1、Traffic JamTraffic JamProblemProblemCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsTraffic jam:Traffic jam:a long line of vehicles on a a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly.only move very slowly.Congestion:Congestion:n.the
2、state of being n.the state of being overcrowded;being full of vehicles or overcrowded;being full of vehicles or traffictraffic:E.g.:E.g.:-The problems of-The problems of traffic traffic congestioncongestion have increased in recent have increased in recent yearsyears.-Many big cities in the world Ma
3、ny big cities in the world are are heavily congestedheavily congested.Taiyuan,ChinaTaiyuan,ChinaCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsProblemProblemSao Paolo,BrazilSao Paolo,BrazilCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsProblemProblemLagos,NigeriaLagos,NigeriaCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinions
4、OpinionsProblemProblemTaiyuan,ChinTaiyuan,China aLos Angeles,USALos Angeles,USACauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsProblemProblemLondon,UKLondon,UKCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsProblemProblemLondon,UKLondon,UKCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsProblemProblemIt Is So It Is So
5、 Congested!Congested!ProblemProblemCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsProblemProblemCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsQuestion 1:Question 1:What Are the Possible What Are the Possible Causes of Traffic Congestion?Causes of Traffic Congestion?CauseCauseProblemProblemSolutionSolutionOpi
6、nionsOpinionsQuestion 2:Question 2:What is Londons solution to its What is Londons solution to its traffic problems?traffic problems?Question 3:Question 3:How does this solution work?How does this solution work?Question 4:Question 4:Whats the result of this solution?Whats the result of this solution
7、?SolutionSolutionLondon,UKLondon,UKProblemProblemCauseCauseOpinionsOpinionsProblemProblemSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsCauseCauseQuestion 5:Question 5:What are Londoners What are Londoners opinions towards this solution?opinions towards this solution?1.1.洛杉矶当初建设时把机动车列入考虑洛杉矶当初建设时把机动车列入考虑 范围，如今它以六车道
8、高速公路闻名范围，如今它以六车道高速公路闻名 于世，成为美国最拥挤的城市。于世，成为美国最拥挤的城市。Los Angeles,Los Angeles,which was built with which was built with the motor car in mind,and is famous the motor car in mind,and is famous for its six-lane high-ways,for its six-lane high-ways,is now the is now the USAs most congested city.USAs most
9、congested city.2.伦敦市中心伦敦市中心,司机们要花近百分之五司机们要花近百分之五十的时间来排队。这种状况如此严重十的时间来排队。这种状况如此严重,当地政府决定采取措施。当地政府决定采取措施。The situation in central London,The situation in central London,where where drivers spent fifty percent of their time drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,in queues,became became so
10、bad thatso bad that the the local local government decided to do something government decided to do something about it.about it.3.20033.2003年年2 2月，伦敦市长肯月，伦敦市长肯.利文斯通利文斯通 布进入市中心的车要交布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥挤费交通拥挤费”In February 2003 the Mayor of In February 2003 the Mayor of London,London,Ken Livingstone,Ken Livin
11、gstone,introduced introduced a“congestion charge”a“congestion charge”-a tax for cars-a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.entering the centre of the city.The idea is simple:every car The idea is simple:every car comingcominginto the centerinto the center has to pay$5 a day.has to pay$5 a d
12、ay.5.当小车进入市区，摄像机会拍下车牌当小车进入市区，摄像机会拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。As the cars come into the centre,video As the cars come into the centre,video cameras record their cameras record their registration registration numbersnumbers,and these are checked,and these are checked with with a list of driver
13、s who have paid thea list of drivers who have paid thecharge for that day.charge for that day.6.更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。Whats more,central London shops Whats more,central London shops didnt lose businessdidnt lose business even though there even though there a
14、re fewer cars.are fewer cars.ProblemProblemSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsCauseCauseHow to draw a mind map of the How to draw a mind map of the passage?passage?ProblemProblemSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsCauseCauseTask:Draw a mind map the traffic Task:Draw a mind map the traffic congestion charge
15、 in these ways.congestion charge in these ways.Traffic problems in Yibin.Traffic problems in Yibin.1.There are enough buses,but they 1.There are enough buses,but they can get very crowded,esp.in rush can get very crowded,esp.in rush hour.hour.2.Some of the streets are too narrow.2.Some of the street
16、s are too narrow.Theres no room for bus lanes.Theres no room for bus lanes.3.Trucks are allowed to go in the centre 3.Trucks are allowed to go in the centre of the city,which worsens the situation of the city,which worsens the situation of the traffic jam.of the traffic jam.4.Many electric bike cycl
17、ists ride very 4.Many electric bike cyclists ride very fast and they never follow the traffic fast and they never follow the traffic rules.rules.5.People sometimes park their cars on 5.People sometimes park their cars on both sides of the road.both sides of the road.Question:Question:Should Congesti
18、on Should Congestion Charge be introduced to Yibin?Charge be introduced to Yibin?ProblemProblemCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsYibinYibins ways to solve the s ways to solve the traffic jamtraffic jamWhy?Why?How?How?Result?Result?ProblemProblemCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinionsIdent
19、ify and introduce the problemIdentify and introduce the problem.Analyse possible causes of the Analyse possible causes of the problemproblemFind out practical solutionsFind out practical solutionsTake into account peoples opinions Take into account peoples opinions towards the policy towards the policyProblemProblemCauseCauseSolutionSolutionOpinionsOpinions27AssignmentAssignment1.1.Workbook.Workbook.
