1、2021版高考英语一轮复习语法动词的时态和语态课件新人教版语法精讲语法精讲跟踪训练跟踪训练语法精讲语法精讲 细筛选细筛选巧拓展巧拓展一、动词的时态一、动词的时态考点一一般现在时考点一一般现在时1.1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常有表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常有often,usually,often,usually,every day every day 等时间状语。等时间状语。He always goes to school by bus.He always goes to school by bus.他经常坐公交车去上学。他经常坐公交车去上学。Hi
2、s father is a worker and doesn His father is a worker and doesnt smoke.t smoke.他父亲是一名工人他父亲是一名工人,不吸烟。不吸烟。2.2.表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象,无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。We learnt that the earth moves around the sun.We learnt that the earth moves around the sun.我们了解了地球绕着太阳转。我们了解了地球绕着太阳转。3.3.在
3、时间状语从句和条件状语从句中在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。用一般现在时代替将来时。My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来看我。我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来看我。4.4.表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作,但限于少数动词。如但限于少数动词。如begin,come,leave,
4、begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close 等。等。The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.每周三和周五航每周三和周五航 班两点三十分起飞。班两点三十分起飞。考点二一般过去时考点二一般过去时1.1.表示过去的事情、动作或状态表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间
5、状语连用常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境或上下文语境 有暗示有暗示)。At that time,he worked as a teacher to support the family.At that time,he worked as a teacher to support the family.那段时那段时 间他靠教书养家。间他靠教书养家。2.2.用于表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作。用于表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作。Michael Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made s father a
6、lways helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.everyone happier.迈克尔的父亲总是帮助穷人迈克尔的父亲总是帮助穷人,因为他觉得这样让大家都更因为他觉得这样让大家都更 开心。开心。3.3.有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是但实际上是“刚才刚才,刚刚刚刚”发生发生,应使用应使用 一般过去时。一般过去时。I didn I didnt know you were here.t know you were here.我不知道你在这里。我不知道你在这里。Sorry,I forg
7、ot to bring your book.Sorry,I forgot to bring your book.很抱歉很抱歉,我忘记带你的书来了。我忘记带你的书来了。4.4.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。He said that he would not go if it rained.He said that he would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不走了。他说如果下雨他就不走了。考点三一般将来时考点三一般将来时1.will1.willshallshall(1)(1)表示将
8、来发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。He will travel around Europe this summer.He will travel around Europe this summer.今年夏天他将环游欧洲。今年夏天他将环游欧洲。(2)(2)表示临时性的决定。表示临时性的决定。Tom is ill and now in hospital.Tom is ill and now in hospital.汤姆生病住院了。汤姆生病住院了。Really?I Really?Ill see him.ll see him.真的真的?我要去看看他。我要去看看他。2.be go
9、ing to2.be going to(1)(1)表示按计划、打算做某事。计划可能用时较长表示按计划、打算做某事。计划可能用时较长,计划得比较正式、周密。计划得比较正式、周密。He is going to make a speech on TV this evening.He is going to make a speech on TV this evening.他今晚将在电视上发表演讲。他今晚将在电视上发表演讲。(2)(2)表示根据现在的迹象表示根据现在的迹象,对未来进行推测。对未来进行推测。Look at the dark clouds.It Look at the dark cloud
10、s.Its going to rain.s going to rain.看这乌云看这乌云,要下雨了。要下雨了。3.be about to3.be about to 表示瞬间的将来表示瞬间的将来(不与具体的时间状语连用不与具体的时间状语连用)。The train is about to start.The train is about to start.火车就要发车了。火车就要发车了。特别提示特别提示 与并列连词与并列连词whenwhen连用连用,表示表示“正打算正打算,这时这时”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.I was about
11、 to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出门我正要出门,这时电话响了。这时电话响了。4.be to do4.be to do表示事先商定、安排确定要做的事情表示事先商定、安排确定要做的事情,尤其强调责任、义务等。尤其强调责任、义务等。As a citizen,you are to report it to the police.As a citizen,you are to report it to the police.作为一个公民作为一个公民,你有责任向警方汇报此事。你有责任向警方汇报此事。考点四现在进行时考点四现在进行时1.1.表示说话时正在进行的动作
12、或存在的状态表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态;表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存 在的状态。在的状态。Hurry up!We Hurry up!Were all waiting for you.re all waiting for you.快点快点!我们都等着你呢。我们都等着你呢。He is working in a factory these days.He is working in a factory these days.这些日子他在一家工厂工作。这些日子他在一家工厂工作。2.2.表示近期特定的安排或计划。表示近期特定的安排或计划。I am meeting M
13、r.Wang tonight.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.我今晚要会见王先生。我今晚要会见王先生。3.3.严格按照时间表发生的表严格按照时间表发生的表“起、止起、止”动作的动词或表位置转移的动词可用进动作的动词或表位置转移的动词可用进 行时代替将来时。这样的动词有行时代替将来时。这样的动词有go,come,start,leave,open,arrive,begin,go,come,start,leave,open,arrive,begin,return return等。等。Tom is arriving in a few hours.Tom is arriving
