1、第五讲特殊句式第五讲特殊句式思维导图.强调一、强调句型1.强调句型的基本结构:It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。(1)引导词的运用:当被强调部分是人,且作主语时,可用who或that,其他情况下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解,父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。(2)时态的运用:强调句中b
2、e的时态要依据原句的时态而定,即原句为过去的某种时态,则强调句中的be就用was;原句为现在的某种时态,强调句中用is。有时还可用It might be/must have been/cant be.that/who.等句式。It is Jack who loves football most in our class.我们班最喜爱足球的人是杰克。It must have been Eda who phoned yesterday.昨天一定是伊达打来的电话。(3)人称和数的运用:强调主语时,要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us ma
3、ke great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。(4)对not.until.句式的强调:It is/was not until.that句子其他部分。It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家三十分钟后才发现他把包落在了出租车上。2.强调句型的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was it被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分?Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在
4、公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗?3.强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分?When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的?名师指津 由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesnt know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。二、强调谓语动词助动词do,does或did用来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句。She did tell m
5、e her address,but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址,但我全忘了。.省略一、状语从句中的省略在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句中,若谓语部分含be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时,从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book,unless(the photographs are)stated otherwise,date from the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片,除非有说明,否则,都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。二、动词不定式的省略在主动语
6、态中,感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时,往往将不定式符号to省略;在同一句话或同一情景对话中,当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时,通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边,但是警察不允许他这样做。三、so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的
7、答句中。Do you think it will rain?I hope so/not.你认为会下雨吗?我希望下/不下。四、常用的省略结构if ever 如果有过的话if busy 如果忙的话if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话if so 如果那样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话.倒装一、部分倒装1.将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有:never,seldom,rarely,little,few,at no time,by no means,no longer,hardly/scarce
8、ly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.,not until,nowhere,neither.nor.等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。2.“only状语”置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时,你才能与别
9、人保持良好的关系。3.so/such.that.结构中的so,such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。I saw the film Wolf Warriors last week;so did she.上周我看了战狼2这部电影,她也看了。5.在as/though
10、引导的让步状语从句中,从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首,构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,其前不加冠词。Strange as it may sound,if youre unsatisfied,the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.尽管这听起来很奇怪,但是如果你不满意,问题不是缺少满足你的欲望的方法,而是你根本就没有欲望。6.“may动词原形”表示祝愿时,通常将may置于句首,构成倒装语序。May you succeed.祝你成功。二、全部倒装1.here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,on the wall,in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且主语为名词时,句子用全部倒装。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。2.有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调,将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生,还有许多别的宾客。