1、初高中英语知识衔接初高中英语知识衔接（二）（二）简单句的简单句的5种基本类型种基本类型简单句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型1SVi（主语 不及物动词）I can swim.我会游泳。主语 谓语（不及物动词）Everything changes.万物都在变。主语 谓语The plane has already arrived.飞机已经抵达。主语 谓语2SVtO（主语及物动词宾语）I like English.我喜欢英语。主语 谓语(Vt)宾语They are reading books.他们在看书。主语 谓语(Vt
2、)宾语He bought a computer last week.他上周买了台电脑。主语 谓语(Vt)宾语3.SVP（主语连系动词表语）My mother is a scientist.我母亲是个科学家。主语 谓语(系动词)表语She looks young.她看上去很年轻。主语 谓语(系动词)表语The food tastes very delicious.这食物尝起来很香。主语 谓语(系动词)表语4.SVtOiOd（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语Can you give m
3、e the math book?谓语 主语 谓语 Oi OdWill you tell us something about your school life?谓语 主语 谓语 Oi Od5.S Vt O C（主语及物动词宾语补语）We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语I heard her singing happily in the room just now.S V O C 作业
4、2：简单句句子类型练习 SVi（主语 不及物动词）.A SVtO（主语及物动词宾语）.B SVP（主语连系动词表语）C SVtOiOd（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语.D S Vt O C（主语及物动词宾语补语）.E一一.指出下列句子的基本类型指出下列句子的基本类型,请选择请选择ABCDE.1They are listening.2My mother is fifty now.3I have bought three books.4My friend gave me a birthday present.5I painted the wall white.6The boss often make
5、s the workers work twelve hours a day.7They arrived at six oclock.8The map is on the wall9Children often sing this song.10Mr Wu teaches us English.11She showed her friends all her pictures.12I find him a lovely boy.二二.请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种分别属于简单句中的哪种(请选择请选择ABCDE)。
6、1.Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2.The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3.We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4.The new rule came out.5.Environmental groups welcome the new rule.6.They can stop using plastic bags.7.Shops dont offer f
7、ree plastic bags to their consumers.8.The most important thing is to solve the problem in time.作业2：简单句句子类型练习 答案：一：1-5 CCBDE 6-10EACBD 11-12DE二：1.Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2.The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3.We should encourage people to return to
8、carrying cloth bags.4.The new rule came out.5.Enviornmental groups welcome the new rule.6.They can stop using plastic bags.7.Shops dont offer free plastic bags to their consumers.8.The most important thing is to solve the problem in time.1-8 BCEAB DC初高中英语知识衔接初高中英语知识衔接（三）（三）英语句子的种类英语句子的种类 （一）（一）（按结构分
9、：简单句、并列句和复合句）（按结构分：简单句、并列句和复合句）简单句 并列句 复合句句子里只有一个主谓结构，且各个成分都只由单词或短语句子里只有一个主谓结构，且各个成分都只由单词或短语构成。共有构成。共有5 5种结构种结构。用并列连词把用并列连词把两个或两个两个或两个以上的以上的简单句简单句连接起来的句连接起来的句子。并列连词有子。并列连词有and,but,or,so,for and,but,or,so,for 等。等。一个句子里又一个句子里又包含一个或多个句子充当其成分的句子包含一个或多个句子充当其成分的句子。大句子叫主句，充当成分、附属于大句子的句子叫从句。大句子叫主句，充当成分、附属于大
10、句子的句子叫从句。并列句：用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子。并列连词有and,but,or,so,for等。He is a student,and I am a teacher.He likes football,but I like basketball.You must go early,or you will miss the bus.你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。I am thirsty,for it is hot.我口渴，因为天气太热。复合句复合句：一个句子里又包含：一个句子里又包含一个或多个句子充当成分一个或多个句子充当成分的句子的句子。大句子叫主句，充当成
11、分、附属于大句子的。大句子叫主句，充当成分、附属于大句子的句子叫从句。句子叫从句。1.I believe that you are right.我相信你是对的。2.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.3.What I want is a book.我所想要的是一本书。4.The boy who is sitting under the tree is Tom 坐在树下的男孩是Tom.主句的宾语，叫做宾语从句主句的状语，叫做状语从句主句的主语，叫做主语从句主句的定语，叫做定语从句
