1、初中英语初中英语现在分词现在分词&过去分词过去分词 2014.11.18动词的六种形式：动词的六种形式：ldo ldoesldidldoinglto doldone谓语非谓语现在分词在句中可以作表语、定语、现在分词在句中可以作表语、定语、补足语和状语。补足语和状语。lHis speech is exciting.lHe gets so excited that he doesnt sleep all night.lThe movie looks terrifying.lThe boy keeps smiling all morning.lThis story is very interesti
2、ng.lThe news sounds encouraging.常见的现在分词如下：moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,astonishing,missing等二、作定语：二、作定语：l We see the rising sun every morning.l China is a developing country.l Please wake up that sleeping boy.l The girl sitting next to him is his sister.Im waiti
3、ng for the train leaving for Beijing.lThe man standing there is Tom.lDid you see the girl dancing with your brother?lWe lived in a room facing the south.A、在感官动词、在感官动词feel,hear,notice,observe,find,see,smell,watch等之后等之后作宾补或主补。如：作宾补或主补。如：l I heard my sister singing that song.（宾补）（宾补）l My sister was hea
4、rd singing that song outside.（主补）（主补）l I found John reading that book.（宾补）（宾补）l John was found reading that book.（主补）（主补）l We found him waiting to receive us.（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）l He saw people coming and going.(宾补宾补)l People were seen coming and going.(主补主补)三、作宾语补足语或主语补足语。三、作宾语补足语或主语补足语。B、在使役动词、在使役动词get,
5、have,bring(致使致使),keep(使使),leave(使使),set(使开始使开始)等之后作宾补或主补。等之后作宾补或主补。如：如：They kept me waiting for a long time.I wont have you shouting at me the way.The children kept the fire burning all the time.C、在其他动词、在其他动词catch，detect，discover，want等等之后作宾补或主补。如：之后作宾补或主补。如：The manager caught me smoking in the offic
6、e again.We dont want you becoming too confident.四、作状语：现在分词作状语成分，四、作状语：现在分词作状语成分，可以置于句子主体之前或之后。可以置于句子主体之前或之后。2、表条件，可以转化成条件状语从句：、表条件，可以转化成条件状语从句：Working hard,you will succeed.=If you work hard,you can succeed.Buying this clothes,you can get that T-shirt for free.=If you buy this clothes,you can get th
7、at T-shirt for free.3、表原因，可以转化成原因状语从句、表原因，可以转化成原因状语从句Being ill,she did not go to school yesterday.=Because she was ill,she did not go to school yesterday.Having Left the key at home,he could not enter his office.=Because he had left the key at home,he could not enter his office.4、表让步，可以转化成让步状语从句、表让步
8、，可以转化成让步状语从句Having failed many times,he did not lost heart.=Though he had failed many times,he did not lose heart.Considering for so long a time,he had no idea about it.=Though he considered for so long a time,he had no idea about it.B：表示结果、方式、伴随等意义的状语成分多置于：表示结果、方式、伴随等意义的状语成分多置于句子主体之后，可用也可不用逗号与主体部分隔
9、开。句子主体之后，可用也可不用逗号与主体部分隔开。3、表伴随He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.He was awake，thinking of the problem.五、作独立成分：五、作独立成分：有些含有分词的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。有些含有分词的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。如：如：according to根据；根据；judging from（从（从.来判断）来判断）;generally(frankly/exactly)speaking 一般地（坦率地一般地（坦率地/确切确切地）说地）说;considering
10、（考虑到）（考虑到）;talking of（说到）（说到）.;supposing that（假使）（假使）.；seeing that（鉴于）（鉴于）.等。等。根据定义或解释猜测词义根据定义或解释猜测词义技巧技巧 1 A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.calendar 日历日历The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.herdsman 牧人Considering his health，he was made to s
