1、SB1U5 GrammarPast Perfect Tensep Jane had just left when you rang.你打电话时简刚走。p The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war.这个国家尚未从战争的影响下恢复常态。p Had you visited the museum before?你以前参观过这个博物馆吗?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.是的,我去过。/不,我没有去过。p What had you prepared for the birthday party before ye
2、sterday?你昨天之前都为生日聚会准备了什么?肯定句肯定句主语主语had过去分词其他过去分词其他否定句否定句主语主语 hadnot过去分词其他过去分词其他一般疑问句一般疑问句Had主语过去分词其他?主语过去分词其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词had主语过去分词其他?主语过去分词其他?Summaryp By nine oclock last night,we had finished most of the work.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经完成了大部分的工作。p She had learnt about 500 English words before she went to
3、 middle school.在上中学之前,她已经学了大约500个英语单词。1表示表示在过去在过去某一时刻或某个动作某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态作或存在的状态。这个过去的时刻常用。这个过去的时刻常用by,before,until等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示,也可以通过等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示,也可以通过一个表一个表示过去的动作或上下文示过去的动作或上下文来表示。来表示。2p I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.当一辆公共汽车最终来的时候,我
4、已在车站等了30分钟。p She said she had made great progress since she came here.她说自从她来到这儿,她已经取得了很大的进步。表示表示过去某一时间之前发生过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态的动作或存在的状态一直持续一直持续到那时到那时,并可能继续下去并可能继续下去,常同由,常同由for或或since引导的表示引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。一段时间的短语或从句连用。3在含有在含有定语从句定语从句的主从复合句中,如果主从复合句叙述的的主从复合句中,如果主从复合句叙述的是是过去的事过去的事,则先发生的动作常用过去完成时。,则先发生的
5、动作常用过去完成时。p She returned the book that she had borrowed.她归还了她借的那本书The twins,who _(finish)their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.Practicehad finished4过去完成时常常用在过去完成时常常用在宾语从句宾语从句(或间接引语或间接引语)中,这时中,这时从句从句谓语谓语表示的表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作发生在主句谓语表示的表示的动作动作(过去时过去时)之前之前。p I thought that I had se
6、en him before.我觉得我以前见过他。I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _(carry)out in the past two years.Practicehad been carried5在含有时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句的在含有时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句的复合句复合句中,中,若若主从句动作的发生有先后顺序主从句动作的发生有先后顺序,动作在前动作在前的要用的要用过去完过去完成时成时,动作在后动作在后的要用的要用一般过去时一般过去时。p I had finished co
7、oking dinner before you came back.我在你回来之前就已经做好晚饭了。had arrivedPractice A few months after he _(arrive)in China,Mr.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _(start)when I arrived.had startedAttention!如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去
8、完成时,特别是在包含是在包含before和和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。用一般过去时代替过去完成时。p After he closed the door,he left the classroom.他关上门之后,就离开了教室。6want,hope,mean,plan,intend等动词的过去完成时可等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图,意以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图,意为为“本来本来
9、”。p I had hoped to be back last night,but I didnt catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的,但我没赶上火车。p We had intended to come and see you.我们本来打算来看你的。7过去完成时常用于某些固定句型:过去完成时常用于某些固定句型:在在“hardly.when/no sooner.than/scarcely.when”句型中,句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。p I had no sooner reached home than it began to
10、 rain.No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.我刚到家就开始下雨了。It was一段时间一段时间since从句从句(从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时)p It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。It was the first/second/.time(that)从句从句 (从句用过去完成时从句用过去完成时)p It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.那是我
11、第一次用英语在网上聊天。by the end of表示过去的时间句子表示过去的时间句子(过去完成时过去完成时)p By the end of last term we had learned 10 units.到上学期期末为止,我们已经学了10个单元。by the time表示过去的从句主句表示过去的从句主句(过去完成时过去完成时)p By the time I got to the station,the train had already gone.我到车站时,火车已经离开了。8过去完成时用于过去完成时用于虚拟语气虚拟语气中,在中,在wish,as if/as though,if,if o
12、nly,would rather sb.had done sth.结构或从句中,结构或从句中,常用过去完成时来表示常用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设。p If he had caught the early bus this morning,he would not have been late for class.如果他今天早上赶上了早班车,他上课就不会迟到了。p I would rather she hadnt done that.我宁愿她没做那件事。Learning tips 正确运用过去完成时的关键是要正确理解正确运用过去完成时的关键是要正确理解“过去的过去的
13、过去过去”。“过去的过去过去的过去”是一个相对的时间是一个相对的时间,即它,即它是是相对于一个过去的时间而言相对于一个过去的时间而言的。这种相对的的。这种相对的“过过去的过去去的过去”有时通过时间状语体现出来,有时则可有时通过时间状语体现出来,有时则可能是通过上下文来体现。能是通过上下文来体现。命题人通常会设置一个命题人通常会设置一个过去的背景或过去的动作过去的背景或过去的动作,然后然后在此之前又有一个动作发生在此之前又有一个动作发生,结合题干中的语,结合题干中的语境来判断两个过去的境来判断两个过去的动作发生的先后顺序动作发生的先后顺序,较早发较早发生的那个动作用过去完成时生的那个动作用过去完
14、成时。Learning tips 解题时要认真分析语境,深入情景,解题时要认真分析语境,深入情景,揣摩动作发生揣摩动作发生的顺序的顺序;重视题干所给暗示重视题干所给暗示,如,如时间副词、并列或时间副词、并列或从属连词从属连词等;善于运用时态对应规律找到提示性的等;善于运用时态对应规律找到提示性的过去的动作或时间。过去的动作或时间。浏览题干,套用浏览题干,套用固定句型固定句型来巧解考查过去完成时的来巧解考查过去完成时的题目。题目。1时间状语不同时间状语不同过去完成时在时间上过去完成时在时间上强调强调“过去的过去过去的过去”,而一般过去时强调过去而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间某一特定的时间。p
15、 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。p They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.他们昨天十点到达了车站。2在在没有明确没有明确的表示过去的的表示过去的时间状语作标志时时间状语作标志时,谓语动词,谓语动词表示的表示的动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。p She was very happy and her whole
16、family were pleased with her,too.She had just won first prize in the composition competition.她很高兴,她的所有家人也都对她感到满意。她刚刚在作文竞赛中获得了一等奖。Practice1.She asked me whether I _(return)the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.2.Researchers were puzzled over the results,which were completely opposite t
17、o what they _(expect)3.Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I _(leave)my book in the cafe.4.I _(ask)you not to move my dictionary this morningnow I cant find it.had returnedhad expectedhad leftasked5.I wish I _(be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York the
18、n.6.Emma was much disappointed to see the washing machine which she _(repair)went wrong again.7.By the time I got to school,the first play _(be)on for nearly half an hour.8.If the new safety system _(put)to use,the accident would never have happened.9.John _(plan)to make a compromise,but somehow he
19、changed his mind at the last minute.had beenhad repairedhad beenhad been puthad plannedTranslation1.她一走上舞台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。她一走上舞台,观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。2.这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。No sooner had she stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.It was the first time that I had taken part in an English speech contest.