1、1(1783-1859)“Rip Van Winkle”（瑞普凡温克尔)2Washington Irving(1783-1859)Position in American literature Life Works Literary Achievements StyleContributions精品资料4 你怎么称呼老师？如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？教师的教鞭“不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘”“太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早”5Position in American li
2、teraturethe first American(true)literary writerthe first American man of letters Americas first genuine internationally best-selling author 6the first belletrist in American literature,writing for pleasure at a time when writing was practical and for useful purposes-belletrist n.纯文学作者纯文学作者7the first
3、 American writer to earn his living solely by his penthe first American literary humoristthe first modern short story writerthe first to write history and biography as entertainment8 His use of the gothic looks forward to Poe.the messenger sent from the new world to the old world“the American Goldsm
4、ith”9Mark Twain also is called vthe Father of American Literaturevthe true Father of American Literature10II.life and literary careervBorn:3 April 1783vBirthplace:New York,New YorkvDied:28 November 1859vnamed for George Washington;his parents were admirers of General Washington.1112vIrving was born
5、in 1783,the year in which Benjamin Franklin signed at Paris the treaty of peace with England after the Revolutionary War.13vIrvings mother was born in Englandvstudied lawvamused himself by writing for periodicals vFrom 1804 to 1806 his older brothers financed his tour of France and Italy.14vUnder th
6、e pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker,he published A History of New York(1809),a satire that has been called the first great book of comic literature written by an American.1516vIn 1820,Irving published The Sketch Book under the pseudonym Geoffrey Crayon.vThe hit book made Irving the first American aut
7、hor to gain real fame in Europe.17vThe stories(including“Rip Van Winkle”and“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”)appeared serially in 181920.18vTheir enthusiastic reception made Irving the best-known figure in American literature both at home and abroad.19vIn search of colorful material,he made a journey to
8、 the frontier and wrote about the American West in A Tour of the Prairies(大草原游大草原游记记,1835).20Late life:va colossal 5-volume biography of George Washingtonva biography of Christopher Columbus is still considered a classic.21Irvings grave22Major Worksv(1809:A History of New York纽约外史v 1820:The Sketch B
9、ook of Geoffrey Crayon,Gent.见闻札记v Two folktales:“Rip Van Winkle”and“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”(睡谷传奇)v 1822:Bracebridge Hall布雷斯勃列奇庄园v 1824:Tales of a Traveller 游客谈v 1835:A Tour of the Prairies大草原游记23Stylev graceful,refined,fluent and dignifiedv sentimental,romantic24IV.Commentv The first American a
10、uthor to win international recognitionv The first prose stylist of American romanticismv In his Sketch Book appeared the first modern American short stories.v His essays are models of perfect English.v Irving created humor by the way he said things:1)He delighted in making ironic remarks which say j
11、ust the opposite of what he meant.2)He used dignified words to produce a half-mocking effect.3)He was also fond of exaggerating the seriousness of situations.v He not only provided a young nation with humorous,fictional accounts of the colonial past but also helped create an American mythology which
12、 is made up of stories about the American past so widely read as to be familiar to nearly every American.25short storyva prose narrative that is brief in naturevalso has many of the same characteristics of a novel including characters,setting and plot.26vHowever,due to length constraints,these chara
13、cteristics and devices generally may not be as fully developed or as complex as those developed for a full-length novel.27vThe short story usually deals with a single episode and often a single character.vThe short story frequently also lacks denouement (n.结结局局),ending instead at its climax.28vmany
14、authors well known for it including Edgar Allan Poe,埃德加埃德加爱伦爱伦坡坡O Henry,欧欧亨利亨利Ernest Hemingway,海明威海明威vPoe first theorized on the structure and purpose of the short story.29Rip Van Winkle30“Rip Van Winkle”introductionRip Van Winkle:the protagonist The plot31 introductionvsimilar to a 3rd-century Chin
15、ese tale of Ranka retold in Lionel Giles in A Gallery of Chinese Immortalsvpart of a collection entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon32vThe story is set in the years before and after the American Revolutionary War.33Rip Van Winkle:the protagonistva villager of Dutch descentvlives in a nice vil
16、lage at the foot of New Yorks Catskill Mountainsvan amiable man whose home and farm suffer from his lazy neglectvhe is loved by all but his wife3435 The plotvOne autumn day he escapes his nagging wife by wandering up the mountains.vThere he encounters strangely dressed men,rumored to be the ghosts o
17、f Henry Hudsons crew,who are playing nine-pins.36vAfter drinking some of their liquor,he settles down under a shady tree and falls asleep.vHe wakes and returns to his village,where he finds twenty years have passed.vHe finds out that his wife has died and that his close friends have died in a war or
18、 gone somewhere else.37vHe immediately gets into trouble when he proclaims himself a loyal subject of King George III,not knowing that the AmericanRevolution has taken place.38vAn old local recognizes him,however,and Rips now grown daughter takes him in.vRip resumes his habitual idleness,and his tal
19、e is solemnly believed by the old Dutch settlers,with certain hen-pecked husbands wishing they shared Rips good luck.39VI.Topics for Discussionv 1.Compare the different situations in the village for Rip Van Winkle before and after his 20-year sleep.1)changes in his family his daughter grew up and ma
20、rried;his wife died;his dog no longer recognized him.2)changes in the village When Rip returned,children hollered at him and at first no one recognized him.The portrait of King George was replaced by that of Washington;a harangue about citizens rights 3)change in the life style:peaceful in the past
21、but noisy after Rips long sleep40v2.What is the authors opinion of Rip Van Winkle?And what is yours?Do you agree with Rips view as to the changes of states and empires?Why?41v3.This selection is a good illustration of the humor characteristic of Irving.Analyze how Irving creates humor.42v4.Do you th
22、ink Rips wife is also a well-developed figure?How does this figure impress you?43The protagonist Rip Van Winklev good-natured,well-oiled,carefree,happy-go-lucky,showing no interest in political affairsva lazy farmerv a hen-pecked husband;an irresponsible head of his familyv a good neighbor,ready to
23、help others44V.StylevConservative e.g.Rip felt into sleep before American Independence and woke after itlove of old worlds tradition“an old gentleman speaking English not American vAim of writing:entertainment,not moralizing45vmaster of a graceful and unobtrusively(不引人不引人注意的注意的)sophisticated prose s
24、tylevGentle,refined,lucid,beautiful vClassical in form though romantic in subjectsvGood at creating atmosphere 46vHumorous vFinished(精致完美的精致完美的)and musical language vvivid characters47VII.ContributionsvA.He was the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame.vB.The sho
25、rt story as a genre in American literature probably began with Irvings The Sketch Book.48C.Irving popularized the nickname“Gotham”(哥谭镇,愚人村)for New York City.vHe is credited with inventing the expression“the almighty dollar”(万能的美元).49vD.The surname of his Dutch historian,Diedrich Knickerbocker,is generally associated with New York and New Yorkers,and can still be seen across the jerseys of New Yorks professional basketball team,albeit in its more familiar,abbreviated form,reading simply Knicks.
