1、作文高分突破概要写作 12021届高考英语主要内容一篇好的概要所具备的特点概要写作中存在的问题案例分析一篇好的概要所具备的特点What is a summary?a short retelling of the main idea of a text or a topic.Examples:a news report a description of a movie a blurb on the back of a book What makes a good summary?a.A good summary should include:1.the main ideas 2.Importan
2、t detailsb.A good summary is short,true and fair.（客观、准确、公正；不渲染、不加入自己的主观评价或观点）c.A good summary is written in your own words and in a clear order that the original text is presented in.概要写作高考要求评分时主要从以下4个方面考虑：1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况 2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性 3.上下文的连贯性 4.对各要点表达的独立性情况 提供一篇350个单词左右的文章（体裁一般为说明文或议论文），要求考生基于该
3、短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要写作要心怀读者，假定读者看不到原文本，你写的文本是否 make sense。写概要时，要想象你是在对你的朋友描述或解释这篇文章。1.Unable to find the structure 2.Unable to find the key points 3.Unable to rewrite in your own words 4.Unable to write with beautiful language 概要写作中存在的主要问题1.Read it thoroughly to get the topic and structure of the pass
4、age 2.Underline topic sentence and important details in each paragraph （leave out unimportant details）3.Rely on your memory first to rewrite the main idea of each part 4.Revise it to ensure that your writing is to the point and clear and the language is well written.概要写作的过程Free reading is the best k
5、ind of homework for the students to do.Students get to choose what they want to read.Some students might read an adventure story.Others might read a mystery.Students can choose to read about topics they do not learn about in class.Students can take their time reading at home instead of having to rea
6、d only in class.案例分析请阅读下面这段文字并写概要：案例来自于 外滩英语Free reading is the best kind of homework for the students to do.Students get to choose what they want to read.Some students might read an adventure story.Others might read a mystery.Students can choose to read about topics they do not learn about in class
7、.Students can take their time reading at home instead of having to read only in class.案例分析Free reading is the best kind of homework for the students to do.Students get to choose what they want to read.Some students might read an adventure story.Others might read a mystery.Students can choose to read
8、 about topics they do not learn about in class.Students can take their time reading at home instead of having to read only in class.案例分析第一句 copying第二句 minor details最后一句 confusing order看看下面这篇概要的问题在哪儿？Free reading is the best kind of homework for the students to do.Students could read adventure storie
9、s or mysteries.I like mysteries best.They can use free reading to learn about different topics.They can also take more time to read outside of class.Students can choose what they read.第三句 your own opinion Free reading is the best homework for students.It allows students to choose what to read and le
10、arn about and also ensures them more time to read.Random reading should be acknowledged as the superb assignment for students which empowers them to obtain more alternatives and guarantees ample reading time.Students should have free reading as their homework.It is important for students to choose w
11、hat they read and learn about.Reading at home can give students more reading time.主位缺失，逻辑混乱。这篇概要的主位应该是free reading,不是students 或reading at home。辞藻华丽，晦涩难懂121.包含文章所有要点，每个要点独立，逻辑清晰。2.按照原文出现的顺序，用自己的语言表达，字数60左右。3.表达连贯，内容客观、清晰，不渲染，不参入自己的观点。4.语言准确、严谨、简练、高级。总结：什么是一篇好的概要？Topic of the article Part1 Part 2 Part
12、 3 Part4TS 1KD 1,2 KD 1,2 KD 1,2 KD 1,2 Mi 1,如何确定文章的关键信息TS 2TS 3TS 4Mi 1,Mi 1,Mi 1,How to locate the main ideas and important details?Mind Map (overall/big picture of a text,the structure of the text)Group words (words or phrases frequently appearing)Signal words (first，last，but,however,for example,
13、besides,therefore,in conclusion，on the contrary,meanwhile,on the one hand,on the other hand,someothers,consequently,)确定文章的关键信息几个策略Relationship between sentencesMind Map (structure of a text)M4U2:Chemical or Organic FarmingPara.1：introductionPara.2:problemsPara.3:solution Para.4:other solutionsproble
14、ms caused by chemicals(damage the health of people and soil)organic farming(definition,benefits)other methods to keep soil fertilechemical fertilizers(welcomed but harmful)Mind Map (structure of a text）M3U4:Communication:No Problem?Para.1 backgroundPara.2&3 problem-noticingPara.4 Problem-analyzingPa
15、ra.5 Problem-solvingMeet international students at the airport(watching them)Some major misunderstandings of their greeting body languageNot all cultures greet the same way(examples).not good or bad 2.studying international customsLike any other facility,keeping a school open requires a great deal o
16、f money.Keeping school open in the middle of summer requires air conditioning,and that adds significantly to the schools expenses.Besides,teachers must be paid for all the weeks hey are working.For example,a high school in Arizona had a cost increase of$157,ooo when they switched to year-round schoo
