1、Unit 1 Grammar 动词不定式的用法 1. These styles can _ suit individual tastes. 这些式样可以修改，以适应个人不同品位。这些式样可以修改，以适应个人不同品位。 2. The new students are very slow to _ the rules. 新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。 3. This novel _ for a film. 这部小说已改编成电影。这部小说已改编成电影。 be adapted to adapt to has been adapt
2、ed Complete the sentences. 2. adapt vt. （使）适合，适应；改编（使）适合，适应；改编 She adapted herself quickly to her new job. Two of her novels have been adapted for television. The machine has been specially adapted for use by disabled people. adapt for 使适合于使适合于 为为改写改写/改编改编 adapt from 根据根据改
3、写改写/改编改编 adapt sth. / sb. to 使使适应适应/习惯于习惯于 词义辨析：词义辨析：adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match adapt: 指修改或改变以适应新条件指修改或改变以适应新条件 adjust: 多指“调整，调节”使之适应多指“调整，调节”使之适应 fit: 多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合” suit: 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、 情况”情况” match: 指“大小、色调、形状、性质”指“大小、色调、形状、性质” 等相配或相称等相配或相称 Fill in the b
4、lanks with suit, fit , match, adapt or adjust. You cant see through the telescope until it is _ to your eyes. The shoes _ me well. A red jacket doesnt _ green trousers. No dish _ all tastes. You should _ yourself to the new environment. adjusted fit match suits adapt 3. annoy vt. 使烦恼使烦恼/生气生气 T
5、hese flies are annoying me. It annoys me when people forget to say thank you. annoyed adj. 烦闷的烦闷的 annoying adj. 恼人的恼人的, 讨厌的讨厌的 I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me. I like her even though she can be annoying. 4. all in all = on the whole, in all 总而言之总而言之 All in al
6、l, we had a good time during the winter vacation. 辨析辨析： in all above all after all 总共，总而言之总共，总而言之 尤其是，重要的是尤其是，重要的是 毕竟毕竟 5. make fun of = make a fool / fools of sb., play a joke on sb. 取笑取笑 Its bad manners to make fun of disabled people. 辨析：辨析： laugh at sb. play a trick on sb. 嘲笑嘲笑 捉弄捉弄
7、6. out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气 相关短语：相关短语： hold ones breath lose ones breath catch ones breath get ones breath below / under ones breath 屏息屏息 喘不过气来；呼吸困难喘不过气来；呼吸困难 歇口气歇口气 喘过气来喘过气来 小声地小声地 7. absence: n. 缺席缺席; 缺乏缺乏 What was the real reason for your absence? Please look after my house du
8、ring my absence. We are in the absence of experience. The absence of color in that drawing makes it dull. in ones absence 在某人不在的时候在某人不在的时候 in the absence of 缺乏缺乏；当；当不在时不在时 1.After _he found the lessons difficult. 长时间没到校之后，他感到功课吃力。长时间没到校之后，他感到功课吃力。 2. It happened _. &nb
9、sp;这事发生在我没在的时候。这事发生在我没在的时候。 3. _caused the plants to die. 缺少雨水，这些植物枯死了。缺少雨水，这些植物枯死了。 4._ _, he had to quit the plan. 没有任何鼓励和支持，他只好放弃计划。没有任何鼓励和支持，他只好放弃计划。 a long absence from school in my absence Absence of rain In the absence of any encouragement and support Complete the sentences. Tran
10、slate the sentences into English. 1. 他适应了伦敦寒冷的天气。他适应了伦敦寒冷的天气。 2. 良好的饮食对健康有益。良好的饮食对健康有益。 3. 取笑残疾人是很不好的事。取笑残疾人是很不好的事。 4. 他总来打扰我们，这使我很生气。他总来打扰我们，这使我很生气。 5. 总的来说，他的健康状况大大好转。总的来说，他的健康状况大大好转。 1. He has adapted to the cold weather in London. 2. A good diet is beneficial to health. 3. Its not good to make f
11、un of disabled people. 4. I am annoyed with him because he kept interrupting us. 5. All in all, his condition is greatly improved. Keys: Discovering useful words and expressions Fill in the table below. You can use the dictionary to help you. Noun Adjective suitability benefit annoyance
12、 ambitious absent ambition absence suitable beneficial annoyed/annoying Noun Adjective clumsiness firmness noise psychology encouraging clumsy firm noisy psychological encouragement Complete this passage using the words below. (P. 4) in many ways sit around made fun of adapt to out of bre
13、ath All in all cutting out In other words Answer keys for Exercise 3: Revising useful structures - Infinitives 一.一.结构结构 : to do / not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式 完成进行式完成进行式 不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have be
14、en done to have been doing - - (1).They pretended not to see us. (2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before. (一般式一般式表示与谓语动作同时表示与谓语动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在它之后发生在它之后.) (在谓语在谓语动作动作发生的同时发生的同时,不定式的动作也不定式的动作也正在进行正在进行) (完成式完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).W
15、ere happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式完成进行式表示在谓语动作发生之前表示在谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动不定式的动 作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) 1. 作主语作主语 2. 作宾语作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 4. 作定语作定语 5. 作状语作状语 6. 作表语作表语 7. 作独立成分作独立成分 8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用 三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能 To see is to believe. Its important to learn a foreign language. (1).
