1、第一部分第一部分 第一、四级作文的评分标准和要求第一、四级作文的评分标准和要求n一、考核目的一、考核目的n 考核学生用英语进行书面表达的初步能力。n二、考核要求二、考核要求：n 1.时间：30分钟 n 2.字数：120词以上（120150）n 3.题型：n 1）根据给出的段首句续写 n 2）根据中文提要作文 n 3）根据图表写作n 4）书信写作n三、评分原则：三、评分原则：1.大学英语考试的目的是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评分应以此要求为准则。n2.大学英语考试作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Rewa
2、rd Scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。n3.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。n4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。四、评分标准：四、评分标准：1作文题满分为15分。阅卷标准共人为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分。2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多
3、数为严重错误。5分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。8分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。11分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如8分）相似，即定为（8分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分（9分）或减一分（7分），但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：少10字少20字少30字少40字少50字少51字累计字数110119100109909980897079 69扣分123455注：1、如题目中给出主题句、起
4、始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。2、只写一段者：04分，只写两段者：09分（指规定三段的作文）3、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给零分。2.设作文最低分，采用下列成绩计算方法：1）作文分为0分者，总分即使高于60分，一律作不及格处理；2）作文分大于 0 分小于 6 分者，按下 列方式计算成绩：最后报道分=原计算总分 6+作文实得分五、五、评分实例评分实例Title：An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic AccidentSample 1（2 points）I saw the Traffic Accident in Tianjin
5、 Road.The Traffic Accident has been at the morning,May1.Two children by bike went to school.A car is so fast,the streel.And the car touched two children by bike,and the Traffic Accident has happened.One is touched so far way and the other is put down.Mary people come here,and they sent to two childr
6、en who go to Hospiton.Wait a time,The ploiemen arriverd in the Accident place.My opiontoin:The car driver is so fast by car,and He didnt attendation to the children by bike aside the road.Two children by bike didnt heared the car come.All of above,I think the car dreiver must be serier the Traffice
7、Accident.Sample 2（5 points）It was 8:00 this morning,I went on my way to school.When I just at the school gate,I saw the terrible traffic accident happend.A student ride his bike in a high speed,and just when he arrived the school gate,a large truck traveled out of the gate and hit him down.He flied
8、over 3m before his bike hit him on the ground.Surely,the poor boy was hurt very bad.I think there are two reasons for the accident.First,it was just the time we began our first class,the bike rider perhaps did not want to be late,he ride his bike so fast,even didnt low down his speed at the gate.Sec
9、end,the truck is too large,and at that time,there were too many people walk through the gate,so the bike driver have no other way to chose,but to ride in the middle of the road.Sample 3（8 points）The trafic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways when I was driving my car home at abo
10、ut 4 oclock.The yellow car involed in the accident was running at a high speed along the righ-hand when it happened.Hardly it reached the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another direction.There was no time for the drivers to change the directions.I think the accident mostly attrib
11、uted to such reasons:Firstly and the foremost,it was the carelessness of both of the drivers that mostly made the accidents happen.It was not too careful for them when running a car.Secondly,the weather also should be responsible for it.The fog made the vision of drivers vague.Last but not the least
12、,the constructure of the roads was unreasonable.The trafic lights are needed at any junction.Sample 4（11 points）It was last Friday morning.The accident happened when I was on my way to school.It was so terrible that I would never forget it.I was walking along the road,and there are not so many cars
13、on the road.Then,with a big sound,the accident happened.The red car stoped suddenly on the road so that the driver of following car couldnt respond immiditely.The back of the red car was badly damaged,but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident.I think the main reasons are as follow
14、s:First of all,the red car shouldnt stop suddenly without any signals.Secondly,the following car should keep a certain distance from the front car so that the driver could have enough time to take measurs when any badly situation.Finally,these two drivers were careless.If they had paid more attentio
15、n to driving,this accident wouldnt have happenedSample 5（14 points）It was the morning of April 6th,2003.At about 7:30,I went to school by bike as usual.It was a rainy day and the road was slippery.On the way,I noticed a boy riding in front of me,talking loudly with his friends.He didnt wear a rainco
16、at;instead he held an umbrella in one hand,and rode with another hand.As he turned left to Guangming Road,he failed to see a car coming from behind a truck parked on the corner.Suddenly I heard a big noise and saw an umbrella thrown away.The boy was knocked down by the car.I was completely shocked.I
