1、组胚学英文版课件Cardiovascular System-Digestive system:nDigestive tract nDigestive gland1.Components of digestive tract-oral cavity -pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine2.General structure of digestive tractmucosa,submucosa,muscularis externa,adventitia1)mucosa -epithelium:n stratified
2、squamous epi.n simple columnar epi-lamina propria:LCT-compact CT:contain more cells and fibernBV,LV-capillariesnLymphoid Tnglands:structures formed by invagination of epi.into lamina propria-muscularis mucosa:a thin layer of SM2)submucosa:more dense CTnsmall artery and vein,LVnglands(esophagus and d
3、uodenum)nsubmucosa N plexus:-multipolar N -unmyelinated NF -function:regulate the contract of SM and secreting of gland*Plica:projection of mucosa and submucosaPlicamucosa&submucos 3)muscularis externan smooth musclen skeletal musclen inner circular and outer longitudinal*Nerve plexus:regulate the m
4、ovement of M 4)adventitia:CTn serosa:CT+mesotheliumn fibrosa:LCTNerve plexus between layers of muscularis ncell body of nerve cellsserosafibrosa3.Esophagus 1)mucosa:nepithelium:stratified squamous epi.nlamina propria:compact CTnmuscularis mucosa:longitudinal arranged SM 2)submucosa:n LCTn esophageal
5、 gland:mucous gland 3)muscularis:ninner circular and outer longitudinalnupper 1/3:skeletal musclenmiddle 1/3:mixed of skeletal M and smooth musclenlower 1/3:smooth muscle 4)adventitia:fibrosaCross sectionHE Slide：mucosa&submucosBarrett Esophagus is a chronic complication of gastroesophageal reflux d
6、isease(GERD),characterized by metaplasia of the stratified squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus into a specialized glandular epithelium with goblet cells.And the inflammatory cells(mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells)are infiltrating the connective tissue.Esophageal Carcinoma is a malignant ne
7、oplasm that stems from the epithelial cells lining the inner surface of the esophagus.Worldwide,squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of esophageal.Pathological changes include ulcerations,exophytic masses,and thickening and narrowing of the lumen.This photomicrograph shows a moderately di
8、fferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with focal keratin production in the center,called a keratin pearl.4.Stomach-dilated part-store food temporarily-digest protein primarily-absorb part of water and ionsGeneral structureStomachMucosa：-plica-longitudinal-shallow ditch-gastric area(2-6mm)-gastric pit
9、-small depressions Stomachepithelium:simple columnar episurface mucous cell:-tall columnar-N ovoid,basally-located-mucinogen granule-tight junction-high HCO3-undissolved mucus Stomachlamina propria:CT contains fibroblast,LC,plasma cell,mast cell and eosinophil,SM gastric gland(fundic gland)-oxyntic
10、gland cardiac gland:mucous gland pyloric gland:mucous glandparietal cell-LM:large,pyramidal or spherical/round centrally-located nucleus/eosinophilic cytoplasmEM:n intracellular s e c r e t o r y canaliculus-invaginationsn tubulovesicular systemn mitochondria-function:i.secret hydrochloric acid(HCl)
11、-synthesis processes of HCl:in intracellular secretory canaliculusnH+K+-ATP pump:get H+from cellnCl-channel:get Cl-from bloodnH+Cl-HCl(intracellular secretort canaliculi)-function of HCl:n HCl pepsinogenpepsinnkill the bacterium ii.secret intrinsic factor-glycoprotein+VB12absorption of VB12 a.chief
12、cell or zymogenic cell-structure:LM:ncolumnar nRound,basally-located Nucleusncytoplasm:/basal-basophilic /apical-zymogen granulesEM:RER,Golgi apparatus-f u n c t i o n:s e c r e t pepsinogenc.mucous neck cellnless,neck partncolumnar nflattened,basally-located Nnpale stain in HE staind.stem cell:undi
13、fferentiated celle.endocrine cell n ECL cell:secreting histamine,promote secretion of parietal celln D cell:secreting somatostatin,inhibit the secretion of parietal celln1.chief celln2.parietal cell n3.mucous neck cell Muscularis mucosa:inner circular and outer longitudinal arranged SM2)submucosa:CT