11、tay at home。Generally speaking,boys like sports more than girls do.Judging from the expression on his face,he is unhappy.According to the law,every person has the freedom to speech.技巧技巧 2Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，however，we feel that they are intric
12、ate and hard to solveIntricate 复杂的技巧技巧 3 根据同义词的替代关系猜词义根据同义词的替代关系猜词义In the ancient city of Rome,we visited every mansion,church,battle site,theatre and other public halls.mansion 建筑物或场所建筑物或场所技巧技巧 4 Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.sedate 安静的安静的技巧技巧 5 All his at
13、tempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.futile 徒劳的徒劳的技巧技巧 6The old man put on his spectacles and began to read spectacles 老花镜老花镜1.China is our motherland.2.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.3.Its really cold outside,and my hands are both numb.(祖国祖国)(
14、育儿袋育儿袋)(冻僵了的冻僵了的,麻木的麻木的,失去知觉的失去知觉的)根据构词法猜测词义根据构词法猜测词义技巧技巧 7He has renamed the restaurant“Paradise”.rename 重新起名，改名重新起名，改名1).前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。2).后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。3).后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate、calculator，visit
15、、visitor，law、lawyer，wait、waiter，science、scientist，art、artist等。1.根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心小心)careful(小心的小心的)carefully(小小心地心地);write(写写)rewrite(改写改写)。un-;dis-;-less:;mis-:;re-:;-ern:-er,-or,-ist:;2.根据根据“合成词合成词”猜测。猜测。如如school+bag schoolbag down+stairs downstairs不无错误再,重复,重新表方向表示人Exercise
16、s:Match the meaning with the new words.Exercises:Match the meaning with the new words.1.rebuild2.modernize3.man-made4.unsafe 5.misunderstan-dingA.不安全的B.误解C.重建D.现代化E.人造的根据因果关系猜测词义根据因果关系猜测词义技巧技巧 8lYou shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.blame 责备表示因果关系的表示因果关系的：because,as,since,for,
17、so,as a result表示同义关系的表示同义关系的：and,like,just as表示反义关系的表示反义关系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)等等。出场率高的关联词出场率高的关联词1.I could see nothing because the light was so faint 2.Tom is very rude,but his brother is quite polite.3.She is beautiful,and her daughter is as pretty as her.(昏暗的）昏暗的）(有礼貌的有礼貌的
18、)(漂亮的漂亮的)Now there are many houses around the lake.people often use chemicals in their gardens.They use other chemicals in side their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫昆虫).There are also many businessmen.Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.“Chemical”in the story means_.A.化学家化
19、学家 B 污染品污染品 C 药品药品 D.化学制品化学制品D练习 1.A lot of the worlds natural resources like oil come from poor countries.A.环境环境 B.资源资源 C.汽油汽油2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.A.帽子帽子 B.雨鞋雨鞋 C.眼镜眼镜3.My mom was a little heavy.And I was almost as plump as my mom.A.丰满丰满 B.苗条苗条 C.强壮强壮4.Children have
20、 schoolbags with two straps to carry them.A.口袋口袋 B.肩带肩带 C.纽扣纽扣Exercises:Choose the right answer.2.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health.4.The boy had a happy family before.However,after the war,he became homeless.Exercises:Guess the meaning of the new words quickly.1.Wealthy mea
21、ns having lots of money.5.You must stop dreaming and face reality.(富裕的，有钱的）(有害的)(现实)3.My mother-in-law,my husbands mother,was a teacher.(婆婆)(无家可归的）When Jack first heard about these children,he wanted to help them.Once Jack went to meet a little girl in Africa.“When I met her,I felt very very happy.”
