1、-1-Section Learning about Language-2-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language预习导引一二一、读下列名人名言,试着说出每句话中的从句及其类别1.We are here to add what we can to life,not to get what we can from it.William Osler2.The danger of the past was that men became slaves.The danger of the future is that men may become robots.E
2、rich Fromm 3.It is no use doing what you like;you have got to like what you do.Winston Churchill答案:宾语从句:what we can to life;what we can from it 答案:表语从句:that men became slaves;that men may become robots答案:宾语从句:what you like;what you do-3-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language预习导引一二二、欣赏下列幽默故事,给画线部分的从
3、句分类1.A:We all want to go to the moon,dont we?B:Yes.That is(A)what we want.The question is(B)where we can catch the early bus to the moon.2.A:Doctor,you know(C)I havent slept for days.B:Why is that?A:I guess thats(D)because I sleep at night.3.A:Do you know(E)which particular dance cleaners do?B:The C
4、har-char.A:How do you know?B:“Its(F)whats called a floor show.”My aunt often says that.A:Whats your aunt?B:I do believe(G)shes the best cleaner and dancer in the world.-4-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language预习导引一二宾语从句:表语从句:C,E,G A,B,D,F-5-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳Grammar:宾语从句和表语
5、从句考点一名词性从句(一)在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是一个重要的语法项目,因此必须掌握好。本单元主要学习宾语从句和表语从句的用法。引导名词性从句的连接词有:that,whether,if,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,when,where,how,why等。-6-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳考点二宾语从句宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句、表语从句的连接词大致一样,在句中可以做
6、谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1)由连接词that引导的宾语从句连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在从句中不做任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省略。如:We all agreed(that)it would be a mistake not to take his advice.我们都认为不听他的建议是个错误。注意以下几点:从句是并列句时,第二个及以后的分句前的that不可省略。如:We all think(that)she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.我们都认
7、为她学习非常努力,一定能进一个非常好的大学。-7-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句中谓语常用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如:The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句。We think it important that
8、 every citizen should have good manners.我们认为每个市民都有礼貌是很重要的。(其中it为形式宾语,而真正的宾语是that引导的从句)注意动词 doubt 的否定结构和疑问句才可以接that从句。如:I dont doubt that he will be against the idea.我毫不怀疑他会反对这一想法。I doubt whether he will be against the idea.我怀疑他是否会反对这一想法。-8-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳Do you doubt that
9、 I can finish it on time?你怀疑我能按时完成这件事情吗?2)疑问词引导的宾语从句用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等连接词引导宾语从句时,连接词在从句中充当一定的成分。应注意从句的语序要用陈述语序。如:She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。(how在从句中做状语)3)whether或if引导的宾语从句whether或if引导的宾语从句仍保持陈述语序,whether或if在从句中不能省略。
10、如:I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。-9-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳此外,whether与if 在作“是否”讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导的宾语从句做介词的宾语时;d.从句中有“or not”时;e.后接动词不定式时。4)注意宾语从句中的时态呼应-10-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳当主句谓语动词是现在时态时,宾语从句可根据句子自身的情况而
11、使用不同时态。如:I know that he studied English last term.(从句用一般过去时)我知道他上学期学过英语。当主句谓语动词是过去时态时(could,would除外),宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等;但是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象等时,则从句仍用现在时态。如:The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经动身去美国了。Magellan proved that the earth is round.麦哲伦证明了地球是圆的
12、。-11-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳5)当动词think,believe,imagine,suppose等的主语是第一人称时其后的宾语从句,如有否定意思,要把主句中的动词变为否定式,将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。如:We didnt think he was here.我们认为他不在这儿。-12-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳考点三表语从句在复合句中做表语的从句叫表语从句,表语从句位于连系动词后。1)that 引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不做任何成分,通常
13、不能省略。这种从句往往对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。其基本结构为“主语+系动词+that从句”。如:What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet.使我十分惊讶的是所有的学生异乎寻常地安静。当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导。如:The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.他迟到的原因是今天早上他以一分钟之差错过了火车。-13-预习导引核心归纳Section Lear
14、ning about Language核心归纳2)wh-疑问词引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose等除在句子中起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,且各有各的词义。如:The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。(who在从句中做主语)Tom is no longer what he used to be.汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。(what在从句中做系动词be的表语)连接副词when,where,how,why等除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当
15、时间、地点、方式、原因等状语,本身具有词义。如:Thats where I cant agree with you.那就是我不赞同你的地方。-14-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用,意为“是否,究竟,到底”。(注意:if不能引导表语从句。)The question is whether that man will turn up on time.问题是那个人是否会按时出现。3)as if,because,as though等引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This
16、/That/It is/was because.”结构中。as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,表示不存在的动作或状态。如:The elephant feels as if/though it were a wall.大象摸起来像一堵墙。-15-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳4)主语是表示“建议、命令、要求”等的名词,那么表语从句该用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用 should 后接动词原形,should 可以省略。如:His suggestion is t
17、hat we(should)climb all the way to the top of the hill.他的建议是我们应该一路爬到山顶。-16-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳活学活用选词填空:that,whether,what,why,when1)Oliver believes with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.2)It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves
18、 in the ancient world.3)May we ask what youre doing in this country and your plans are?4)I cant say I have any plans.5)I didnt know I could survive until tomorrow.6)The fact is she is an old friend of my brother.7)Im afraid I dont quite follow you.8)I dont think its very funny.9)Thats weve given you
19、 the letter.that what what that whether that that that why-17-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳10)The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.将下列句子改为含有宾语从句的复合句11)Does Mr Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell me?Could you tell me Mr Brown living in China?12)“No
20、 news is good news,”he said.He said no news good news.13)Who invented computers?I dont know.I dont know computers.14)“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.He asked me the girl some help.15)We should work harder.I think.I think we work harder.when whether/if enjoys that is who invented whether/if
21、 needed that should-18-预习导引核心归纳Section Learning about Language核心归纳翻译句子16)问题是谁能完成这项艰巨的任务。17)他看上去是要把屋里的一切都印入脑海。18)我们可以学习我们所未知的。19)他对你会上所言十分满意。20)我相信他会成功的。答案:The problem is who can complete the difficult task.答案:He looked as if he were going to impress everything in the room into his mind.答案:We can learn what we did not know.答案:He was very pleased with what you had said at the meeting.答案:I am sure that he will succeed.
