关系代词关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose 作定语作主语、宾语、表语指代人的有：who,whom,that指代物的有：which,that所属关系有：whose例1 The man who helped you is Mr.Whit
3、e.在从句中做主语,不能省略例2 That is the person(whom/who/that)you want to see.例3 This is the book(that/which)I bought yesterday.在从句中做宾语，可省略在从句中做宾语，可省略关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分 that 人或物主语，宾语，表语 which 物 主语，宾语 who 人 主语，宾语，表语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语关系代词前看先行是人或物
4、，后看从句有无宾主。前看先行是人或物，后看从句有无宾主。先行指物用先行指物用that/which,先行指人用先行指人用whom/who.whose通常作定语通常作定语”.的的”，人，物两者都兼顾。，人，物两者都兼顾。物作先行物作先行that/which,人作先行人作先行that/whom/who。作宾语都可省。作宾语都可省。巧学妙记巧学妙记Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:A plane is a mac
5、hine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine the machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine that/whichu 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可 以修饰先行
6、词，也可修饰整个句 子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引 导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。Tom,who was a student in America,wrote the book.She came to the kitchen,where her mother was cooking.I finished the book that I bought yesterday.She failed in the exam again,which made her mother very angry.Correct the mistakes1.Under the big tree ar
7、e 34 students,many of them come from class two.2.My mother has a good book,which cover looks terrible.3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4.There is an old woman,that is holding a stick.whomwhoseitwhou 只用只用that不用不用which引导的场合引导的场合1.当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books
8、that attracted him.2.指物的先行词被all,any,every,no,some,the only,the very（正是）,the right,the last等限定词修饰时：These are the very points that interest me.3.指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult.u 只用只用that引导的场合引导的场合4.先行词是指物的不定代词 all,little,few,much 及everything,anything,nothing,
9、none,some等时：There is still much that can be done about it.5.主句是who,which 引导的特殊疑问句：Who that have seen him does not like him?u 只用只用which不用不用that引导的场合引导的场合1.关系代词前有介词时：This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.2.先行词本身就是that 时：Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?3.在非限制性定语从句中（有逗号）：The book
10、,which he lost yesterday,has been found.u “介词关系代词介词关系代词”用法用法1.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配。lWho is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配)l He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.2.介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配。例：He built a telescope through which he could
11、 study the skies.(through which 即 through the telescope)u “介词关系代词介词关系代词”用法用法3.当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾 语时，此时因短语中的介词不能拆开移到关 系代词前。例：This is the watch which youre looking for.whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句表示所属关系表示所属关系 The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whose Whose 的使用的使用In this class there are 2
12、0 students,_ are different.lA.whose backgrounds lB.The backgrounds of whomlC.of whom the backgrounds lD.the backgrounds of whoseWhose 的使用的使用Whose+n.可以用可以用the+n.+of+whom/which替代替代 Rewrite the underlined sentences with that,which,who,whom,or whose.1 Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.2 S
13、o I learnt a new language which/that allows me to speak with my hands.3 Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.4 I sometimes have problems (that/which)I cant solve.5 Lucy is a good listener (whom/who/that)I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.Complete the online forum post with that
14、,which,who,whom,or whose.that/which whose who/that which/that whom/whoExercises Complete the sentences with who,which,or whose.1.The World Wide Fund for Nature is an organization _ aim is to protect wildlife.2.A volunteer is someone _ works without being paid.3.Animals _ live on the Tibetan plain ha
15、ve to survive in a hard climate.4.The Tibetan antelope is an animal _ wool is worth a lot of money.5.The shawls _ were found in London had just arrived from India.whosewhowhichwhosewhich Complete the sentences with of whom,to whom,for which or in which.1.The region _ the antelopes live is very cold.
16、2.The volunteer _ I spoke said conditions were difficult.3.Jiesang is a hero _ we should be proud.4.There are several animals _ special laws have been introduced.in which to whomof whomfor which*As 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句的区别：的区别：1.Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，引导从句，可
17、放在句首、句中或句尾。可放在句首、句中或句尾。2.Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this”or “and that”.译为译为“这一点这一点”。而而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如正如.那样那样”，且已形成固定，且已形成固定结构。如：结构。如：as is known,as is said,as is reported,as is often the case,as is expected.Etc.eg.Einstein,as is known,is a famous scientist.As is reported,China has become an important country in the world.He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expected.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.My son now goes to the school,which I used go to when I was a child.Thank you!