16、 主语主语 不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作作 形式主语形式主语. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. (2). 表语表语 常跟在系动词后面，作表语常跟在系动词后面，作表语 I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. (3) 宾语宾语 think/ consider/ find it + adj.
17、 to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:ask, agree, afford, choose, decide, determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage, The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. (4). 宾补宾补 五看五看 watch see l
18、ook at observe notice 三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear 一感觉一感觉 feel warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等 +sb to do sth +sb. do sth. I made him do his work. He was made to do his work (by me). 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时，如果后时，如果 这些介词前有行为动词这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介的各种形式，那么
19、介 词后的不定式不带词后的不定式不带to，相反则带，相反则带to。 (1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3). What do you like to do besides sleep. I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. (5).定语定语 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则
20、不定式中要有介词。 请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔. Please give me a pen to write with. 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后 面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。 I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train. (6) 状语状语 常充当原因、结果、目的状语等。常充当原因、结果、目的状语等。 I hurried to the station to see Tom off, only to find he had a
21、lready left. (7). 独立结构独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. (全国全国I卷卷) 26. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. A.
22、 to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being (湖南卷湖南卷) 30. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete (陕西卷陕西卷)14. _ around t
23、he Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show B D B (北京卷北京卷) 31. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to fi
24、nd B. find C. to finding D. finding (上海卷上海卷) 33. If there is a lot of work _, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing A A 1. Revise the language points and grammar focus in Reading pa
25、ssage. 2. Finish exercises 1-5 on page 5. 3. Finish exercises on page 48-49 in workbook. Homework Unit 1 Language points Match the words or expressions with their meanings. adapt annoyed stupid slightly angry slow to learn or understand things; not clever make fit for, or change to suit a new
26、purpose outgoing clumsy absence moving or doing things in a very awkward way the state of being absent; failure to be present at ease in talking to others out of breath in other words make fun of all in all make a fool/ fools of short of breath that is to say on the whole 1.
27、beneficial adj. 有利的，有益的有利的，有益的 be beneficial to sth. / sb. 有益于有益于 Fresh air is beneficial to our health. It's a beneficial result to us. It would be beneficial to chat in English often. benefit n. This project is of great benefit to everyone. Give up smoking is for
28、 the benefit of your health. benefit vt./vi. We benefit from daily exercise. The rapid development of science benefits the whole world. A benefit B B benefit from / by A 1. These styles can _ suit individual tastes. 这些式样可以修改，以适应个人不同品位。这些式样可以修改，以适应个人不同品位。 2. The new students
29、are very slow to _ the rules. 新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。 3. This novel _ for a film. 这部小说已改编成电影。这部小说已改编成电影。 be adapted to adapt to has been adapted Complete the sentences. 2. adapt vt. （使）适合，适应；改编（使）适合，适应；改编 She adapted herself quickly to her new job. Two of her novels have been
30、adapted for television. The machine has been specially adapted for use by disabled people. adapt for 使适合于使适合于 为为改写改写/改编改编 adapt from 根据根据改写改写/改编改编 adapt sth. / sb. to 使使适应适应/习惯于习惯于 词义辨析：词义辨析：adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match adapt: 指修改或改变以适应新条件指修改或改变以适应新条件 adjust: 多指“调
31、整，调节”使之适应多指“调整，调节”使之适应 fit: 多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合” suit: 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、 情况”情况” match: 指“大小、色调、形状、性质”指“大小、色调、形状、性质” 等相配或相称等相配或相称 Fill in the blanks with suit, fit , match, adapt or adjust. You cant see through the telescope until it is _ to your eyes. The shoes _ me well. A re
32、d jacket doesnt _ green trousers. No dish _ all tastes. You should _ yourself to the new environment. adjusted fit match suits adapt 3. annoy vt. 使烦恼使烦恼/生气生气 These flies are annoying me. It annoys me when people forget to say thank you. annoyed adj. 烦闷的烦闷的 annoying adj. 恼人的恼人
33、的, 讨厌的讨厌的 I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me. I like her even though she can be annoying. 4. all in all = on the whole, in all 总而言之总而言之 All in all, we had a good time during the winter vacation. 辨析辨析： in all above all after all 总共，总而言之总共，总而言之 尤其是，重要的是尤其是，重要的是 毕竟毕竟 5. make fun of