17、ling.Some schools may not be able to handle such increases,and other schools that can handle these expenses could be doing better things with the money.Group words can indicate the main idea.Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children.Some families have genetic
18、diseases.This means their children will for sure have the family disease,which is a great trouble for these families.In the past,doctors could do nothing about genetic diseases.But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly.Scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it,and a healt
19、hy child will be born.Group words can indicate key supporting information.As is known to all,sports stars earn large amounts of money every year.LeBron James,the famous American basketball star,for instance,earns an income of more than 20 million dollars a year.Some people hold the view that these s
20、tars do not deserve the high pay that they are getting.Some even argue that sports stars do nothing to society apart from entertaining people.Their contribution to society are much less than those made by doctors,firemen,scientists,professors,etc.But I can never agree with that.Signal words may help
21、 to locate main idea.but,however等后面的信息一般是段落的重要信息举例后的信息一般属于次要信息 Actually,vacation happiness is based on the following top rules.First,choose your travel companions wisely,because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions.Second,dont spend your vacation time in a place
22、 where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood.Third,shop wisely,for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.Signal words may help to locate key details.3个Rules要作为重要细节写到概要中 The biggest factor in short-sightedness is a lack of time spent
23、 outdoors.Exposure to daylight helps the retina(视网膜)to release a chemical that slows down an increase in the eyes axial length,which is what most often causes myopia(近视).A combination of not being outdoors and doing lots of work focusing up close(like writing characters or reading)worsens the proble
24、m.But if a child has enough time in the open,they can study all they like and their eyesight should not suffer,says Ian Morgan of Australian National University.Topic sentenceexplanationfurther informationfurther explanationRelationship between sentences in a paragraph作文高分突破概要写作 22021届高考英语浙江省新高英语写作浙
25、江省新高英语写作 概要写作创新练 The development of gardensStep 1:Read for the main idea of the whole passage Step 2:Analyze the structure of the whole passage (Whats the relationship between each paragraph?)Step 3:Locate(确定)the main idea of each paragraph Keep important details/Leave out unimportant informationSte
26、p 4:Write the summary in your own words(language)请阅读下面的文章，确定文章的主题及结构：The modern garden has a history going back many thousands of years.Early humans were hunters and gatherers,travelling from place to place following the food(plants and animals)according to the seasons.During the Neolithic period(ov
27、er 10,000 years ago)this slowly began to change;humans started to domesticate certain plants,which meant they could remain in one place and grow their own food.The first“garden”,was a vegetable-garden,where early humans cultivated different types of plants for food.Gardens today are beautiful places
28、 to go and relax,but have had many purposes over the years.In the past they were planted to honour the gods,or used in religious ceremonies such as funerals and weddings.Certain trees were also sacred in some cultures;The ancient Greeks planted groves for their Gods,and many cultures believed garden
29、s were holy.They were also a way to show that their owners were rich or powerful.Ancient rulers created huge gardens to display their wealth.In Roman times the garden became an extension of the house,representing the owners status in society,rather than a holy place.Sir Francis Bacon described garde
30、ns as“the purest of human pleasures”.Pleasure and happiness are ideas linked with gardens.The ancient Greeks believed growing food was a job for the poor,but gardens were places for enjoyment and contemplation.The English word paradise comes from the ancient Persian word Pairidaeza meaning a walled
31、space,a garden.The gardens of the Middle East,described in The Arabian Nights,were places of great beauty and splendour where people enjoyed the pleasures of life.As gardens have developed over the years,design and beauty have become more and more important.Humans have learnt to control nature and t
32、o design gardens precisely,like a work of art or a building.The Gardens of Versailles in France are an excellent example of“garden architecture”,everything is symmetrical and even the trees are pruned to fit in with the design.Carefully planned or not,gardens are still beautiful and relaxing places
33、to visit.On a fine day you might even find a little part of paradise,if you look hard enough.1.Main idea of the whole passage?2.The structure of the passage?The history and development of gardensPara.1:the start of gardens Para.2,3,4:the different purposes of gardens over time Para.5:the development
