1、 Speech preparation:Getting started(I):preparing the speech outlinePart I Selecting a topic and purpose 1.Choosing a topic It is almost certain that a speaker cannot be enthusiastic to an audience if that person is not enthusiastic about himself about the topic.Choosing a Topic1.Topics You Know a Lo
2、t About2.Topic You Want to Know More About3.Brainstorming for Topics1.Topics You Know a Lot AboutChoosing a TopicEveryone knows things or has done things that can be used in a speech.Think about unusual experiences you may have had and about special expertise you may have acquired.You are bound to c
3、ome up with something.1.Topics You Know a Lot AboutChoosing a TopicHere are some topics that students used:Hong Kong:the Greatest Place I Have ever TraveledRoller Skating:My Favorite SportHow Did I lose WeightThe Greatest Teacher in My LifeFamily LoveAlways the Most ImportantBeing a Responsible Stud
4、ent2.Topic You Want to Know More AboutChoosing a TopicYou may choose a subject about which you have some knowledge but not enough.You may also select a topic that hasnt touched you at all before but you want to explore.3.Brainstorming for TopicsChoosing a TopicClusteringTake a sheet of paper and div
5、ide it into nine columns as follows:People,Places,Things,Events,Processes,Concepts,Natural Phenomena,Problems,and Plans and Policies.Then list in each column the first three to five items that come to mind.Choosing a TopicThe paper may look like this:People:George W.Bush,My family,David Beckham,Zhan
6、g YimouPlaces:My hometown,Xian,Iraq,Taiwan,Los Angeles,ParisThings:Robots,Cell phones,Basketball,Movies,ComputersEvents:Beijing Olympics,2008,September 11,2001,Chinese New Year,Going to college,Moving to the new campusChoosing a TopicProcesses:Taking photographs,Studying abroad,Giving a speech,Losin
7、g weightConcepts:Medical ethics,Free-speech theories,Confucianism,Religions,ConservatismNatural Phenomena:Earthquake,Hurricanes,Global warming,Wild animalsProblems:Terrorism,Education in poor areas,Racial profiling,Campus crimePlans and Policies:Homeland security,Protecting civil Liberties,Building
8、a new libraryChoosing a TopicClusteringIf you still cannot think of anything as a topic,take the items you find most intriguing and compose sub lists for each.For example:Cartoons:television,movies,Academy Awards,prizes,lotteries,gamblingCampus Crime:police,fingerprints,hands,gloves,cold weather,nig
9、ht guardsExercise:Make a clustering list of your own.1.Determine the General PurposeDetermine the PurposeThe general purpose of a speech normally fall into two types:to inform or to persuade.When your general purpose is to inform,you act like a teacher or lecturer.Your goal is to convey information,
10、and to do it clearly.For example:How to Do Weight Lifting Correctly1.Determine the General PurposeDetermine the PurposeWhen your general purpose is to persuade,you act like an advocate or a statesman.You go beyond giving information to change or structure the attitudes or actions of your audience.Fo
11、r example:Weight Lifting:The Best Way to Build Your Body 2.Determine the Specific PurposeDetermine the PurposeThe specific purpose should focus on one aspect of a topic.You should state your specific purpose in a single infinitive phrase.For example:to inform my audience about;to persuade my audienc
12、e to 2.Determine the Specific PurposeDetermine the PurposeFor example:Topic:Emergencies General Purpose:To inform Specific Purpose:To inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergency.Tips for Formulating the Specific Purpose StatementDetermine the PurposeA.Write the Purpose Statem
13、ent as a Full Infinitive Phrase,Not as a Fragment Ineffective:Calendars.More Effective:To inform my audience about the four major kinds of calendars used in the world today.Determine the PurposeB.Express Your Purpose as a Statement,Not as a QuestionIneffective:Is the US space program necessary?More
14、Effective:To persuade my audience that the US space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth.Determine the PurposeC.Avoid Figurative Language in Your Purpose StatementIneffective:To inform my audience that yoga is extremely cool.More Effective:To inform my audience how yoga c
15、an improve their health.Determine the PurposeD.Limit Your Purpose Statement to One Distinct IdeaIneffective:To persuade my audience to become literacy tutors and to donate time to Habitat for Humanity.(仁爱之家仁爱之家)More Effective:To persuade my audience to become literacy tutors.More Effective:To persua
16、de my audience to donate time to Habitat for Humanity.E.Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general Determine the PurposeIneffective:To inform my audience about the civil war.More Effective:To inform my audience about the role of African American soldiers in the civil war.Phrasing th
17、e central ideaWhat is central idea?Topic:Emergencies General Purpose:To inform Specific Purpose:To inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergency.-is a concise statement of what you expect to say.it is also called thesis statement,the subject sentence or the major thought.The ce
18、ntral idea sump up the speech in a single sentence.Phrasing the central ideacentral idea?The major steps in responding to an emergency are surveying the scene,contacting an emergency medical service and starting CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation【医】心肺复苏【医】心肺复苏术术)if needed.Exercise:fill in the blanksS
19、upply the general purpose,specific purpose,and the central idea for a speech with the following main points.General purpose:to _ Specific purpose:to _ Central idea:_Main points:I.The first factor is to be knowledgeable about the company.II.The second factor is to make a good initial impression.III.T
20、he third factor is to communicate effectively throughout the interview.Exercise:fill in the blanks Supply the general purpose,specific purpose,and the main points for a speech with the following the central idea.General purpose:to _ Specific purpose:to_Central idea:Living in the country is preferabl
21、e to living in the city because country life provides more privacy,involves less stress,and less pollution.Main points:I._ II._ III._ Lets practice!Write down the general purpose,specific purpose,central ideas,main points and the conclusion.General topic:globalizationvSpecific purpose:to inform my a
22、udience about the reasons of“losing cultural identity”and how to cope with the result brought about by globalization.vMain points:v 1.introduction:describe the effects(positive and negative)of globalization.v2:analyze the reasons:certain blindness.vSub-points:vA.Western values distribute together wi
23、th western products.vB:Younger generation live in international environment.vC:Lack of understanding of traditional Chinese culture makes them an easy target.vMain point 3:How to preserver our cultural identity?vSub-points:vA:understand ourselves.(Lessons on Chinese culture should be emphasized)vB:i
24、mprove ourselves.(No culture can survive without developing or adapting to the new situation.“teamwork spirit”)vC:be proud of ourselves.(traditional values are also international.“Sunzi warfare strategy and confucius.”)vConclusion:embrace the opportunity of globalization and be confident that a new China will be on the horizon.