14、 in a few hours.再过几个小时汤姆就到了。再过几个小时汤姆就到了。考点五过去进行时考点五过去进行时1.1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在过去某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在过去某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。Did you catch what I said?Did you catch what I said?你听见我说的话了吗你听见我说的话了吗?Sorry.I was answering a text message just now.Sorry.I was answering a text message just now.对不起对不起,
15、我刚才在回短信。我刚才在回短信。I was having a meeting this time yesterday.I was having a meeting this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我正在开会呢。昨天这个时候我正在开会呢。2.2.过去的某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行过去的某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行,其中的持续性动作用过去进行时其中的持续性动作用过去进行时,短暂短暂 性动作用一般过去时。性动作用一般过去时。I was having dinner when you phoned.I was having dinner when you phoned.你打电话时
16、我正在吃饭。你打电话时我正在吃饭。考点六将来进行时考点六将来进行时表示将来某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。将来进行时常与一些表示将来某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用标志性的时间状语连用,这些常见的标志性状语有这些常见的标志性状语有at this time tomorrow,at this time tomorrow,from 1:30 to 4:30 the day after tomorrowfrom 1:30 to 4:30 the day after tomorrow等。等。I Ill be flying to Beijing a
17、t two oll be flying to Beijing at two oclock this afternoon.clock this afternoon.今天下午两点钟我将正飞往北京。今天下午两点钟我将正飞往北京。考点七现在完成时考点七现在完成时现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用:so far,recently,lately,once:so far,recently,lately,oncetwicetwicethree.three.times,before,ever,by now,in the lasttimes,before,ever,by now,in t
18、he lastpast few years,over a long time,up to past few years,over a long time,up to now,yet,already,just,sincenow,yet,already,just,since。现在完成时主要用于以下几种情况。现在完成时主要用于以下几种情况:1.1.表示过去已经发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。表示过去已经发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。I have known the answer now.I have known the answer now.我现在已经知道答案了。我现在已经知道答案了。
19、2.2.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,也可能持续下去的动作或状态。也可能持续下去的动作或状态。He has worked here for over 20 years.He has worked here for over 20 years.他已经在这儿工作他已经在这儿工作2020多年了。多年了。They have been good friends since they met at a meeting.They have been good friends since they met at a meeting.他们自从在一次会议上相遇就成了好朋
20、友。他们自从在一次会议上相遇就成了好朋友。3.3.下列句型中常用现在完成时。下列句型中常用现在完成时。(1)It is(has been)+(1)It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间+since+since 从句从句This(ThatThis(ThatIt)is the first(second.)time+thatIt)is the first(second.)time+that从句从句(从句用现在完成时从句用现在完成时)This(ThatThis(ThatIt)is the bestIt)is the bestfinestfinestmost interesting.+that
21、most interesting.+that从句从句(从句用从句用现在完成时现在完成时)ItIts sIt has been 5 years since we last met.It has been 5 years since we last met.自从我们上次相遇到现在已经自从我们上次相遇到现在已经5 5年了。年了。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema to
22、gether as a family.a family.这是我们一家人第一次一起在电影院里看电影。这是我们一家人第一次一起在电影院里看电影。This is the best film that IThis is the best film that Ive ever seen.ve ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。(2)(2)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作。表示将来某时已完成的动作。Please return the book to me when you have finished it.Please r
23、eturn the book to me when you have finished it.你看完这本书后请还给我。你看完这本书后请还给我。考点八过去完成时考点八过去完成时1.1.过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或 状态持续到过去另一时间状态持续到过去另一时间,还可能持续下去。还可能持续下去。The train had left when I got to the station.The train had left when I got to the station.我到车站时火车已经开走了。
24、我到车站时火车已经开走了。特别提示特别提示 过去完成时表示的是过去的两个动作的对比过去完成时表示的是过去的两个动作的对比,所以发生在过去的所以发生在过去的动作动作,不论发生了多久不论发生了多久,如果没有与过去对比的关系如果没有与过去对比的关系,就不宜用过去完成时。就不宜用过去完成时。2.2.用在用在hardlyhardlyscarcelyscarcelyrarely.when.rarely.when.和和no sooner.than.no sooner.than.句型中句型中,主句常用过去完成时主句常用过去完成时,表示表示“一一 就就;刚刚就就”。I had hardly(no sooner)
25、got home when(than)the rain poured I had hardly(no sooner)got home when(than)the rain poured down.=Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain down.=Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.poured down.我刚到家雨就倾盆而下。我刚到家雨就倾盆而下。3.3.有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。这类动词常见有些动词有时用过去完
26、成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。这类动词常见 的有的有:hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think:hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think 等。等。I had expected to pass the test.I had expected to pass the test.我原认为可以通过这次考试。我原认为可以通过这次考试。考点九现在完成进行时考点九现在完成进行时1.1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。该时态特别表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去
