1、Unit 4Body language达标检测语法导学内容索引Period FourGrammarThe-ing form as the Adverbial语法导学感悟体会阅读以下句子，感悟体会阅读以下句子，感悟体会v.-ing形式的用法，并总结规律。形式的用法，并总结规律。1.Yesterday，another student and I，representing our universitys student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international stud
2、ents.2.I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.3.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands.4.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling，together with George Cook from Canada.5.When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door，she recognized Tony G
3、arcias smiling face.6.They also express their feelings using unspoken“language”through physical distance.7.Turning around，she saw an ambulance driving away.8.The old scientist died all of a sudden，leaving the project unfinished.9.Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.10.Having smoked too much，he has
4、 suffered from lung cancer.1.加加颜色颜色部分在句子中作伴随状语的是部分在句子中作伴随状语的是 ；作时间状语的；作时间状语的是是 ；作结果状语的是；作结果状语的是 ；作原因状语的是；作原因状语的是 ；作方式状语的；作方式状语的是是 。2.比较句比较句9和句和句10，句，句9中中v.-ing形式为形式为 式，表示动作与谓语动词表式，表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；句示的动作同时发生；句10中中v.-ing形式为形式为 式，表示动作发生在谓语式，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。动词表示的动作之前。3.观察句观察句110可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的可知现在
5、分词的逻辑主语都是句子的 。2、3、4、57、98101、6一般一般完成完成主语主语一、一、v.-ing形式作状语的用法形式作状语的用法v.-ing形式在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发形式在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1.作时间状语作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句相当于一个时间状语从句)。Walking in the park，she saw an old friend.When/While(she was)walking in the park，she sa
6、w an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。名师点津名师点津当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。语法精析2.作原因状语作原因状语(一般可转换成由一般可转换成由as或或because引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句)Being ill，he couldnt go to school.As he was ill，he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。
7、因为生病了，他无法去上学。3.作条件状语作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加一般放在句首，其前可以加if，unless等连词等连词)Working hard，youll make great progress.If you work hard，youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4.作结果状语作结果状语作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。意料之中的结果。The fire lasted nearly two d
8、ays，leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了将近两天，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。大火持续了将近两天，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。名师点津名师点津现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然而然的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前自然而然的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加有时前面可以加only。试比较：。试比较：He was caught in th
9、e rain，thus making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5.作让步、方式和伴随状语作让步、方式和伴随状语作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。句。Mary sat by t
10、he window of the classroom，reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读着一本书。玛丽坐在教室的窗边读着一本书。名师点津名师点津为强调为强调v.-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上例如，加上when，while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before，after，强调动作先后发生；加上，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上，强调结果；加上(
11、al)though，强，强调让步等。调让步等。Though knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。二、二、v.-ing形式的时态形式的时态v.-ing形式的完成式：形式的完成式：havingp.p.(过去分词过去分词)，表示分词的动作发生在主，表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，并且只能作状语，表示时间或原因句谓语动词的动作之前，并且只能作状语，表示时间或原因(一般式表示一般式表示v.-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生形式的动作与谓语动词的
12、动作同时发生)。(1)Having lived in Beijing for years，I almost know every place quite well.在北京住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。在北京住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。(having lived作状语，表作状语，表示原因，示原因，live的动作发生在的动作发生在know的动作之前的动作之前)(2)Having worked for three hours，he took a rest.工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。工作了三个小时之后，他休息了一下。(having worked作状语，表示时作状语，表示时间，间，
13、work的动作发生在的动作发生在take a rest的动作之前的动作之前)三、三、v.-ing形式的否定式：形式的否定式：notv.-ing；not havingv.-ed(1)Not knowing this，he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。他不知道这件事，所以没来。(2)Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。四、有些惯用的四、有些惯用的v.-ing短语在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，短
14、语在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我它们往往作为独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。常见的有：常见的有：generally/strictly/exactly speaking一般一般/严格严格/准确说来准确说来judging from/by.根据根据判断判断talking of.谈到谈到considering.考虑到，鉴于考虑到，鉴于supposing(that).假设，假定假设，假定regarding.关于关于五、五、v.-ing形式的独立主
15、格结构形式的独立主格结构1.名词名词/代词代词v.-ing有时候有时候v.-ing的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这时，需要在的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这时，需要在v.-ing前前加上一个逻辑主语加上一个逻辑主语(一般由名词或代词充当一般由名词或代词充当)，它是动作的执行者，表，它是动作的执行者，表示主动含义。这种结构作状语，可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况示主动含义。这种结构作状语，可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。等。(1)Mary coming back，they discussed it together.玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。(2)T
