1、高考阅读理解应用文专题解析（一）高考阅读理解应用文专题解析（一）应用文阅读及解题技巧及实战训练高考阅读理解中的应用文高考阅读理解中的应用文概念概念：日常生活及工作中实用性文体。分类分类：叙述性应用文 （书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等）说明性应用文 （广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、摘要等）趋势趋势：取材真实生活。近几年高考真题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔出现书信类文章；且文章呈现多样性，以文字、图表、表格、地址、网址等形式呈现。应用文的特点：1、语言简练，没有废话 2、行文通常以排列式为主即以标题+小标题形式展开。3、文章目的性强且明确，信息传递直接。高考阅读理解应用文着重考察高考
2、阅读理解应用文着重考察学生用英语准确学生用英语准确提取筛选信息，并且加以整合和理解的能力。提取筛选信息，并且加以整合和理解的能力。应用文阅读方法及解题技巧：三步走Step 1.跳读跳读文章标题及每个小标题，或阅读文章首段确定本篇应用文及每个段落的写作目的（不用通读整篇文章）Step 2.做题。明确3道设问的题干意思及关键词题干意思及关键词（包括wh-等疑问词、人名、地名、时间状语等）Step 3.定位法定位法。将题干中的关键词带入原文锁定其位置（通过小标题可快速判断通过小标题可快速判断）。将关键词所在句、所在段落的细节描述与4个选项比对比对，得出答案。（做标记做标记）。Train Inform
3、ationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections bet
4、ween trains or between train services and bus services.Lost property（失物招领）（失物招领）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.公告：火车站信息公告：火车站信息
5、21C22BPublic holidays On public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certain major event days，i.e.Australia Day,Anzac Day,sporting and cultural days,special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit .au or call
6、 TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance,please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.节假日排班节假日排班使用通讯设备的乘客使用通讯设备的乘客21.What would you do get ticker information?A.Call 13 16 17.B.Visi
7、t .au.C.Ask at the local station.D.Check the train schedule.22.At which station can you find the lost property office?A.Altandi B.Roma Street C.Varsity Lakes D.Fortitude Valley23.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A.6:42 pm.B.7:29 pm.C.8:57 pm.D.11:02 pm.23B高考A篇应用文常规设
8、置3道题，题目类型多为细节理解题。此类题型属于客观题。题干及选项皆出自原文。简单题目选项描述与原文一致；进阶题目选项与原文会出现近义词/词组/句式的替换。且从2020年全国I卷A篇实例来看，共300字左右的文章中，大部分内容是无效信息，所以遵循3步做题法，既可保证做题速度，又可提高正确率。高考阅读理解应用文真题实战训练Passage 1.2019 全国卷I A篇Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to$3,000 to start and
9、 run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible:Students aged 15-29,returning to school in the fall.21.What is special about Summer Company?A.It requires no training before employment.B.It provides awards for running new businesses.C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.D.It offers more
10、 summer job opportunities.21B招聘类广告招聘类广告Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 thi
11、s year.22.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17.22DSummer Employment Opportunities(机会机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,
12、its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.23.Which program favors the disabled?A.Jobs for Youth.B.Summer Company.C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D.Summer Employment O
13、pportunities.这道题原文与题干这道题原文与题干的描述就略微不同，的描述就略微不同，涉及了同一个单词涉及了同一个单词不同词性的转换。不同词性的转换。23DPassage 2.2018 全国卷I A篇Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a histo
14、ry lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availabilitythe cherry blossomsdisappear!21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Wa
15、shington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.本题属于进阶类型题，本题属于进阶类型题，题干中题干中book v.表预定表预定的意思，而原文中的意思，而原文中reserve v.预定座位、预定座位、保留。两者属于近义词保留。两者属于近义词替换，若学生词汇量不替换，若学生词汇量不够，本题极容易出错。够，本题极容易出错。且且before availability=in advance 提前，提前，预先预先21A旅游广告旅游广告Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,D.C.Duration
16、:3 hours Morning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most,interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable
17、bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.22D细节理解题中若某选项未在原文中找到对应表达，则该选项细节理解题中若某选项未在原文中找到对应表达，则该选项属于文章未提及信息，无法判断
18、正误，故一定是错误选项。属于文章未提及信息，无法判断正误，故一定是错误选项。Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National M
19、all.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals D.Safe
20、ty lights23DPassage 3.2016 全国卷I A篇Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank Addans helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931,
21、Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.人物摘要人物摘要题干中题干中be noted for“以以.著称著称”，若积累不够则无法，若积累不够则无法准确判断设问的目的，导致出错。准确判断设问的目的，导致出错。21ASandra
22、 Day OConnor(1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in 1981,the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote
23、in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.22.What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.because题干中为题干中为OConnor被律所拒绝，被律所
24、拒绝，而原文中为在律所中找不到工而原文中为在律所中找不到工作。意思一致但表述不同。作。意思一致但表述不同。discrimination n.歧视歧视但通过关键词但通过关键词against women也可判断出答案。也可判断出答案。22CRosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also se
25、t off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,”said Parks.23.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.23
26、D24.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.题干中题干中infer v.推断，推测推断，推测。所以此题属于。所以此题属于推理判断题推理判断题。做题方法遵从：。做题方法遵从：从原文中已知信息合情合理推测未知从原文中已知信息合情合理推测未知。Jane Addams(1860-1935)In 1931,Addams became th
27、e first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in 1981,the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.Homework完成卷子上剩余的应用文阅读理解
