1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors . 阅读理解 A How Did the Ancient Chinese Keep Food Warm in Winter? Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times kee
2、p food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties. “Wen Ding” ， ancient rice cooker One of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding” ， an ancient cooking
3、container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal. The “Wen Ding” unearthed in N anjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age. The craftsman
4、ship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from Shang and Zhou dynasties took on different shapes and structures. “Ran Lu” ， ancient small hot pot The “Ran Lu” is a small size cooking vessel( 器皿 ) made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal s
5、tove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessels structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period(475 221 BC) Bronze You,
6、ancient kettle The Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening where charcoal could be placed. Just as people
7、 today cant do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink. Bronze Yan, ancient steamer Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning process produced pollution. As a result, the 【 精品教育资源文库 】 Br
8、onze Yan was made with a two tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty(25 AD 220 AD), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern day steamer. 语篇导读 本文为说明文，介绍了中国古代用来保温食物 的四种器皿。 1 When did the “Ran Lu” become popular? A In the Zhou Dynasty. B In
9、 the Warring States Period. C In the Eastern Han Dynasty. D In the Stone Age. 解析 B 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 Ran Lu 可定位至原文 “Ran Lu” ， ancient small hot pot 部分，根据该部分最后一句 .became popular in the Warring States Period(475 221 BC)可知，染炉在战国时期非常受欢迎，故选 B 项。 2 The Bronze You, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening
10、 to_. A store wine B pour water C place charcoal D hold charcoal ashes 解析 C 细节理解题。根据 Bronze You, ancient kettle 部分的第三句可知，铜卣有一个可放置木炭 的开口，故选 C 项。 3 What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan? A It is warm. B It is convenient. C It is environment friendly. D It is useful. 解析 C 细节理解题。根据 Bronze Yan,
11、ancient steamer 部分中的第一、二句可知，铜 甗 的优点是更为环保 ，故选 C 项。 4 Among the following products, which one may have the longest history? A The “Wen Ding”. B The “Ran Lu” C The Bronze You. D The Bronze Yan. 解析 A 细节理解题。根据 “Wen Ding” ， ancient rice cooker 部分第二段第一句可知，温鼎的历史最为悠久，故选 A 项。 B “Heaven is where the police are
12、 English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians.” Obviously the national
13、stereotypes(模 式化的 思想 ) in this old joke are 【 精品教育资源文库 】 generalizations, but such stereotypes are often said to “exist for a reason”. Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says. “National and cultural stereotypes do play an import ant role in h
14、ow people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing， ” said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. “These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They dont come from looking around you， ” McCrae said. If national stereotypes arent r
15、ooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the O
16、ld West. Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed. We may
17、be “ hard wired” ， to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather t
18、han typical national or cultural groups. 语篇导读 本文为议论文。国民刻板印象是明显存在的，例如 英国的警察是最好的，法国的厨师是最好的，德国的机器是最好的，意大利人是浪漫的，瑞士人是最有秩序的 ?这些模式化思想的存在都是有原因的，然而这些真的是事实吗？ 5 What is the function of the first paragraph? A To introduce the topic of national stereotypes. B To make a comparison between the characters of differ
19、ent countries. C To exemplify the argument against stereotyping. D To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of people in different countries. 解析 A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的 old joke 指代的就是第一段的内容可知，第一段中展示的一些关于英国、法国、德国、意大利和瑞士的国民刻板印象，是为了引出national stereotypes 这个主题，故选 A 项。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 6 Which of the following be
20、st describes McCraes attitude towards national stereotypes? A Supportive. B Indifferent. C Critical. D Uncertain. 解析 C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，麦凯里对 national stereotypes 并不是完全赞同且认为它不是那么可靠。 supportive 支持的； indifferent 不关心的，中立的； critical批判的； uncertain 不确定的，故选 C 项。 7 According to social scientists, why arent nati
21、onal stereotypes always correct? A Because they are formed by individual historians. B Because people tend to have false idea about other cultures. C Because generalizations are made through personal experience. D Because what was true in the past may not be true at present. 解析 D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，
22、一些刻板印象可能在某一历史节点上是正确的，但是后来这些刻板印象没有改变，文化习俗却改变了，故选 D 项。 8 What does the underlined word “hard wired” in the last paragraph probably mean? A Forgetful. B Fixed. C Anxious. D Helpless. 解析 B 词义猜测题。末段首句句意：我们在某一程度上固化地保持着一些错误的刻板印象，因为我们很少去注意那些和我们刻板印象不一样的信息。 forgetful 健忘的，疏忽的；hard wired 固有的，根深蒂固的； fixed 固定的； a
23、nxious 焦虑的，担忧的； helpless 无助的，故选 B 项。 . 语法填空 There are two leaders in the calligraphy trend during the Tang dynasty, Chu Suiliang 1.and Yan Zhenqing. In the early years of the Tang dynasty, there were four famous calligraphers: Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, 2.in order of their ages. Chu Suiliang (596 658) was once an official of the imperial court, and wrote the draft dec
