1、什么是宾语I like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)I enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）动名词作宾语）I decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）I know him.（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。我们我们 知道知道 姚明姚明We know Yao Ming 我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名的篮球运动
2、员We know宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。宾语，并有一个连接词引导。一 什么 是宾语从句？试比较宾宾o o宾宾o o主主s s 谓谓v vhe is a famous basketball player主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o othat连接词连接词我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名的篮球运动员谓谓v v主主s s有哪些句子可以做宾语？有哪些句子可以做宾语？n1，陈述句，he is a famous basketball playern2,一般疑问句，Will our teachers attend t
3、he meeting？n3，特殊疑问句，which coat did you prefer?e.g.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun练一练练一练1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5
4、.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.I know 2.She says 3.Tell your friend（that）一般疑问句做宾语一般疑问句做宾语我问他我问他是否是否想去游泳想去游泳1,改为陈述句语气，改为陈述句语气，2，用，用if/whether连接连接I ask Does he want to go swim?he wants to go swimIf/whetherI ask（一）宾语从句的语序（一）宾语从句的语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句
5、结构叫疑问语序 宾语从句必须用宾语从句必须用 _陈述语序陈述语序There is a shop near here.Is there a shop near here?练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Is there a bank near here?2.Is it on Fifth Avenue?3.Are they doing homework?There is a bank near here It is on Fifth Avenue They are doing homework 4.Does she work in a hospital?5.Di
6、d you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform?she works in a hospital you went to Center Park we have to wear a uniformwe can wear hats in school 7.Can we wear hats in school?由由if或或whether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。If和和whether在在句中的意思是句中的意思是“是否是否”。例如：。例如：nI want to know if(whether)he lives there.nHe as
7、ked me whether(if)I could help him.注意一下情况只用注意一下情况只用whether，不用，不用if。1.whether引导的从句常可以与引导的从句常可以与连词连词or或或or not直接连直接连用。如：用。如：Let me know whether you can come or not.Let me know if you can come or not.2.当宾语从句提到当宾语从句提到句首句首时，只能用时，只能用whether引导。如：引导。如：Whether it is true or not,I cant tell.If it is true or n
8、ot,I cant tell.n3.whether可以引导带可以引导带to的不定式。如：的不定式。如：qI dont know whether to accept or refuse.qI dont know if to accept or refuse.n4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：之后，作介词的宾语。如：qI worry about whether I hurt her feelings.qI worry about if I hurt her feelings.If 与whether 的区别I dont know _ he w
9、ill come or not.I dont care of _ he is handsome.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether练一练练一练1.Is he reading?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV?5
10、.Will they read books?6.Can you sing?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks 3.The teacher asks if/whether我想知道你最喜欢那一条领带？特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？Which tie do you like best特殊疑问句变成特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身连
11、接词就是疑问词本身I wonderI wonder ATTENTIONwhich tie you like best?8.Wheres your pen pal from?9.Where does he live?10.What language does she speak?11.Why do you like pandas?Where your pen pal is from Where he livesWhat language she speaks Why you like pandasnDo you know where _ from?(he,come)nCan you tell m
12、e which_to the park?(be way)he comesIs the way 练一练练一练nWhat is this?nWhat are you doing?nWhere do you live?nWhen does he get up?nHow did you go to work?nWho will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.Can you tell me 四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear(that)Jim (be)
13、a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad l
14、earned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished
15、his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sick.3)He a book.4)HeHe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完
16、成时过去完成时 3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）现在时态。（特殊性原则）ATTENTIONHe told me(that)Summer after Spring.isI was told (that)the sun much bigger than the moon.isthe sun much bigger than the moon.no news good news.My parents told me(t
17、hat)is.Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live?2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.4 Do you know who car it is?找错误找错误wasiswhose三、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。e
18、g:(1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail.I hopeto receive your e-mail_.(二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(2)She doesnt know what she should do next.She doesnt know_.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。eg:(3)Will you please show me how
19、I can work it out?Will you please show me _.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/order Sb.(not)to do sth 结构。eg:(4)A:Please be quiet.B:What did Bill say?A:He asked us to be quiet.what to do nexthow to work it out四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定
20、式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:(5)I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。eg:(6)I dont believe he has finished the work,_?(7)He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。has hedidnt he宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhethe
21、rwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结1.Did you understand_?A.what she said B.what to say C.what did she said D.
22、how she had said2.who can tell us_about over there?A.what they talk B.what are talking C.what do they talk D.what they are talking3.The girl is thinking about _she will go abroad to study English next year.A.if B.what C.whether D.when4.the teacher said that_.A.the sun moves around the earth B.the ea
23、rth moved around the sun C.the moon is our satellite D.the moon was our satellite5.I dont know when he _back,Please tell him the news when he _back.A.come;will come B.comes;comes c.will come;comes D.will come;will come ABCCc6.I dont know if his uncle _.I think he _if he is free.A.will come;comes B.w
24、ill come,will come C.comes comes D.comes;will come7.There is not much different between the two.I really dont know_.A.what should I choose B.which I should choose C.which should I chose D.what I choose8.No one knows_.A.which gate we have to go B.which gate we must go C.which gate do we have to go to
25、 D.which gate we have to go toBBD9Do you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live10.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will doCB12Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour,but could not find _?what Lily was
26、B.what was LilyC.where Lily was D.where was LilyC11.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.what he is B.when he was born C.where he comes from D.if he lives here C13 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take 14 Linda said the moon_ round
27、 the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled ACn15.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?n A.if B.weather C.what D.whichnA16.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beiji
28、ng CDo you know _?A.where does she live B.she lives whereC.where she lives D.where she live2.His parents wanted to know what he _at that time.A.is doing B.was doing C.has done D.will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I从下列从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。中选择一个正确选项填空。4Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour,but could not find
29、_?what Lily was B.what was LilyC.where Lily was D.where was LilyC3.We dont know _.-It is said that he was born in Canada.what he is B.when he was born C.where he comes from D.if he lives here C5 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take 6 Linda said th
30、e moon_ round the earth.A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.had travelled ACn7.Could you please tell me _ he will come here tomorrow?n A.if B.weather C.what D.whichnA8.Could you tell me _?A.when will they leave BeijingB.when would they leave BeijingC.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they
31、leave Beijing CII.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.完成句子。完成句子。1.I hear(that)he _ in an hour.（我听说他一小时后回来。）Will be back2.He said(that)he _ very much.（他说他非常想念我们。）missed us3.Ask him _.（问问他是否能来。）If/whether he can come4.Can you tell me _.（你能告诉我他在哪儿吗？）where he is