12、初高中英语知识衔接初高中英语知识衔接（三）（三）英语句子的种类（二）英语句子的种类（二）（按句子的功能可分为（按句子的功能可分为4 4类：类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，和感叹句）陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，和感叹句）一：陈述句一：陈述句:用来陈述一件事情，或表述说话人的看法 1肯定式：主语谓语I came here last night.我是昨晚到这儿的。The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。We have many friends.我们有很多朋友。Zhang Hong likes dancing.张红喜欢跳舞。陈述句陈述句:用来陈述一件事情，或表述说话人的看
13、法 2否定式：如果句子的谓语动词是behave或有助动词和情态动词，在它们之后加not构成否定式。China is not a developed country.中国不是一个发达国家。We cant live without air.没有空气，我们就不能生存。They will not(wont)go there.他们将不去那里。如果句子的谓语是行为动词，而又没有助动词或情态动词时，在谓语动词前加助动词do(第三人称单数用does，过去式用did)再加not构成否定式。I want to go.I dont want to go.He likes English.He doesnt like
14、 English.分类分类 特点特点 例句例句一般一般疑问句疑问句特殊特殊疑问句疑问句反义反义疑问句疑问句选择选择疑问句疑问句二：疑问句二：疑问句 用来提出问题。分为以下四类：1.句首是be动词、助动词do或have(包括did/does,has/had)或情态动词，句末是问号。2.用yes 和no进行回答。Are you Students?Do you like football?Can you speak English?Have you fininshed your work?1.句首是疑问代词或疑问副词，句末是问号。直接对疑问代词或疑问副词进行回答2.常用结构：疑问词（在句中不充当主语
15、）+一般疑问句；疑问词（在句中充当主语）+谓语+其它+？What do you like?你喜欢什么？Where is Tom?Tom在哪里？How can I help you?我怎样才能帮你？Who likes football?谁喜欢足球？He is a student,isnt he?他是一个学生，不是吗？He doesnt like football,does he?他不喜欢足球，是吗？以or连接提问的两个部分，以供选择。Is he a student or a worker?他是学生还是工人？将这四个一般疑问句变成陈述句：1.You are students.2.You like
16、football.3.You can speak English.4.You have finished your work.陈述句变一般疑问句方法：1.be动词、助动词和情态动词变一般疑问句，直接将这些词提前。2.行为动词和除be动词以外的系动词，变一般疑问句直接在句首加do或does或did。前一部分陈述一件事实，后一部分对前面的陈述提出相反的疑问。即前一部分如果是肯定结构，后一部分用否定结构;如果前一部分是否定结构，后一部分用肯定结构。Exercises:The teacher had a word with you,_?A.didnt he B.hadnt he C.didnt hav
17、e he D.did not he2.You wont take back what you said,_?A.didnt you B.will you C.arent you D.were you3.Lets go to watch the football match,_?A.do we B.dont we C.shall we D.will you 4.Your family has no colour TV set,_?A.hasnt it B.doesnt it C.is it D.does it5.Miss Liu doesnt like dancing,does she?-_A.
18、No,she does B.No,she do C.Yes,she does D.Yes,she is 6.Theres something wrong with the radio,_?A.hasnt there B.doesnt there C.isnt there D.is there三三.祈使句：祈使句：Eg.Sit down,please!请坐下！Give me a piece of paper!给我一张纸！Dont waste your time!不要浪费你的时间!Lets go!我们走吧！补充考点：祈使句的反义疑问句 1.肯定祈使句，反义疑问部分用will you或wont yo
19、u Give me a piece of paper,will you?(或wont you?)2.否定祈使句，反义疑问部分只用will you?Dont waste your time,will you?用来表示命令或请求，说话的对象是第二人称用来表示命令或请求，说话的对象是第二人称you,you,但常常被省略但常常被省略 。常。常用动词原形开头。否定祈使句在句首加用动词原形开头。否定祈使句在句首加dontdont 句型句型 结构结构（eg.1.How beautiful she is!）eg.2.What a clever boy he is!eg.3.What clever studen
20、ts they are!eg.4 What bad news it is!1.How+2.What+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词+其它名词或名词词组+主语+谓语动词+其它四四.感叹句：感叹句：。可数名词单数、复数名词或不可数名词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感的句子。常用what或how（表多么）引导，句末用“！”。感叹句练习：用what或how 填空1._ warm it is in winter in Hong Kong!2._ a wonderful performance we had last night!3._ clever students they are!4._ delicious food!5._ a lovely day we are having today!6._ bad news it is!7._ hard the students of Class One are working on the farm!8._ a wonderful time we had last night!HowWhatWhatWhatWhatWhatHowWhat
