1、Language points1.abstract adj.抽象的抽象的;深奥的深奥的 n.摘要摘要 an abstract concept 抽象概念抽象概念 abstract philosophical problems 深奥的哲学问题深奥的哲学问题 Her ideas seem a little abstract.她的思想有点儿让人费解。她的思想有点儿让人费解。Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文学是一门深奥的学科。天文学是一门深奥的学科。To make an abstract of a speech 将演说作将演说作 一摘要一摘要 in the abst
2、ract 就一般而言，就一般而言，理论上来讲理论上来讲abstract sth from sth 从某物中从某物中提炼提炼出某物出某物我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。We will consider this problem _ _ _.将一本书做成一个摘要。将一本书做成一个摘要。Make _ _ of a book.橡胶是从树木提取的。橡胶是从树木提取的。rubber is _ from trees.in the abstractan abstractabstracted2.faith n.信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条1)信念信念;信任
3、信任,完全信赖完全信赖(+in)+that He always puts his faith in the future.他对未来总是抱有信心。他对未来总是抱有信心。2)信仰信仰;宗教信仰宗教信仰;信条信条(+in)People of every faith attended the mayors funeral.信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。3.Consequently,this text will describe only the most important ones,starting from the sixth century AD.The
4、 bank refused to help the company;consequently,it went bankrupt.She overslept and,consequently,she was late.It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off.As a result of her mothers illness,she left school.Her mother became ill;_ she left school.consequentlyconsequently4.During the Renais
5、sance,new ideas and values replaced those held in the Middle Ages.文艺复兴时期，新的观点和价值观取代文艺复兴时期，新的观点和价值观取代了中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。了中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。如果他不来的话如果他不来的话,谁会替代他呢谁会替代他呢?Who will take the place of him if he doesnt come?Who will take his place if he doesnt come?5.During the Middle Ages,the main aim of the pain
6、ters was to represent religious themes.中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。take aim at 瞄准瞄准=aim atsth.be aimed at 旨在旨在;目的在于目的在于;针对针对with the aim of 有有的目的的目的without aim 无目的的无目的的,胡乱地胡乱地这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。These measures are _ _ government costs.他没有瞄准就开枪。他没有瞄准就开枪。He fired _ _.他的人生没有目标。他的人生没
7、有目标。He has_ _ in life.aimed atwithout aimno aim6.typical adj 典型的；有代表性的典型的；有代表性的 Eg:a typical British summer 典型的英国夏天典型的英国夏天typical+of 1)典型的典型的,有代表性的有代表性的This painting is typical of his early work.这幅画是他早期的代表作。这幅画是他早期的代表作。2)特有的特有的,独特的独特的;表现特征的表现特征的It was typical of him to be so merciless.只有他才会这么冷酷无情。只有
8、他才会这么冷酷无情。1.In a _ display,colored streamers seem to race across the sky.典型典型的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际。2.This chair is _ of Anthonys way of designing furniture.这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的代表代表。typical typical 7.They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves,their houses and possessi
9、ons.他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，及他们的住宅和其他的财产。及他们的住宅和其他的财产。possession 拥有拥有,占有占有,所有所有,领土领土,领地领地,财产财产(常用复数常用复数)富人富人个人财产个人财产他放弃了这房子的所有权。他放弃了这房子的所有权。a man of great possessionspersonal possessionsHe gave up _ of the house.Sbin possession of 某人拥有某物某人拥有某物Sth.in the possession of sb 为某人拥有为某人拥有Sth.in ones pos
10、session possess v.他有两辆汽车。他有两辆汽车。He possesses two cars.He is in possession of two cars.Two cars are in his possession.你是怎样得到它的你是怎样得到它的?How did you get(take)possession of it?8.When people first saw his paintings,they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.人们初次看到
11、他的作品，认为是通过人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。convince vt.使确信使确信 说服说服convince sb.of sth convince sb.to do sth.be convinced of sth我们说服她搭火车去。我们说服她搭火车去。We_ her_ by train.她试图使我们相信她的清白。她试图使我们相信她的清白。She tried to _ her innocence.我坚信她是清白无辜的我坚信她是清白无辜的.convincedto goconvinced us ofHe convinced m
12、e that I should study law.It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.Everyone was convinced by his words.9.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered,no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.如果没有发现如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。本句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件本句的
13、谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是条件句，要用虚拟语气。条件句，要用虚拟语气。If she were my daughter,I wouldnt let her stay out the whole night.如果她是我的女如果她是我的女儿，我就不会让她整夜不归。儿，我就不会让她整夜不归。If I had had enough money,I would have bought a DV before travelling.如果那时我如果那时我有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码摄像机的。
14、摄像机的。10.By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time,which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.巧合的是，这一时期油画巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富，更深沉。上去更丰富，更深沉。这是这是which 引导的，是定语从句，指的是引导的，是定语从句，指的是前面的句子前面的句子 oil paints were also developed at this time。类似的用
15、法有：类似的用法有：His wife died,which made his life change greatly.他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活发生了巨大的变化。发生了巨大的变化。11.Without the new paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.没有新的没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。能看到
16、很多使这一时期著名的杰作。这里有这里有without引动的介词短语是一个引动的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气we would not be able to see。类似的用。类似的用法有：法有：Without your help,he would not pass the test.没有你的帮助，他就不能通没有你的帮助，他就不能通过这次测试。过这次测试。12.In the late 19th,Europe changed a great deal=a good deal 大量的大量的;a great deal of=a good deal of
17、大量的大量的;He ate _for supper yesterday.He ran _ faster than me.She is _ better today.She has _ experience.I have _work to do.I was _surprised.13.Nowadays,there are modern art styles.scores of 很多很多,几十几十score 二十二十;(比赛比赛)的得分的得分足球比赛的比分是四比一。足球比赛的比分是四比一。The score in the football game was 4-1.七十岁七十岁,古稀之年古稀之年六
18、十人六十人许多年前许多年前我需要一打铅笔我需要一打铅笔.(二十只铅笔二十只铅笔)他买了三打啤酒他买了三打啤酒.我们去广州十几次了我们去广州十几次了.14.The painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes,but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the objects.The second question was so difficult that I didnt even attempt it.I attempted to speak
19、but was told to keep quiet.She made an attempt to lock the door.15.on the other hand(可是）可是）另一方面另一方面 on the one hand 一方面一方面Eg:1)On the one hand,she taught English;on the other hand she learned Chinese.她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。2)On the one hand I admire his gifts,but on the other hand I distrus
20、t his judgment.一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。怀疑他的判断力。1)_,it may strike oil at a fairly high level.另一方面，也可能在另一方面，也可能在相当相当浅的地方打出油来。浅的地方打出油来。2)I know this job of mine isnt well paid,but_ I dont have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲来说，我也不必工作太长时间。来说，我也不必工作太长时间。On
21、the other handon the other hand预言预言;预料预料;预报预报+that+wh-He predicted that an earthquake was imminent.他他预言预言即将即将发生地震。发生地震。He predicted a good harvest.他他预言预言丰收丰收I can predict something with great accuracy.我能很我能很准确准确地地预测预测某事。某事。16.predict vt.预言，预测，预告预言，预测，预告 2.Its hard to _ when it will happen.很难很难预见预见这件事何时发生。这件事何时发生。1.The economists _ an increase in the rate of inflation.经济学家经济学家预言预言通货膨胀通货膨胀率将会增长。率将会增长。predicted predict