34、= make a fool / fools of sb., play a joke on sb. 取笑取笑 Its bad manners to make fun of disabled people. 辨析：辨析： laugh at sb. play a trick on sb. 嘲笑嘲笑 捉弄捉弄 6. out of breath 上气不接下气上气不接下气 相关短语：相关短语： hold ones breath lose ones breath catch ones breath get ones breath below / under
35、ones breath 屏息屏息 喘不过气来；呼吸困难喘不过气来；呼吸困难 歇口气歇口气 喘过气来喘过气来 小声地小声地 7. absence: n. 缺席缺席; 缺乏缺乏 What was the real reason for your absence? Please look after my house during my absence. We are in the absence of experience. The absence of color in that drawing makes it dull. in ones abs
36、ence 在某人不在的时候在某人不在的时候 in the absence of 缺乏缺乏；当；当不在时不在时 1.After _he found the lessons difficult. 长时间没到校之后，他感到功课吃力。长时间没到校之后，他感到功课吃力。 2. It happened _. 这事发生在我没在的时候。这事发生在我没在的时候。 3. _caused the plants to die. 缺少雨水，这些植物枯死了。缺少雨水，这些植物枯死了。 4._ _, he had to quit the plan. 没有任何鼓
37、励和支持，他只好放弃计划。没有任何鼓励和支持，他只好放弃计划。 a long absence from school in my absence Absence of rain In the absence of any encouragement and support Complete the sentences. Translate the sentences into English. 1. 他适应了伦敦寒冷的天气。他适应了伦敦寒冷的天气。 2. 良好的饮食对健康有益。良好的饮食对健康有益。 3. 取笑残疾人是很不好的事。取笑残疾人是很不好的事。 4. 他总来打扰我们，这使我很生气。他
38、总来打扰我们，这使我很生气。 5. 总的来说，他的健康状况大大好转。总的来说，他的健康状况大大好转。 1. He has adapted to the cold weather in London. 2. A good diet is beneficial to health. 3. Its not good to make fun of disabled people. 4. I am annoyed with him because he kept interrupting us. 5. All in all, his condition is greatly improved
39、. Keys: Discovering useful words and expressions Fill in the table below. You can use the dictionary to help you. Noun Adjective suitability benefit annoyance ambitious absent ambition absence suitable beneficial annoyed/annoying Noun Adjective clumsiness firmness noise psychology
40、encouraging clumsy firm noisy psychological encouragement Complete this passage using the words below. (P. 4) in many ways sit around made fun of adapt to out of breath All in all cutting out In other words Answer keys for Exercise 3: Do you know where Mount Kilimanjaro is? Kilimanjaro is the highes
41、t mountain in Africa and the tallest freestanding mountain known to man. It is a mountain where you can hike for more than 90 kilometers, gain 4, 000 meters in altitude, traverse rain forest, moorland, alpine desert, snow fields and ice cliffs, all virtually on the equator! A truly unforgettab
42、le and fascinating adventure. What kind of difficulty do you think weak-sighted or blind people would have climbing a mountain? walk over rough ground be too close to the edge of something dangerous have difficulties putting up the tents could only listen to their sighted companions in
43、structions In what ways do you think the sighted climbers helped them? act as their eyes walk beside them and give instructions may lead them by the hand help them put up the tents and have food Barry Minto has just made a successful climb of Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa. Listen to him being intervie
44、wed on the radio and write down why Barry and his team did the climb and why Joan, the interviewer, describes Barry's plan for next climbing as “amazing“. Barry and his team wanted to _ _ _ prove that they could achieve whatever they decided to do and at the same time raise money for people with
45、 weak sight. Joan thinks Barry's plan is amazing because _ _ after climbing one difficult mountain he wants to climb an even more difficult one. Interview with Barry Minto Age of the weak-sighted and blind climbers _ Age of the sighted companions _ Height of Mount Kilimanjaro _ Number in t
46、he disabled group_ Number of the disabled who reached the top of mountain _ Listen to the interview again and complete the notes below. 16-19 years old 25-45 years old 5,900 meters twelve nine Number in the sighted group_ Number of the sighted who reached the top_ Number of the days to c
47、limb the mountain _ Number of the days to come down the mountain _ fifteen seven 5 days 2 days Discussion Discuss in pairs. In what ways do you think the sighted climbers gave to their weak- sighted or blind companions? Do you think the weak-sighted or blind climbers could have cli
48、mbed the mountain without them? Listen to the latter part of Barrys story where the interview congratulates Barry and wishes him future success, then complete the sentences. Well done Five days two full of companions Amazing every success in the future what do you plan to do next Answer keys:
49、 In pairs make a short dialogue in which you offer congratulations and best wishes to your partner. First read the situations on Page 7 and choose one of them. Pair-work Situation 1: Student A has just passed his/her final exam. A: This letter has just arrived. Its about my exam. B: Well, open it. A: It says Ive passed. B: Congratulations! Thats wonderful. Situation 2: Student B has just started a new job. A: Your mother told me you have just started a new job. B: Yes. Im working at the television station now. A: Really? Thats great!
