1、 1. 不同种类的污染不同种类的污染 2. 河底河底 3. 把垃圾扔到河里把垃圾扔到河里 4. 在在中起作用中起作用 different kinds of pollution the bottle of the river throw rubbish into the river play a part in I. Check if you know these phrases. 5. 在中国南部在中国南部 6. 对对有害有害 7. 在在顶部顶部 8. 海洋生态系统海洋生态系统 in southern China be harmful to at the top of the oceans e
2、cosystem II. Translate the sentences. 1. 甚至是河底都满是垃圾。甚至是河底都满是垃圾。 2. 这个方法不仅残酷还对环境有害。这个方法不仅残酷还对环境有害。 Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 3. 鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。 4. 许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。 Sharks are at the top
3、of the food chain in the oceans ecosystem. A lot of people believe that sharks fins are good for health. Pay attention to the sentences. 1. Were trying to save the earth. 2. The river used to be so clean. 3. The air is badly polluted. 4. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for
4、health. 5. We should help save the sharks. Present progressive used to Passive voice Present perfect Modal verbs 现在进行时现在进行时: : Present Progressive 结构结构: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing 标志词：标志词：Look, Listen, now, right now e.g. Look! The boy is crying. 定义：定义：表示说话时表示说话时(瞬间瞬间)正在进行正在进行 的动作的动作, 也表示目前或现阶也表示目前或现阶
5、段正在进行的动作。段正在进行的动作。 What a fine day today! Look! What are they doing? used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事表示过去常常做某事, 而现而现 在往往不做了在往往不做了, 后接动词原后接动词原 形。形。 be used to doing sth. 表示习惯于做某事表示习惯于做某事 e.g. I used to get up at six oclock. Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning. used to do与与be used to doing
6、Translation. 1. 她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。 She used to hang out with friends on weekends. 2. 他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。 He is used to staying up. 被动语态：被动语态：Passive voice 定义：定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行表示主语是动作的承受者，即行 为动作的对象的一种语态。为动作的对象的一种语态。 结构：结构：be + 过去分词过去分词 e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classro
7、om is cleaned every day. Translate the sentences by using Passive voice. 1. 刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。 2. 工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。 The museum was visited by some old people just now. Different kinds of machines are used to work by the workers. 结构结构: has/have + 过去分词过去分词 标志词：标志词：already, yet,
8、ever, never, since, for e.g. I havent finished my homework yet. 定义：定义：表示动作已经完成表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影但对现在造成影 响响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一或者表示从过去某一时间开始一 直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的 动作。动作。 现在完成时现在完成时: Present Perfect Complete the following sentences. 1. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years. 2. I _ never _ (hear) of t
9、hat man before. 3. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago. have been have heard has worked 4. The twins _ (wash) the clothes for an hour. 5. He _ (play) basketball since three years ago. 6. How long _ Sally _ (sing) yet? have washed has played has sung 1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说表示说 话人的情绪、态度或语气
10、话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单但不能单 独作谓语独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。只能与其他动词构成谓语。 常见的有常见的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would) 等。等。 情态动词情态动词 2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词后接动词 原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。 个别情态动词有过去式形式个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表可用来表 达更加客气、委婉的语气。达更加客气、委婉的语气。 e.g. Ken can climb
11、up the tress like a koala. Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old. You mustnt play with fire. It is dangerous. Translation. 1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。我们不能在教室里吃东西。 2. 首先你必须完成作业。首先你必须完成作业。 3. 他现在不可能在家。他现在不可能在家。 4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。她一定知道这个问题的答案。 We cant eat in the classroom. You must finish your homew
12、ork first. He cant be at home now. She must know the answer to this question. 4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Joe: _ you ever _ (take) part in an environmental project ? Eric: Yes, I have. I _ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _ (consider) the bigges
13、t clean-up project this city _ ever _ (have). Have taken helped considered had had 参加参加 Joe: How many people _ (take) part? Eric: I _ (think) more than 1,000 people _ (come) to help out. Joe: Thats fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _ (try) to improve the environment. Eric: Yes, we cant aff
14、ord to _ (wait) any longer to take action! took think came trying wait v. 承担得起承担得起( (后果后果) ); 买得起买得起 4b Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box. People _ think that big things _ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For exampl
15、e, you _ save may/might must can can would could have to should must may/ might electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think its a great idea that you now _ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to sc
16、hool or work, you _ ride your bike or walk. If its far, you _ take the bus. All these could have to can/should can/could 关掉关掉 adj.可重复使用的可重复使用的 付费付费;付出代价付出代价 small things _ add up and become big things that _ improve the environment. Lets take action now! could would/can 采取行动采取行动 4c Make a list of th
17、ings that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner. use public transportation (n.交通运输交通运输); turn off the lights when you leave a room; use reusable bags instead of plastic bags; ride your bike or walk to school or work; stop using paper napkins(餐巾纸餐巾纸); recycle b
18、ooks and paper I think that everyone should use public transportation. I disagree. Its difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation 1. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! afford v. 承担得起承担得起; 提供提供, 给予给予 afford to do sth. (常与常与can, be able to 连用连用) 买得起买得起; 有足够的有
19、足够的 e.g. We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。我们付不起这个价钱。 Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。跳舞给我们带来快乐。 2. save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. turn off 关掉关掉 e.g. Please turn the television off before you go to bed. 睡觉前请关掉电视。睡觉前请关掉电视。 turn around 转身转身 turn up 调高调高(音量音量) turn down 调低调低; 拒绝拒绝 turn into 变成变成; 进入进入 turn on 打开打开, 发动发动 turn off 关掉关掉, 关闭关闭 turn out to be 结果是结果是 turn over 移交移交 拓展拓展: turn相关短语相关短语 Finish the exercises in the workbook.