17、 think the boys absent-mindedness accounted much for the accident.He was talking all the time and dangerously used an umbrella while riding a bike.The weather also played a role in the tragedy.The third cause was the unproperly parked truck,which was big enough to make the road conditions invisible
18、to the students who were going to make a turn.All these contributed to this accident 第二第二 四级作文的结构四级作文的结构 一、四级作文的段落基本结构：一、四级作文的段落基本结构：二、全文二、全文(议论文议论文)基本结构：基本结构：主题句扩展句终结句连接词连接词主题段扩展段(1-2段)终结段主题句（第1句）扩展句（1到2句）终结句（引出下文）132终结句（最后1句）扩展句主题句（第1句）过 渡 词词过 渡 词词段落例如:Key to SuccessIn such a competitive society,e
19、veryone has a strong desire to be successful and in his life.But how to achieve success?In my opinion,there are three main keys a clear objective,strong willpower and diligence.First,it is very important to set up a goal before you start.No one can be successful without a goal in his mind.Besides,yo
20、u need a strong willpower to keep you go ahead.There always are tough stones in every road to success.Whether you can go through it depends on whether you are persistent enough.Last but not least,everyone who wants to succeed should be diligent.There is and old saying,“No pains,no gains.”Most succes
21、sful people owe their success to hard working,such as Einstein.In conclusion,if we want to be successful,we have to master the three main keys mentioned above.There is no shortcut to success.The three keys will assure you to realize your beautiful dream.第三、常见的错误和问题第三、常见的错误和问题注意方面：注意方面：1切题 2结构（三段式）3落
22、题快（主题句在每段句首，不要绕圈）4长度（120150字，卷面第二页中间或到三分之二处，不要过多）语言方面须注意的问题：语言方面须注意的问题：1题目的大写An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident It Pays to Be Honest How to Succeed in a Job Interview2句子错误1）语态时态不正确I read the passage carefully and several mistakes were found.(语态不一致)I read the passage carefully and found sev
23、eral mistakes.I am very grateful if you could help me with this problem.(时态不一致)I will be very grateful if you could help me with this problem.2）主谓不一致He like playing football very much.He likes playing football very much.3）中式英语My English has made great progress.I have made great progress in English.W
24、ork makes me feel satisfied.Work is a source of satisfaction to me.4)结构不完整Although had many difficulties in studying English,I finally passed the exam.Although I had many difficulties in studying English,I finally passed the exam.5）改错：I think there are two reasons for the accident.First,it was just
25、the time we began our first class,the bike rider perhaps did not want to be late,he ride ride his bike so fast,even didnt low downlow down his speed at the gate.SecendSecend,the truck is is too large,and at that time,there were too many people walk walk through the gate,so the bike driver have have
26、no other way to to chosechose,but to ride in the middle of the road.第一、写作中的常用句式第一、写作中的常用句式一、开头常用语式一、开头常用语式(主题段的引入主题段的引入)A proverb saysAs the proverb saysSome people say thatMany people believe thatIt is generally believed thatWe all know that As we all know It is quite clear that Various views exist
27、 as to,butThere are many arguments/opinions/views aboutThere is much discussion about/attention to It is well known thatIt is said thatIt has been found thatIt is easy to see thatThe pie graph showsA recent survey providesThe chart/graph/table showsNo one can deny that Nowadays,.At present 例1 My Vie
28、w on Animal Communication Many people think thatMany people think that animals cannot communicate with each other.In their opinion,they cannot speak or write.However,I hold that they can communicate.The following examples serve as proofs to support my view.例2 1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。Brain
29、Drain in ChinaNowadays,Nowadays,one of the most serious problems China is faced with is brain drain.While shortages of talent trouble many universities and state-owned enterprises,millions of talented people either emigrate to developed countries or work for foreign companies.At the same time,a big
30、crowd of well-educated people who are determined to follow their footsteps take TOEFL or GRE as their passport to the West.练习1 SmokingIt is almost known to all that It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health.Scientific researchs show that smoking can lead to heart disease,cance
31、r and other problem.The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least two million five-hundred-thousand persons each year.练习2 Health and Life As the saying goes,As the saying goes,you dont know what happiness is until you lose it.you dont know what health is until you are i
32、ll.“Health is of vital importance to life”sounds like a cliche to everyone,but it is absolutely true.二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）通常按重要程度排列，我们习惯于先说最重要的，西方人则相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。1表示“首先”first,firstly,first of all,to begin with 在跌降法里用first and foremost 但不可用 at first。2表示“第二”、“此外”“其次”、“况且”second,secondly,and,
33、besides,moreover,additionally,furthermore,whats more,in addition,besides+名词短语，in addition to+名词短语，another+名词短语3表示“最后”finally,last,lastly,但不可用at last 或 in the end。4表示“最重要的是”above all,most important of all，在跌降法里用last but not least 最后但并非最不重要的是。5.表示“更严重的是”、“更糟糕的是”more serious,even worse,to make matter w