27、的动作。该时态特别 强调主观情绪。强调主观情绪。The girl has a great interest in sports and has been taking The girl has a great interest in sports and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.这个女孩对运动很感兴趣这个女孩对运动很感兴趣,最近三年来每周上两次羽毛球课。最近三年
28、来每周上两次羽毛球课。2.2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。I have been calling him many times,but there I have been calling him many times,but theres no answer.s no answer.我给他打我给他打 了很多次电话了很多次电话,但目前一直没有收到答复。但目前一直没有收到答复。考点十将来完成时考点十将来完成时1.1.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成。某一动作将会完成。By this time
29、of next year,all of you will have become college By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students.students.到明年的这个时候到明年的这个时候,你们大家就都成了大学生了。你们大家就都成了大学生了。2.2.多与多与by+by+将来的某个时间、将来的某个时间、this weekthis week等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。二、动词的语态二、动词的语态考点一被动语态的构成考点一被动语态的构成(以以dodo为例为例)考点二被动语态的用法考点二被动语态的
30、用法1.1.不知道谁是动作的执行者不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。The window is dirty.The window is dirty.窗户脏了。窗户脏了。I know.It hasn I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.t been cleaned for weeks.我知道。好几周没擦了。我知道。好几周没擦了。2.2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。All the employees except the manager are encou
31、raged to work online All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.at home.除了经理以外除了经理以外,所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。特别提示特别提示 “get+get+过去分词过去分词”也可以表示被动也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。此结构比较口语化。She got married last week.She got married last week.她上周结婚了。她上周结婚了。The patient got treated o
32、nce a week.The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。那位病人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed.He fell off the car and got killed.他从汽车上掉下来他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了。摔死了。3.3.主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义(1)(1)系动词系动词look,feel,sound,smell,tastelook,feel,sound,smell,taste等。等。That food smells nice.That food smells n
33、ice.那食物味道很好闻。那食物味道很好闻。This shirt feels much softer than that one.This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫摸起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。这件衬衫摸起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。(2)(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如如begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut,move shut,move 等等,用主动表示被动。用主动表示被动。The shop close
34、s at 6 p.m.every day.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.那家商店每天下午那家商店每天下午6 6点关门。点关门。The football season finishes in May.The football season finishes in May.足球赛季在足球赛季在5 5月份结束。月份结束。(3)(3)表示主语的特征或性能的动词表示主语的特征或性能的动词,如如read,write,dry,cut,draw,sell,wash,read,write,dry,cut,draw,sell,wash,clean,wear clean,we
35、ar等等,用主动形式表示被动意义。注意这类动词一般不单独使用用主动形式表示被动意义。注意这类动词一般不单独使用,通常带有一个修饰语。通常带有一个修饰语。The books sell well.The books sell well.这些书畅销。这些书畅销。This coat dries easily.This coat dries easily.这件外套容易干。这件外套容易干。(4)(4)下列句子结构以主动形式表示被动概念下列句子结构以主动形式表示被动概念 当逻辑主语、动词不定式、逻辑宾语都组合在一起时。当逻辑主语、动词不定式、逻辑宾语都组合在一起时。I have no books to re
36、ad.I have no books to read.我无书可读。我无书可读。I found the lecture hard to understand.I found the lecture hard to understand.我发现这个讲座很难懂。我发现这个讲座很难懂。在系表结构中在系表结构中,动词不定式作定语、表语或补语时。动词不定式作定语、表语或补语时。The question is difficult to answer.The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。这个问题很难回答。真题链接真题链接1.When every pupil
37、 in the school wears the uniform,nobody 1.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody (have)(have)to worry about fashion(to worry about fashion(时尚时尚).().(20192019年年6 6月浙江月浙江)2.One study in America found that students2.One study in America found that students grades grades (improve)a (imp
38、rove)a little after the school introduced uniforms.(little after the school introduced uniforms.(20192019年年6 6月浙江月浙江)答案及剖析答案及剖析:1.has/will have1.has/will have考查时态和主谓一致。空格前面的从句用了一般现在时考查时态和主谓一致。空格前面的从句用了一般现在时,主句主句谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语nobodynobody是第三人称单数是第三人称单数,所以当句子为一般现在时态
39、时所以当句子为一般现在时态时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。谓语动词用第三人称单数。2.improved2.improved考查过去时态。根据空前的谓语动词考查过去时态。根据空前的谓语动词foundfound可知可知,此处此处thatthat引导的是引导的是宾语从句宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓语动词而从句中缺少谓语动词,同时根据同时根据foundfound和和introducedintroduced可知可知,时态是一般时态是一般过去时态过去时态,故填故填improvedimproved。3.You probably 3.You probably(use)caffeine since childhood.