16、he trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些测量为那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。多米。2.there be结构结构这种结构多放在句首，其中这种结构多放在句首，其中being不可省略。不可省略。(1)There being nothing to do，we played games.没有什么事可做，我们玩起了游戏。没有什么事可做，我们玩起了游戏。(2)There being no customers，they closed the store.因为没有顾客，他们关了店门。因为没有顾客，他们关了店
17、门。.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.(2018全国全国)2.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，_(allow)more patients to be treated.(2017天津天津)3.The cooling wind swept th
18、rough our bedroom windows，_(make)air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津天津)高考链接答案feedingallowingmaking4.(work)for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015天津天津)5.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，(wonder)whether to stay or
19、leave.(2015湖南湖南)6.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way (use)the sun and the stars.(2015重庆重庆)答案Having workedwonderingusing7.In recent years an English word“infosphere”has appeared，_(combine)the sense of“information”and“atmosphere”.”.(2015福建福建)8.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my b
20、ack in the middle of the grassland，(stare)at the night sky.(2014湖南湖南)答案combiningstaring.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.Everyone was silent，wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.(2018全国全国，短文改错，短文改错)2.One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.(2014陕西，短文
21、改错陕西，短文改错)3.Follow this explanation，there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings，but the rate remained above the previous level.(2011辽宁，短文改错辽宁，短文改错)答案waitinghavingFollowing达标检测.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.(select)the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.2.Not (know)what to do，t
22、he children had to wait for their parents to come back.3.(hear)the signal，people ran out of the building.4.(judge)from the appearance，it is very peaceful，but in fact，a war will break out soon.5.The decision (make)，what is to be done now is how to carry it out.Having selectedknowingHearingJudginghavi
23、ng been made6.(work)harder at English，youll make your life abroad easier.7.exploring the cave，they found a valuable mineral.8.It (be)Sunday，many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises.9.(look)out through the window，we saw a beautiful scenery.10.The case shocked the public，(cause)a hot d
24、ebate over human nature on the Internet.WorkingWhenbeingLookingcausing.用现在分词短语改写句子用现在分词短语改写句子1.The storm left and had caused a lot of damage to this area.2.Do be more careful when you cross the street.3.As it was a wet day，we couldnt go for a walk.The storm left，having caused a lot of damage to this
25、 area.Do be more careful when crossing the street.It being a wet day，we couldnt go for a walk.4.Because he did not know how to do it，he went to her for help.5.As soon as she had made the beds，she started making breakfast.Not knowing how to do it，he went to her for help.Having made the beds，she start
26、ed making breakfast.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.Realized that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.2.He got up late and hurried to his office，left the breakfast untouched.3.Stood in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.Realizingleav
27、ingStanding4.Do you wake up every morning feel energetic and ready to start a new day?5.Look at my classmates faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.feelingLooking.完成句子完成句子1.就个人而言，我满意你的表现。就个人而言，我满意你的表现。，Im satisfied with your performance.2.全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。Foot
28、ball is played all over the world，.3.由于教室里没有老师，学生们开始自由交谈。由于教室里没有老师，学生们开始自由交谈。in classroom，the pupils began to talk freely.4.我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。I stood by the door，.Personally speakingmaking it a popular sportThere being no teachernot daring to say a word5.尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。(Though
29、 he had tried many times)，he still couldnt succeed.6.如果早点儿出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。如果早点儿出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。(If you set off earlier)，youll get to the town at dusk.7.因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。(After he had apologized to his teacher for his rude manner)，he made a promise t
30、hat he wouldnt make the same mistake.Having tried many timesSetting off earlierHaving apologized to his teacher for his rude mannerdsfdbsy384y982ythb3oibt4oy39y409705923y09y53b2lkboi2y58wy0ehtoibwoify98wy049ywh4b3oiut89u983yf9ivh98y98sv98hv98ys9f698y9v698yv98x98tb98fyd98gyd98h98ds98nt98d8genklgb4kle
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33、6384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm5638486
34、6666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm￥1111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222223333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333344444￥
