1、Unit 4 CompaniesIn the end,all business operations can be reduced to three words:people,product,and profits.Lee IacoccaIn a world thats changing really quickly,the only strategy that is guaranteed to fail is not taking risks.Mark Elliot Zuckerberg Quotation Lee Iacocca(born October 15,1924)is an Ame
2、rican automobile executive best known for spearheading the development of Ford Mustang and Pinto cars.Iacocca participated in the design of several successful Ford automobiles,most notably the Ford Mustang,the Lincoln Continental Mark III,the Ford Escort and the revival of the Mercury brand in the l
3、ate 1960s.He served as President and CEO of Chrysler from 1978 and additionally as chairman from 1979,until his retirement at the end of 1992.Iacocca was a passionate advocate of U.S.business exports during the 1980s.He has authored or co-authored several books,including Iacocca:An Autobiography(wit
4、h William Novak),and Where Have All the Leaders Gone?Lee Iacocca Mark Elliot Zuckerberg(born May 14,1984)is an American computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur.He is a co-founder of Facebook,and currently operates as its chairman and chief executive officer.His net worth is estimated to be US$
5、71.8 billion as of July 2017,and he is ranked by Forbes as the fifth richest person in the world.Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard University dormitory room on February 4,2004.He was assisted by his college roommates and fellow Harvard students Eduardo Saverin,Andrew McCollum,Dustin Mosk
6、ovitz,and Chris Hughes.The group then introduced Facebook to other college campuses.Facebook expanded rapidly,reaching one billion users by 2012.Mark Elliot ZuckerbergLead-inConversationContentsBusiness NewsPassageChinese and International Culture TourUnit 4Lead-in-1|Vocabulary1.transition:n.a chang
7、e from one form or type to another,or the process by which this happens The health-care system is in transition at the moment.In the nineteenth century,pirates roamed the seas.2.pirate:n.a person who sails in a ship and attacks other ships in order to steal from theme.g.e.g.医疗保健制度目前正在变革中。19世纪，海盗很猖獗。
8、Lead-in-1|VocabularyTwo of the directors filed a lawsuit against their former employer.3.lawsuit:n.a problem taken to a law court by an ordinary person or an organization rather than the police in order to obtain a legal decisione.g.4.distribution:n.the process of giving things out to several people
9、,or spreading or supplying somethingThe Channel Tunnel has improved the distribution of goods between the British Isles and mainland Europe.e.g.其中的两位董事已经对其前雇主提起诉讼。海峡隧道改善了不列颠群岛与欧洲大陆之间的货物流通。Lead-in-1|Notes1.House of Lords The House of Lords of the United Kingdom,also known as the House of Peers,is the
10、 upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.Like the House of Commons,it meets in the Palace of Westminster.Officially,the full name of the house is:The Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal of the United House of Lords ChamberPalace of Westminster,London,U.K.Kingdom of Great Br
11、itain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled.Unlike the elected House of Commons,all members of the House of Lords(excluding 90 hereditary peers elected among themselves and two peers who are ex officio members)are appointed.Lead-in-1|Notes2.Public Company A public,publicly traded,publicly hel
12、d company,or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets.In some jurisdictions,public companies over a certain size must be listed on an exchange.Publicly
13、traded companies are able to raise funds and capital through the sale(in the primary or secondary market)of shares of stock.This is the reason publicly traded corporations are important;prior to their existence,it was very difficult to obtain large amounts of capital for private enterprises.The prof
14、it on stock is gained in form of dividend or capital gain to the holders.Lead-in-2|Vocabulary1.snacks:n.a small amount of food that is eaten between meals,or a very small meal2.amenity:n.something,such as a swimming pool or shopping centre,that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable f
15、or the people in a town,hotel,or other placee.g.e.g.I had a huge lunch,so Ill only need some snacks for dinner.我午饭吃得很饱，所以晚饭吃些点心就可以了。这座已有200年历史的监狱拥挤不堪、警力不足，而且缺乏基本的生活设施。The 200-year-old jail is overcrowded,understaffed,and lacking in basic amenities.Lead-in-2|Vocabulary3.interact:n.to communicate with
16、 or react to 4.veil:v.to cover something,especially the face or body,with a veile.g.e.g.Its interesting at parties to see how people interact socially.在聚会上看人们如何交流沟通是很有趣的。在某些社会里，女性去公共场合就得戴上面纱。In some societies,women are expected to be veiled when they go out in public.Conversation-3|Vocabulary1.buyin
17、g rate:the exchange rate of one currency against another currency 2.exchange memo:the receipt bank gives to you when making foreign exchangese.g.e.g.Our buying rate for notes is RMB 523 yuan for USD 100 dollars.我们100美元的现钞买入价是523人民币。I will fill out the exchange memo for you now.我现在就为您填写这张兑换水单。1.quota
18、tion:n.the price that a person or company says they will charge to do a piece of work 2.note:n.a piece of paper moneye.g.e.g.Conversation-4|VocabularyWe shall be pleased if you finished us with your quotation for this product.He took a wad of notes from his pocket.他从口袋中拿出一叠钞票。如果您已经做好了该产品的报价单，我们将很高兴。
