1、History and Anthology of English LiteratureWhat is Literature?Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing.It comes from human interest in telling a story,in arranging words in artistic forms,in describing in words some aspects of human experiences.Literature shows us not only what a
2、society is like in a certain age,but also what individuals feel about it,what they hope from it,and how they can change it or escape from it.文学就是人学。文学就是人学。钱谷融钱谷融 Literature is the study of Literature is the study of(social)human beings.(social)human beings.文学作品主要就是描写人在社会文学作品主要就是描写人在社会中的沧桑沉浮。中的沧桑沉浮。A
3、 literary work is something A literary work is something mainly to portray how humans mainly to portray how humans struggle to succeed and fail struggle to succeed and fail in the society.in the society.Four Genres of Literature Fiction Myths,parables(allegory),romances,novels,short stories Poetry R
4、elies on imagery,figurative(比喻的，修饰丰富的)language,sound Drama Made up of dialogue and set direction Designed to be performed Prose News reports,feature articles,essays,editorials,textbooks,historical and biographical worksAn Outline of English LiteraturelI Anglo-Saxon Period(499-1066)lII Anglo-Norman P
5、eriod(1066-1350)lIII Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)l The Renaissance Period (1485-early 17th century)l The 17th Centuryl The 18th Century.l The Romantic Age(1789-1837)l English Literature of Victorian Age(1837-1901)l 20th Century LiteratureI.Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)This period extended from about 4
6、49-1066,the year of the Norman-French conquest of England.The Germanic tribes from Europe who overrun（横行于）England in the 5th century,after the Roman withdraw,brought with the Old English,or Anglo-Saxon language,which is the basis of modern English.They brought also a specific poetic tradition,the fo
7、rmal character of which remained surprisingly constant until the termination of their rule by the Norman-French invaders 6 centuries later.AchievementslPoetry lMuch of old English poetry was probably intended to be chanted,with harp(a kind of instrument in Chinese means 竖琴)accompaniment,by Anglo-Sax
8、on scop(poet in Chinese means 吟游诗人),often bold and strong,but also mournful and elegiac(sad)in spirit.lMajor achievement:BeowulfII.The Anglo-Norman Period II.The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)(1066-1350)lThis period began from 1066,the year of the Norman-French conquest of England.The literature the
9、y brought to England is remarkable for its bright,romantic tales of love and adventure,in contrast with the strength and somberness of Anglo-Saxon poetry.lAchievement Legend Arthurian Legend Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)lGeoffrey Chaucer:the“father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrative p
10、oets of England Chaucers creative work vividly reflected the changes which had taken root in English culture of the second half of the 14th century.His poetry traces out a path to the literature of English Renaissance.The Renaissance Period(1485-early 17th century)Literary Trends:Renaissance and Hum
11、anism The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.This period is characterized by the influence of the classics(in literature,language,and philosophy),as well as an optimistic forward-thinking approach to the potential of humans(known as Renaissance humanism).Writers and
12、 Works:Thomas More:Utopia 乌托邦乌托邦 Edmund Spenser:Faerie Queene 仙后仙后 Francis Bacon:Essays 论说文集论说文集 William ShakespearenWorks:n154 sonnets,37 plays,2 long poemsComedy:A Midsummer Nights Dream,Twelfth Night,As You Like It,Merchant of VenicenTragedies:Hamlet,Othello,King Lear,Macbeth,Romeo and Juliet nHi
13、story Plays:Henry IV The earlier seventeenth century,and especially the period of the English Revolution(164060),was a time of intense ferment in all areas of life religion,science,politics,domestic relations,culture.The 17th CenturynJohn Milton:Paradise Lost 失乐园失乐园nJohn Buyan:The Pilgrims Progress
14、天路历程天路历程nJohn Donne:Songs and Sonnets 歌与十四行诗歌与十四行诗Writers and works:Literary TraitsEnlightenment and Neoclassism,the early age of Romanticism The Enlightenment movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept the whole western Europe at the time.The enlightenment
15、ers celebrated reason or rationality,equality and science.They called for a reference to order,reason and rule.In the field of literature,enlightenmenters believed that the artistic should be order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracy.seek proportion,unity,harmony and grace in literary expression,i
16、n an effort to delight,instruct and correct human beings.Neoclassicism.A revival in literature in the late 17th and 18th centuries,characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason,form,and restraint.Poetry:Alexander Pope:The Rape of the Rock 劫发记劫发记 Prose:Jonathan Swift:Guillivers Travels
17、 格列佛游记格列佛游记 The Rise of the Realistic Novel：Daniel Defoe:Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记鲁宾逊漂流记 The Romantic Age(1789-1837)nThe literary views:Romanticism constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.It tends to see the indiv
18、idual as the very center of all life and all experience.It also places the individual at the center of art.A:Poetry:nWilliam Wordsworth&Samuel Taylor Coleridge:Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集抒情歌谣集nByron:Dan Juan 唐璜唐璜nShelley:Ode to the West Wind 西风颂西风颂nJohn Keats:Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂夜莺颂 B.Drama:nByron:Man
19、fred 曼弗雷德曼弗雷德 nShelley:Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯解放了的普罗米修斯C.Novel:n Jane Austen:Sense and Sensibility Pride and Prejudice Emman Walter Scott:Ivanhoe Features of the Victorian Literature:Realism Victorian literature,as a product of its age,naturally took on its quality of magnitude&diversity.It was
20、 many-sided and complex,and reflected both romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in peoples life and thought.Great writers and great works abounded.English Literature of Victorian Age Charles Dickens Oliver Twist,David Copperfield,Great Expectations,A Tale of Two Cities
21、 William Thackeray Vanity Fair Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights Thomas Hardy Tess of the dUrbevilles o The century was a period of great artistic change,and is dominated by the impact of World War I(191418)and World War II(193945),as well as by the artistic concerns of moder
22、nism(which affected both themes and methods of writing).20th Century English Literatureo Literature Before 1950s Literary Traits:Modernism Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorte
23、d,alienated and ill relationships between man and nature,man and society,man and man,and man and himself.The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective.They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual.A.Poetry:o T.S.Eliot:The Waste LandB.Drama:o George Benard Shaw:Saint Joan C.Novel:o Henry James:Daisy Miller o Joseph Conrad:Lord Jimo D.H.Lawrence:Sons and Lovers,o James Joyce:UlyssesREADING LISTo 哈姆雷特/莎士比亚o 鲁滨逊漂流记/丹尼尔笛福雾都孤儿/狄更斯呼啸山庄/艾米莉勃朗特 简爱/夏洛蒂勃朗特苔丝/托马斯哈代 道林格雷的画像 奥斯卡王尔德格列佛游记/斯威夫特.傲慢与偏见/简奥斯汀.失乐园/弥尔顿
