1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考的必考考点，是高考的必考考点，（完形、语法填空、改错）分数比重很（完形、语法填空、改错）分数比重很大，不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本大，不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能法功能(在句中充当何种成分在句中充当何种成分)：主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补动名词动名词doing不定式不定式to do分词分词done/doing考点考点1：作主语：作
2、主语表示表示一般一般的、的、泛指泛指的或的或习惯性习惯性的行为用的行为用-ing；表示表示具体具体的、的、一次性一次性的或的或将来将来的动作用的动作用to do。考点考点2：作表语：作表语(1)动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling,surprising,exciting等等-ing分词表示分词表示“令人令人的的(事事物物)”；像；像puzzled,surprised,excited等等-ed分词表示分词表示“(人人)感到感到的的”。考点考点3：作宾语：作宾语(1)有些动
3、词只能用不定式作宾语。有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如如refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等。等。(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：如：keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape等。等。(3)在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need,want和和require等后用等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定 式的被动式。式的被动式。(
4、4)在在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后等动词后 既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意注意to是介词的短是介词的短 语，如语，如be/get used to,be accustomed to(习惯于习惯于),contribute to,devote oneself to,get down to,look forward to等。等。(6)含介词的固定句式：含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.+from doin
5、g 阻止阻止做做spend/waste time or money+in doing 在做在做方面花费方面花费/浪费时间或金钱浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做在做方面有些困难方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难做某事很艰难there is no sense in doing做做是没有理由是没有理由/道理的道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除除 外外”的介词的介词but和和except后，有时可接不定式；当后，有时可接不定式；当 前面有行为动词
6、前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带时，不定式不带to；前面没有行；前面没有行 为动词为动词do时，要带时，要带to。考点考点4：作宾补：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系主动关系时，用时，用不定式不定式(未来或全过程未来或全过程)或或-ing形式形式(正在进行或一直处正在进行或一直处于某种状态于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系被动关系时，用时，用-ed形式。形式。【请注意复习以下请注意复习以下6点：点：】(1)在在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等等 动词后，
7、用带动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。的不定式作宾补。(2)在在help后作宾补的不定式带不带后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。均可。(3)在在make,let,have等使役动词和等使役动词和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官动词后，一般用不带等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾的不定式作宾 补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在在with的宾语后，若用的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与形式，表示宾语与-ed形形 式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用若用
8、-ing形式，表示宾语与形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动形式在逻辑上是主动 关系，且表示动作持续进行。关系，且表示动作持续进行。(5)get sb.to do sth.=have sb.do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事(主主 动、将来动、将来);get/havedoing使使处于某一状态中处于某一状态中 (主动、持续主动、持续);getdone=have sth.done请人做请人做/遭受遭受 (被动被动)。(6)make oneself 后常用后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自
9、让自 己讲的话被别人听到己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到让自己被别人看到/让自己被让自己被 别人认识。别人认识。（本节课重点）（本节课重点）考点考点5 作状语和定语作状语和定语 （高考重点和难点）（高考重点和难点）非谓语动词的基本形式非谓语动词的基本形式主动被动动词不定式to do 一般to doto be done进行to be doing 无完成to have doneto have been done 完成进行to have been doing 无主动被动现在分词doing一般doingbeing done完成having donehaving been done过去分词done一
10、般无done1.主主/被动与意思被动与意思2.动作发生先后动作发生先后3.惯用语与固定用法惯用语与固定用法4.否定形式的添加否定形式的添加5.独立主格结构独立主格结构6.四大原则四大原则考点考点难难点点考点一考点一:主主/被动与意思被动与意思1)_(know)his address,I asked Lucy for help.2)The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _(hold)in Beijing in 2008.3)_(tell)many times,he still couldnt understand what I said.
11、4)Tom flew to Paris just now,his secretary _(follow)him the next Friday.Not knowingheldHaving been toldto follow主动主动被动被动被动被动主动主动 解题技巧：解题技巧：找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语，或者找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语，或者被修饰的名词：被修饰的名词：1）主动关系：）主动关系：就用就用doing/to do 2）被动关系：）被动关系：就用就用done1.主主/被动与意思被动与意思2.动作发生先后动作发生先后3.惯用语与固定用法惯用语与固定用法4.否定形式的添加否定形式的添加5.独立
12、主格结构独立主格结构6.四大原则四大原则考点考点难难点点考点二考点二:动作发生先后动作发生先后1)They went to Shanghai,with their son _ (leave)to his grandparents.2)With so much homework _(finish),they decided to stay at home,3)_their homework,they went out to play football.4)Look!The homework _(do)now seems not difficult.5)They are busy now,_(pr
13、epare)files wanted in the interview.leftto finishHaving finishedbeing donepreparing过去过去将来将来动作先于谓语发生动作先于谓语发生正进行正进行正进行正进行作状语作状语 表时间或原因表时间或原因主动和进行主动和进行,时间上无先后时间上无先后被动和过去被动和过去,时间上无先后时间上无先后主动和进行主动和进行,时间上有先后时间上有先后被动和过去被动和过去,时间上有先后时间上有先后-ing-ed-having donehaving been done1.Standing on the top of the mounta
14、in,I found the school is very beautiful.2.Seen from the mountain,the school is very beautiful.3.Having finished my homework,I went home immediately.4.Having been beaten by my father,I went out to see my mother.1.Having finished my homework,I went home immediately.2.Having been beaten by my father,I
15、went out to see my mother.After finishing my homework,I went home immediately.Having done=after doingAfter being beaten by my father,I went out to see my mother.Having been done=after being done1.主主/被动与意思被动与意思2.动作发生先后动作发生先后3.惯用语与固定用法惯用语与固定用法4.否定形式的添加否定形式的添加5.独立主格结构独立主格结构6.四大原则四大原则考点考点难难点点考点三考点三:惯用语与
16、固定用法惯用语与固定用法1)_ from his appearance,he is a doctor.A.Judged B.having judged C.judging D.having been judged2)_ his accent,it can be inferred that he is an Englishman.A.considering B.considered C.to be considered D.having considered下列少数短语为惯用语，为固定形式。下列少数短语为惯用语，为固定形式。Judging from,generally speaking,hone