19、1.trial and error:a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you make 2.leverage:v.(finance&economics)to use borrowed money to buy an investment or companye.g.e.g.Business News-1|VocabularyDeveloping the solution with th
20、is in mind involved some trial and error for us.Home equity is invaluable if you leverage it to build wealth.用这个去开发解决方案会让我们遇到一些麻烦和错误。如果你利用房屋资产来建立财富，那么它将是无可估量的。3.primary:adj.more important than anything else;main 4.dominate:v.to be the largest,most important,or most noticeable part of something e.g.e
21、.g.Business News-1|VocabularyDO NOT put them in your primary folder.The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists.不要将他们列入你的主要阅读文件。这本书预期将占据畅销书榜首的位置。pact:adj.consisting of parts that are positioned together closely or in a tidy way,using very little space 6.subsidiary:n.a company that is owne
22、d by a larger companye.g.e.g.Business News-1|VocabularyWhat a compact office!How did you fit so much into so little space?WM Financial Services is a subsidiary of Washington Mutual.多么小巧的办公室！你们是如何把这么多东西塞进这么小的空间的？华盛顿互惠银行金融服务公司是华盛顿互惠银行的子公司。Business News-1|Notes1.white goods White goods，also called majo
23、r appliance,or domestic appliance,refer to large machines in home appliance used for routine housekeeping tasks such as cooking,washing laundry,or food preservation.An appliance is different from a plumbing fixture because it uses electricity or fuel.The term white goods in contrast to brown goods,i
24、s also used,primarily where British English is spoken,although definitions for the term white goods can differ.In the United States,the term white goods can also refer to linens(fabric household goods intended for daily use,such as bedding,tablecloths and towels).Business News-1|Notes2.emerging mark
25、et An emerging market is a country that has some characteristics of a developed market,but does not meet standards to be a developed market.This includes countries that may become developed markets in the future or were in the past.The economies of China and India are considered to be the largest.Th
26、e four largest emerging and developing economies by either nominal or PPP-adjusted GDP are the BRIC countries(Brazil,Russia,India and China).The next five largest markets are South Korea(though,considered a developed market),Mexico,Indonesia,Turkey,and Saudi Arabia.Iran is also considered an emergin
27、g market.Business News-1|Notes3.Euromonitor International Euromonitor International is the worlds leading independent provider of strategic market research.It creates data and analysis on thousands of products and services around the world.Its market research reports empower organisations and brands
28、 of all sizes with strategic data,analysis and consumer trends in a single,affordable resource.1.patent:n.the official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years2.year-on-year:adj.used to compare financial results with those of the same period in the previous yeare.g.e
29、.g.Business News-2|VocabularyP&G applied for a patent on its cookies.Profits were up 11%on a year-over-year basis.宝洁公司为其饼干申请了专利。利润同比增长11%。Business News-2|Vocabulary3.validate:v.to make something officially acceptable or approved,especially after examining ite.g.This discovery seems to validate the c
30、laims of George.这一发现似乎证实了乔治的一些观点。Business News-2|NotesEPO(European Patent Office)欧欧洲专利局洲专利局 The European Patent Office(EPO)is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation(EPOrg),the other being the Administrative Council.The EPO acts as executive body for the O r g a n i s a t i o n w h
31、 i l e t h eAdministrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as,to a limited extent,its legislative body.Within the European Patent Office,examiners are in charge of studying European patent applications,filed by applicants,in order to decide whether to grant a patent for an invention.The
32、 patents granted by the European Patent Office are called European patents.EPO headquarters in Munich,Germany1.confidential:adj.secret,often in a formal,business,or military situationAll information will be treated as strictly confidential.He ordered his secretary to shred important documents.2.shre
33、d:v.to destroy a document by tearing it into strips,especially in a machinee.g.e.g.Passage-1|Vocabulary所有的情报都将被视作绝密。他命令秘书将重要文件粉碎销毁。1.recognition:n.the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged His government did not receive full recognition by the United States until July.Organizational a
34、bility is an essential attribute for a good manager.2.attribute:n.a quality or characteristic that someone or something has e.g.e.g.Passage-2|Vocabulary他的政府直到7月才得到美国的完全承认。组织能力是一个优秀经理必备的素质。3.herd:n.a large group of people that is considered together as a group and not separately They are individuals;
35、they will not follow the herd.Product differentiation is essential to the future of the company.4.differentiation:n.the process of becoming or making something differente.g.e.g.Passage-2|Vocabulary他们是独立的个体；他们不会随大流。产品差异化对公司的未来至关重要。Passage-2|Vocabulary5.content:adj.pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement He seems fairly content with his life.e.g.他好像对生活相当满足。Chinese and International Culture Tour