22、He said“And I saw that the money was used for a good cause.I want to do everything I want to go on helping those children.”65.The underlined words“for a good cause”means “_”in Chinese.A.施舍 B.行善 C.优惠 D.赏赐【剖析】单从【剖析】单从cause一词很难判断，一词很难判断，cause有有“原因，理由，事业原因，理由，事业”，也有，也有“使使引起、使招致的意思。因为整篇文章说的是引起、使招致的意思。因为整
23、篇文章说的是Jack给儿童的捐款行为。划线短给儿童的捐款行为。划线短语的句子的意思是：他看到这些钱用于语的句子的意思是：他看到这些钱用于”行善行善“，这给他带来很多快乐。，这给他带来很多快乐。【考题再现】【考题再现】（重庆中考题）四四 推理判断题推理判断题 推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，设计面广，如人物的性格、心此类题目难度大，设计面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度
24、等。其题目设计的方式一般有：者的倾向、态度等。其题目设计的方式一般有：常见的提问方式 According to the passage，what/which is“”?Which of the following statement is(not)true/correct/mentioned/listed/included?All of the following statements are true/correct/mentioned except_?根据根据下面的下面的陈述，表述陈述，表述正确的正确的正确的正确的提到的提到的列出的列出的 包括的包括的容易选错的干扰项：容易选错的干扰项：l
25、选项中意思虽然与原文相符，但是只是涉及一些细枝末节，不符合题干。l选项内容与原文无关,或者是对文章内容作了张冠李戴的处理。l选项是对原文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论。l选项的内容纯属主观臆断得出的结论，文章根本没有提及。解题策略：解题策略：l做这类题目时，大家必须透过文章的字做这类题目时，大家必须透过文章的字面意思，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，面意思，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。找出体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推
26、理。符合逻辑的推理。1）根据常识判断根据常识判断 One day we invited some friends to dinner.When it was about six oclock,my wife found that we had little bread.So she asked our five-year-old daughter,Kathy,to buy some.One day,Kathys parents invited some friends to_.A.have breakfast B.have lunch C.have supper D.have a party.
27、C2)根据计算判断根据计算判断 If everyone sets their air conditioning 空调at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours千瓦时 of electricity in one summer.Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,”said a TV advertisement.Beijing will use_ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer.A.1200 B
28、.800 C.400AlMr Brown first went to look at the underground-fire when he was seven.Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire,but you had to look fast because it was so hot,said Mr Brown.In 1898,he saw the fire once more（再一次）.1.Mr Brown first saw the underground-fire _.A.at the age
29、 of seven B.seven years oldC.in the year of 1898 D.more than（超过）80 years ago AParty in Taiwan.On his nine-day trip from May 5-13,he visited Xian,Nanjing,Shanghai and Changsha,as well as Beijing.Soong,63,was born in Xiangtan,Hunan Province in 1942.He went to Taiwan with his father at the age of seven
30、.67.Soong went to Taiwan with his father in _.A.1942 B.1945 C.1949 D.1948C例题：例题：The United States became an independent country in 1783,and New York Was its capital for a short time.The United States became an independent country in _.A.the 17th century B.the 16th centuryC.the 18th century D.the 19t
31、h century注意年与世纪的关系，例如：1867年是19世纪，1990年是20世纪,2008年是21世纪。C3)知识推断题知识推断题 根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得根据细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。Tokyo：Three snakes,whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes,are guarding a blue star sapphire（蓝宝石）（蓝宝石）worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanes
32、e exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum.“Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects,but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,”a police said.The jewels was being shown in _.A.an Indian hotel B.an Indian museum C
33、.a Japanese hotel D.a Japanese museumC3.逻辑结论推断题逻辑结论推断题 根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文而不是根据自己的经验、态度或观点去理解文章的内涵。章的内涵。My father has little time for films.But one day as he finished his work,he found a film ticket under the glass on
34、 the desk.He went to the cinema quickly.When he was seated,a woman came to my father and said the seat was hers.They both took out their tickets and found the seat shown on them was Row 8,Seat 16.After looking at the ticket more carefully,my father said,“Sorry,its not todays ticket.”lFrom this passa
35、ge we can know that the writers father was _.careless4.细节推断题细节推断题 为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主为了阐明主题，作者将陈述一些事实来支持主题，如题，如what,who,where,when,等，即等，即“supporting details”。所依据的所依据的 细节细节lWhen the bell was ringing.The boys came into the room.Each one had a bat or a ball.All had red faces.They were glad to get into