17、stly speaking,strictly speaking,talking of,speaking of,considering.1.主主/被动与意思被动与意思2.动作发生先后动作发生先后3.惯用语与固定用法惯用语与固定用法4.否定形式的添加否定形式的添加5.独立主格结构独立主格结构6.四大原则四大原则考点考点难难点点难点一难点一:否定形式的添加否定形式的添加1)_his address,I asked Lucy for help.A.Not knowing B.having not known C.never know D.knowing never 2)_ _(receive)his
18、letter,I called him up to see what had happened to him.3)They have been accustomed _when eating.A.not to talk B.not to talking C.to not talk D.to not talkingNot having received/Having neverreceived否定式要把否定式要把not加在加在-ing前面，或把前面，或把never加在加在-ing后面后面.Not having received/Having never received his letter,I
19、 called him up to see what had happened to him.非谓语动词的否定形式：非谓语动词的否定形式：not not直接加在非谓语动词前面：直接加在非谓语动词前面：not doing/not having done/not to have been done/not to do/not to be done/not to have done/not to have been done1.主主/被动与意思被动与意思2.动作发生先后动作发生先后3.惯用语与固定用法惯用语与固定用法4.否定形式的添加否定形式的添加5.独立主格结构独立主格结构6.四大原则四大原则考点
20、考点难难点点难点二：独立主格结构难点二：独立主格结构比较以下三个句子：比较以下三个句子：1.The teacher came in,carrying a bag in his hand.2.The teacher came in,with a bag carried in his hand.3.The teacher came in,a bag carried in his hand.第三句是独立主格结构第三句是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑有自己的逻辑主语主语形成被动结构。形成被动结构。难点三难点三:四大原则四大原则学习非谓语动词，一定要做到以下两点：学习非谓语动词，一定要做到以下两点：一找：一找
21、：找找逻辑主语逻辑主语二定：二定：定定主主/被动，被动，定定动作发生先后。动作发生先后。同时还得注意以下八大原则：同时还得注意以下八大原则：1._ the first bus，they got up and hurried to the station early in the morning.A.Having caught B.Catch C.To catch D.Catching原则一：用作目的状语，原则上原则一：用作目的状语，原则上 要用不定式要用不定式2.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a spa
22、ce flight.A.Training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained1.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.A.Moved B.moving C.to move D.being moved2.Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.A.said B.says C.say
23、ing D.to say原则二：原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用作伴随状语，原则上 要用现在分词要用现在分词3.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class，he would answer carelessly，always _ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said4.We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，_ that all children like these things.A.t
24、hinking B.think C.to think D.thought 1.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day.A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let2.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have r
25、eached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching原则三：作结果状语，用原则三：作结果状语，用doing或或to do，其区，其区别是，别是，doing表自然而然的结果，表自然而然的结果，to do 表出乎表出乎意料的结果意料的结果.1.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told2.He hurried to the station only_ that the
26、train had left.A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found原则四：原则四：对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配 习惯处理习惯处理1._ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face2._ in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Havin
27、g dressedYour Show Time1-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id like to have this package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighedD对比训练对比训练2.The rule says young children under the age of 4 and_ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A.being weighed B.to weigh C.weighed D.weighi
28、ngD1.The little boy slipped out of his room without _.A.seeing B.seen C.being seen D.to be seen对比训练对比训练2.Please excuse me for leaving without _ a goodbye last night.A.saying B.having said C.being said D.saidCB1.I must leave now.I am sorry _ so much of your valuable time.A.to have taken up B.to take
29、up C.having taken up D.taken up对比训练对比训练2.Im sorry _ you that you are fired for your endless faults made during your work.A.to have informed C.to inform C.having informed D.informedAB1.Jack read the letter from his parents,tears _ down from his cheek.A.coming B.to come C.being come D.having come对比训练对
30、比训练2._ twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A.Bitten B.Having bitten C.Being bitten D.To be bittenAA1.The experiment shows that proper 1.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health
31、.(2010can improve our health.(2010浙江卷浙江卷)A.being carried out B.carried out A.being carried out B.carried out C.carrying out D.to carry outC.carrying out D.to carry out2.Alexander tried to get his work 2.Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles._ in the medical circles.(2010 (2010辽宁卷辽
32、宁卷)A.to recognize B.recognizing A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognizedC.recognize D.recognized BD3.Please make my excuse at tomorrows meetingIve got too much work _.A.to do to come B.doing coming C.to do coming D.to do coming4.I arrived at the shop _ Id left all my money at home.A.onl
33、y to find B.only findingC.only found D.only having found AA5.His first book next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西卷陕西卷)A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published6.So far nobody has claimed the money _in the library.money _in the library.A.discovered B.to be discovered C.discovering D.having discovered BA7.Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day,but I dont know who she is.A.to marry B.to have marriedC.to be marrying D.being married 8.We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.(2010辽宁卷辽宁卷)A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be foundBB
