1、Using language不定式、动名词、分词做表语不定式、动名词、分词做表语新新外研外研版选择性必修版选择性必修Book 1 一、表语的概念什么是表语?从形式上讲,位于系动词后的成分就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。如:Albert Einstein is a famous physicist.阿尔伯特爱因斯坦是一位著名的物理学家。The problem remains unsolved.这个问题仍未解决。要点精析要点精析 读课文读课文，找找出出含有含有表语的句子；表语的句子；总结这些表语的构成特点。总结这些表语的构成特点。1.One way for h
2、im to find inspiration is turning to his childrens toys.2.To listen to Tans music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences.3 He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the Dragon Gate.4 A more recent work of his is the huge Floatin
3、g Fish.动词不定式作表语动名词作表语过去分词作表语名词作表语Summary名词、动名词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、过去分词等动词不定式、过去分词等都可用作表语,但它们所表示的含义却各不相同。-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛用来泛指某种动作或行为指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份、性以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。质或情况。例例如：如：Her hobby is painting.她的业余爱好是画画。My job is looking after the children.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。His concern for his mother is
4、most touching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。-ing形式作表语形式作表语-ed形式作表语常用来表示主语所处的状态，形式作表语常用来表示主语所处的状态，主语多是人，表达主语的感受。主语多是人，表达主语的感受。例例如：如：Most of the students are surprised.大多数学生都很惊讶。The children are all interested in the stories.孩子们对这些故事很感兴趣。Seeing the final result,we are all delighted.看到最终的结果，我们都很高兴。-ed形式作表语形式作表语不定式作表语不定式作
5、表语，作表语的不定式短语通常作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词：名词：hope,idea,job,plan,wish,aim,purpose,thing,business。例例如：如：Her wish is to become a singer.她的愿望是当一名歌手。Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。to-infinitive形式作表语形式作表语 若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时，主语若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时，主语 和表语要取得一致。如：主
6、语是和表语要取得一致。如：主语是ing形式形式 表语也应是表语也应是ing形式，主语是不定式时表形式，主语是不定式时表 语也应是不定式。语也应是不定式。【Tip】例：眼见为实。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.Seeing is to believe.summary：不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语,含义是回答主语“是什么”;分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,含义是回答主语“怎么样”。如:Our plan is to keep the affair secret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。Their jo
7、b is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未被外界所知。区别几种易混情况区别几种易混情况不定式做表语VS.动名词做表语现在分词做表语VS.过去分词做表语不定式做表语VS.不定式表将来动名词做表语VS.现在分词用于进行时过去分词做表语VS.过去分词用于被动语态不定式和动名词作表语的区别：两者作表语都用于回答主语“是什么”,但仍有区别。不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生
8、的动作;动名词作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。如:His job is to paint the walls.他的工作是粉刷这些墙。(一次性的、目前要做的事情,并不是他日常的工作)His job is painting walls.他的工作是粉刷墙。(这是他日常的工作)3.现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都用于回答主语“怎么样”。现在分词说明主语的特征,过去分词说明主语的状态。如:This dog is frightening.这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征)This dog is frightened.这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的状态)Climbing
9、is tiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing.爬山是累人的,爬了一天山,我们都累坏了。(tiring说明爬山的特征,tired说明“我们”的状态)Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the blanket.Her job is _(sell)computers.We can see that he is _ with the _ grades.(satisfy)I was _(surprise)at my new cl
10、assmates strange behaviour.selling selling satisfiedsatisfiedsurprisedsurprisedsatisfyingsatisfying4.不定式作表语和不定式表示将来时的区别。不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”,和主语之间是相等的;不定式用来表示主语即将要执行的动作时,和主语之间是不相等的。如:What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales.他想建议的是降价促销。My American teacher is to leave Chi
11、na soon.我的美国老师很快就要离开中国了。注意当主语部分含有动词do 的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可以省略to。如:All you need to do is(to)press the button.你所要做的就是按一下按钮。5.动名词作表语和现在分词用于进行时的区别。动名词作表语说明主语“是什么”;现在分词用于进行时时,说明主语正在执行的动作。如:Her work is taking care of the children.她的工作是照顾小孩。(说明主语“是什么”)She is taking care of the children.她正在照料小孩。(说明她正在执行的动作)6.过去分
12、词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态的区别。过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态;过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。如:The cup is broken.杯子碎了。(说明杯子所处的状态)The cup was broken by Peter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。(说明杯子承受的动作)The painting remains unfinished.这幅画仍未完成。(说明画的状态)The painting was finished by his apprentice.说明画承受的动作这幅画是由他的徒弟完成的。uCan interested in sentence(b)be replaced by“
13、interesting”?Why or why not?Exercises1 _(learn)a language requires time and effort.2 To answer correctly is more important than _(finish)quickly.3 Her wish is _(become)an engineer.4 He seems _(live)here for three years.5 -“You look pale.”-“I feel a little _(tire).”Complete the following sentences with correct form of the verb in the blanket.Learningto finishto becometiredto have lived