34、 of garden designs making gardens works of art The modern garden has a history going back many thousands of years.Early humans were hunters and gatherers,travelling from place to place following the food(plants and animals)according to the seasons.During the Neolithic period(over 10,000 years ago)th
35、is slowly began to change;humans started to domesticate certain plants,which meant they could remain in one place and grow their own food.The first“garden”,was a vegetable-garden,where early humans cultivated different types of plants for food.段落大意及要点分析 Para.1 说明:红色划线部分是本段的主题：花园有几千年的历史。蓝色划线部分是支持主题句的
36、重要信息：起源及原因。Para.1 段落大意可概括为：Gardens have a long history starting from early humans growing plants for food in a settled place thousands of years ago.Gardens were first created in the Neolithic period when humans started to domesticate plants for food.Many thousands of years ago,humans started to grow
37、 plants to produce food,creating the first gardens.Gardens today are beautiful places to go and relax,but have had many purposes over the years.In the past they were planted to honour the gods,or used in religious ceremonies such as funerals and weddings.Certain trees were also sacred in some cultur
38、es;The ancient Greeks planted groves for their Gods,and many cultures believed gardens were holy.They were also a way to show that their owners were rich or powerful.Ancient rulers created huge gardens to display their wealth.In Roman times the garden became an extension of the house,representing th
39、e owners status in society,rather than a holy place.Sir Francis Bacon described gardens as“the purest of human pleasures.”Pleasure and happiness are ideas linked with gardens.The ancient Greeks believed growing food was a job for the poor,but gardens were places for enjoyment and contemplation.The E
40、nglish word paradise comes from the ancient Persian word Pairidaeza meaning a walled space,a garden.The gardens of the Middle East,described in The Arabian Nights,were places of great beauty and splendour where people enjoyed the pleasures of life.说明:这三段话的内容同属于一个主题：从前人们种植花园的目的或功能。红色划线部分是主题句，蓝色划线部分是重
41、要信息：花园的三个功能。其它内容是对花园三个功能的解释，为次要信息。段落大意及要点分析 Para.2,3,4 Over history,people have planted gardens for religious purposes,as a symbol of wealth and status as well as a source of life pleasure.Gardens have evolved over time for different purposes,some religious,some representing the owners wealth or sta
42、tus,and some for relaxation and pleasure.Since ancient times,gardens have had different functions,such as being used for religious purposes,displaying their owners wealth or status and offering people pleasure and relaxation.Para.2,3,4 段落大意可概括为：As gardens have developed over the years,design and bea
43、uty have become more and more important.Humans have learnt to control nature and to design gardens precisely,like a work of art or a building.The Gardens of Versailles in France are an excellent example of“garden architecture”,everything is symmetrical and even the trees are pruned to fit in with th
44、e design.Carefully planned or not,gardens are still beautiful and relaxing places to visit.On a fine day you might even find a little part of paradise,if you look hard enough.说明:红色划线部分是该段的主题：花园设计的发展形成了园林建筑，花园发展成为一种艺术作品。段落大意及要点分析 Para.5 With more importance attached to the garden design and its beaut
45、y,gardens have become like works of art.Over time,people have valued gardens design and beauty more,making gardens an art work for people to visit and enjoy.Gardens have grown to include“garden architecture”as people pay more attention to its design and beauty.Para.5 段落大意可概括为：完成概要写作:1.用恰当的衔接词把每段的要点连
46、接在一起。2.注意词数，不超过80词。3.通读一遍，看要点之间是否独立，内容是否连贯，逻辑是否通顺。4.检查语言的表达是否准确，有无语法、拼写及标点的错误。Possible version 1:Gardens were first created in the Neolithic period when humans started to domesticate plants for food.(要点1)Over history,people have planted gardens for religious purposes,as a symbol of wealth and status
47、 as well as a source of life pleasure.(要点2)With more importance attached to the garden design and its beauty and garden architecture developing accordingly,gardens have become like works of art.(要点3)(63 words)Gardens have a long history with thousands of years,starting from early humans growing plan
48、ts for food in a settled place.(要点1)Since ancient times,gardens have had different purposes,some religious,some representing the owners wealth or status,and some for relaxation and pleasure.(要点2)Over time,people have valued gardens design and beauty more,making gardens an art work for people to visi
49、t and enjoy.(要点3)(66 words)Possible version 2:Many thousands of years ago,humans started to grow plants to produce food,creating the first gardens.(要点1)Over time,gardens have evolved with different functions,such as being used for religious purposes,displaying their owners wealth or status and offer
50、ing people pleasure and relaxation.(要点2)Meanwhile,gardens have grown to include“garden architecture”as people pay more attention to its design and beauty.(要点3)(62 words)Possible version 3:How to locate the main ideas and important details?Mind Map (overall/big picture of a text,the structure of the