14、 with BV,LV,N and fat cell3)muscularis:thickerninner obliquenmiddle circularnouter longitudinal4)advantitia:serosaGastric Ulcer(Peptic Ulcer)are chronic mucosal lesions that occur in the gastro-intestinal tract.Morphologically,peptic ulcers are usually small,round to oval in shape,less than 4 cm in
15、diameter with well defined margins without elevation,and have a clean,smooth base.This image shows the transition from gastric mucosa to ulcer,showing a fibrinopurulent surface with underlying granulation tissue.The gastric mucosa shows chronic gastritis with plasma cells within the lamina propria a
16、nd intestinal metaplasia(note the goblet cells).5.Small intestine -duodenum -jejunum -ileumSEM for villusPlica Villus Microvillius Cell coat 1)Mucosa -circular plica -intestinal villus -small intestinal glandepithelium:-absorptive cell:n microvilli:striated-border -1-1.4um long,80nm in D,2000-3000 -
17、enlarge the surface area to 30 timesn cell coat:-0.1-0.5um -enzymes:trypsinogen,amylase-glucose and proteinn enzymes-adiposen SER-goblet celllamina propria:CT(LC,macrophage,plasma cell and eosinophil and mast cell)a.villus:is the projection of epithelium and lamina proprian epithelium:absorptive cel
18、l,goblet cell and endocrine celln lamina propria:CT with central lacteal,fenestrated cap.and SMStriated border¢ral lacteal*b.small intestinal gland:is the invagination of epi.into proprian absorptive celln goblet celln endocrine celln stem celln Peneth cell Peneth cell:LM:-pyramidal,basally-loca
19、ted,in groups-apical:acidophilic G-contain defensin(cryptdin),LysozymeEM:-protein-secreting cell featureFunction:related to immune functionPeneth cellmuscularis mucosa:SM inner circular and outer longitudinal 2)submucosa:CTnLarge BV and LVnduodenal gland:mucous gland-secreting epidermal growth facto
20、r,promote the epithelial cell proliferation of small intestine 3)muscularis:SM,inner circular and outer longitudinal 4)adventitia:serosa and less fibrosaPeptic Duodenitis is an inflammatory process caused by chronic exposure of the duodenal mucosa to increased levels of gastric acid and is usually f
21、ound in the first portion of the duodenum,the duodenal bulb.This photomicrograph shows duodenal mucosa with complete replacement of the normal epithelium with goblet cells by gastric foveolar epithelium.Note the widened,distorted villi and increased inflammatory cells within the lamina propria.6.Lar
22、ge intestine-absorb water and ions-structure feature:a.no villus and no circular plica b.well-developed large intestinal gland c.contain more goblet cells d.taeniae coli:longitudinal bunds bag coliColorectal Cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the colon or the rectum.Adenocarcinoma is the most common
23、type of colon cancer(98%of cases.Presenting symptoms may be a change in bowel habits due to bowel obstruction,blood in the stool,or iron deficiency anemia.This photomicrograph shows a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon infiltrating the muscularis propria.Crohn Disease a chronic au
24、toimmune inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that may affect any location,from the oral cavity to the anus,but mostly involves the distal small intestine and colon.This image shows colonic mucosa with depletion of goblet cells,noncaseating granulomas within the lamina propria,chronic
25、inflamma-tion,and neutrophils invading the crypt cells.Comparative of different part of digestive tract AppendixFewer and shorter intestinal glands and more lymph tissueGastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue(GALT)nM:macrophage;MC:microfold;PC:plasma cellEndocrine cellLocation：present between the epithelial lining and glands Types:Open、ClosedDigestive Tract ReviewnThe general structure of digestive tractnHistology of the esophagusnThe microstructure of stomachnThe small intestinal glands and microvillus