34、orse6.表示“最为严重的是”、“最糟糕的是”most serious of all,worst of all例如：1 1）First of all,First of all,论据1.More importantly,More importantly,论据2.Most important of all,Most important of all,论据3.In In summary,summary,总结观点.2)2)The advantages can be listed as followsThe advantages can be listed as follows：First,First
35、,好处1.Besides,Besides,好处2.Most Most important of all,important of all,好处3.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.To begin with,To begin with,坏处1.To make matter worse,To make matter worse,坏处2.Worst of all,
36、Worst of all,坏处3.From the above analysis,I believeFrom the above analysis,I believe 观点.3 3）For one thing,For one thing,论据1.For another,For another,论据2.Last but not the least,Last but not the least,论据3.To To conclude,conclude,总结观点或 From above,we can predict that From above,we can predict that 预测.4 4）
37、First of all,First of all,论据1。Furthermore,Furthermore,论据2。Among all of the supporting evidences,Among all of the supporting evidences,one is the strongest.That is,one is the strongest.That is,论据3。A natural conclusion from the above discussion is A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that
38、that总结观点。或 From above,we can predict thatFrom above,we can predict that 预测.例文Key to Success In such a competitive society,everyone has a strong desire to be successful and in In such a competitive society,everyone has a strong desire to be successful and in his life.But how to achieve success?his li
39、fe.But how to achieve success?In my opinion,there are three main keys a clear objective,strong willpower and diligence.FirstFirst,it is very important to set up a goal before you start.No one can be successful without a goal in his mind.BesidesBesides,you need a strong willpower to keep you go ahead
40、.There always are tough stones in every road to success.Whether you can go through it depends on whether you are persistent enough.Last but not leastLast but not least,everyone who wants to suceed should be diligent.There is and old saying,“No pains,no gains.”Most successful people owe their success
41、 to hard working,such as Einstein.In conclusionIn conclusion,if we want to be successful,we have to master the three main keys mentioned above.There is no shortcut to success.The three keys will assure you to realize your beautiful dream.练习：Advertisement 1）广告给人们带来的益处。2）广告给人们带来的烦恼。Advertisement can b
42、e a service to people.First,First,it is informative,and can help people buy and sell goods.Second,Second,it can widen peoples knowledge,and make people more experienced.Lastly Lastly,people can enjoy themselves through those programs which advertisements have been put into.Some advertisements,howeve
43、r,however,are not very useful to people,sometimes even harmful.An advertisement like this,for example,for example,may put thousands of women and girls into trouble.Disillusioned with life,love,marriage?You need help.Phone me.And the Savior gives his phone number to his sheep.5其他词语或句式：1）用于强调：after al
44、l,any way,in fact,indeed,apparently,clearly,obviously,especially,2）用于对比：however,on one hand,on the other hand,in contrast,by contrast,on the contrary,while,whereas,instead,but,different from,3）用于比较：similarly,likewise,like,in the same way,4）用于列举：for example,for instance,such as,takefor granted,except
45、(for)5）表示时间：later,then,next,finally,at last,eventually,meanwhile,after that,from now on,at the same time,for the time being,after some time,in the end,immediately,in the meantime,recently,soon,now and then,during,nowadays,presently,since,as soon as,afterwards,some time later,temporally,in the meanwh
46、ile,after a while,6）用于解释：in other words,as a matter of fact,that is,7)用于让步：although,in spite of,despite,even though,even if,though,no matter how8)用于结果：consequently,thus,as a result,as a consequence,hence,so,therefore,accordingly9)其他：not onlybut also,as far as I am concerned,when it comes to,in pract
47、ice,in principle,another key aspect ofis,it is true that,what is more serious is,there is no doubt that,but it is a pity that,but the trouble/problem/point is 例1 Brain Drain in China(接开头)1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。However,people see this phenomenon in different perspectives.Some hold the opin
48、ion that China suffers a lot from brain drain.They argue,on the one hand,that brain drain considerably weakens our international competitiveness.On the other hand,they believe that the talent should serve their native country first.In contrast,others highlight the advantages of international exchang
49、e and cooperation.They claim that Chinese youths should go abroad to study and gain more experience.Whats more,the long-term benefits will outweigh losses we suffer now.练习1 Computer1)计算机的广泛应用计算机的广泛应用2)计算机给人们的帮助计算机给人们的帮助3)计算机带来的问题（无示范）4）我的看法（无示范）The computer is widely used in all fields of society.To
50、day,wherever you go,you will find computers being used.For example,computers are used in universities,large corporations,and small offices,etc.It has even entered the homes of ordinary people.As it is able to store and process a large amount of information,the computer bring about great convenience