40、(use)caffeine since childhood.(2018(2018年年1111月浙江月浙江)4.I still remember 4.I still remember visiting visiting (visit)a friend who(visit)a friend whod lived here for d lived here for five years and I five years and I(shock)when I learnt she hadn(shock)when I learnt she hadnt cooked t cooked once in al
41、l that time.(once in all that time.(20182018年年6 6月浙江月浙江)答案及剖析答案及剖析:3.have usedhave been using3.have usedhave been using考查动词的时态。根据下文考查动词的时态。根据下文since since childhoodchildhood知知,此处需要现在完成时或现在完成进行时此处需要现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示表示“从过去开始的从过去开始的动作持续到现在并可能一直持续动作持续到现在并可能一直持续”,故填故填have usedhave been usinghave usedhave
42、been using。4.was shocked4.was shocked考查谓语动词。此处根据语意可知考查谓语动词。此处根据语意可知,我感到很震惊我感到很震惊,故用被故用被动语态动语态,同时根据后面的同时根据后面的learntlearnt知知,时态为过去时态时态为过去时态,所以填所以填was shockedwas shocked。5.Picking up her 5.Picking up her“lifetime Achievementlifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene award,proud Irene.(declare)she had no pl
43、ans to retire from her 36-year-old (declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(business.(20192019年全国年全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析:5.declared5.declared考查时态。分析句子结构可知考查时态。分析句子结构可知,句子主干中缺少谓语动词句子主干中缺少谓语动词;结结合后面的合后面的hadhad可知可知,此处应使用一般过去时。此处应使用一般过去时。跟踪训练跟踪训练 重实效重实效冲高考冲高考.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.The problem i
44、s that once something 1.The problem is that once something(put)on the Internet,(put)on the Internet,it can be difficult to remove.(it can be difficult to remove.(20192019浙江台州高三上学期期末浙江台州高三上学期期末)答案及剖析答案及剖析:1.is put/has been put1.is put/has been put考查一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态。句意考查一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态。句意:问题是问题是,一旦某样
45、东西被放到互联网上一旦某样东西被放到互联网上,就很难删除。句子主语就很难删除。句子主语somethingsomething为为单数第三人称形式单数第三人称形式,和谓语动词和谓语动词putput之间是被动关系之间是被动关系,结合句意可知句子用一结合句意可知句子用一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态,故答案为故答案为is put/has been putis put/has been put。2.2.“It gets to the point where theyIt gets to the point where theyre on the phone constant
46、ly and most of re on the phone constantly and most of them them (play)games all the time,(play)games all the time,”Pettit said.Pettit said.(2019(2019浙江杭州高三上学期模拟浙江杭州高三上学期模拟)3.As is known to all,a positive parent-child relationship is beneficial to 3.As is known to all,a positive parent-child relation
47、ship is beneficial to the physical and mental growth of children,but keeping a healthy parent-the physical and mental growth of children,but keeping a healthy parent-child bond child bond (need)the efforts of both parties.(need)the efforts of both parties.(2019(2019浙江稽阳联谊学校高三下学期浙江稽阳联谊学校高三下学期4 4月联考月联
48、考)答案及剖析答案及剖析:2.are playing2.are playing考查谓语动词的用法。该空前有连词考查谓语动词的用法。该空前有连词and,and,因此该空填动词的谓语因此该空填动词的谓语形式形式,同时该句在引号里面同时该句在引号里面,全句都用现在范畴的时态全句都用现在范畴的时态,而而all the timeall the time又表明该句又表明该句意思是他们大部分人一直都在玩游戏。表示现在的持续性动作。故填意思是他们大部分人一直都在玩游戏。表示现在的持续性动作。故填are playingare playing。3.needs3.needs考查一般现在时。保持健康的亲子关系需要双方
49、的努力。这是一种常态考查一般现在时。保持健康的亲子关系需要双方的努力。这是一种常态,用一般现在时。用一般现在时。4.Mr.Perkins always 4.Mr.Perkins always (wear)the same clothes as other men and ate the same (wear)the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.food as other people.5.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their
50、trash can(5.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶垃圾桶)that)that (leave)on the footpath.(leave)on the footpath.(20192019浙江丽水高三模拟浙江丽水高三模拟)6.Three years ago,he 6.Three years ago,he (seek)assistance at a recovery center,the very large (seek)assistance at a recovery center,th