36、 their seats.The teacher said it was time to get back to work.Which of the following sentence is probably true?A.The class was over.B.The boys had just come back from playing.C.The teacher told the boys to work.B很可能的很可能的Exercise Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful.For example,Mr.Bell sometimes goes t
37、o his office for work on Sunday morning,for he thinks it is Monday.And Mrs.Bell some-times forget to cook supper for the family.One summer they planned to fly to New York for their holidays.They got to the airport only ten minutes before the plane took off.So time was short.But suddenly Mrs.Bell sai
38、d she must tell Alice,their daughter,not to forget to lock the front door when she went to school.As Alice was then at school,they couldnt tell her about it by telephone.So they hurried to the post office.Mrs.Bell wrote a short note to Alice while Mr.Bell bought a stamp and an envelo-pe.Soon the not
39、e was ready.They put the stamp on the envelope in a hurry and dropped it in the letter box.But suddenly Mrs.Bell began to cry.The short note was still in her hand.She had put the plane tickets in the envelope.()(1).The word“forgetful”means_.A.忘记 B.健忘的 C.难忘的()(2).How did they plan to go to New York o
40、nesummer?A.by plane B.by train C.by bus()(3).Because Alice was then ay school,they had to _to Alice.A.phone B.write a note C.send a E-mail()(4).What did they drop _in the letter box?A.a note B.the tickets C.the money()(5).The main idea of this passage is_.A.Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful.B.Mr.an
41、d Mrs.Bell planned to fly to New York.C.Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very old.1.Read the article for 2 minutes,and find the key sentence of the article.BABBA49.What do you think of the taxi driver?_A.He was not an honest person.B.He liked to work very hard.C.He was good at driving D.He was a kind and clever
42、man选选A.出租车司机在火车站在载了一名客人去一个很近的酒店，但他却绕路多赚车费。出租车司机在火车站在载了一名客人去一个很近的酒店，但他却绕路多赚车费。客人非常气愤地说：客人非常气愤地说：“What?Fifteen dollars?Do you think Im a fool?Only last week,I took a taxi from the rail station to the same hotel and I only give the driver thirteen dollars.”从从When the taxi driver heard that,he didnt fee
43、l happy any more及及But suddenly,he had an idea.He took the passenger through many streets of the city可知司机可知司机不诚实。诚实的人还用绕道吗？不诚实。诚实的人还用绕道吗？Summary阅读技巧：阅读技巧：1.浏览问题，通读全文浏览问题，通读全文 2.抓住中心句抓住中心句 （标题，首段，每段的首尾句，总（标题，首段，每段的首尾句，总-分分-总总,总总-分）分）3.克服以下不良习惯：克服以下不良习惯：心读，一个词一个心读，一个词一个词的看，只读不记词的看，只读不记 4.遇到生词要沉着冷静遇到生词要
44、沉着冷静 一、根据文章内容判断正误 Fred telephoned his wife.“Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,”he told her.“Meet me outside the office.Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased.They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time.She met her husband as he told he
45、r.They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets.“Its very strange,”he said.“They arent here!”“Try your pockets,”said his wife.But the tickets werent there,either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed(尴尬).“Whats the matter?”asked his wife.
46、“Well,”Fred said,“I remember what I did with my tickets.I put them in my bag.But because I wasnt going home,I left it in the office!”()1.One day,Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.()2.Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.()3.Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.()4.They
47、reached the theatre neither late nor early.()5.Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.1 1、T T 因为第一段中提到因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife Fred told his wife “Ive got two free tickets “Ive got two free tickets”“free”“free”此处是免费的意思。此处是免费的意思。2 2、F F 第二段中提到第二段中提到“They
48、 hadnt been to the theaterThey hadnt been to the theater for a long time.”for a long time.”3 3、F F 第一段中第一段中FredFred说说“Meet me outside the office.”Meet me outside the office.”4 4、T T 第二段中第二段中“in time”in time”是及时的意思。是及时的意思。5T 5T 结尾处提到的。结尾处提到的。David McConnell sold books from door to door.Housewives(家庭主
49、妇)were not interested in the books.Usually before he had enough time to say anything about his books,the women closed their doors.But he didnt give up.McConnell decided to bring each of them a present,a small bottle of perfume(香水)made by himself.He soon found that the women liked the perfume better
50、than the books.He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company“Avon”,which is a great success.When you do nothing,you learn nothing.But when you try,even though you are not successful,you will learn what doesnt work and that puts you closer to what will work.It doesnt ma
