1、专题七专题七 verbverb（动词）（动词）中考英语语法专题本专题内容适用于79年级学生本专题一般共需10课时第七课时 动词的时态（六）现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 二、现在完成时用法 三、巩固练习 一、现在完成时构成1.基本结构：have/has+ved(过去分词）They have been in China since 2013.自2013年他们就到了中国。Could you tell me where else you have been?你能不能告诉我你还去过哪些地方？2动词的过去分词形式动词的过去分词形式1）规则动词直接加ed：finish-finishedfinished w
2、orkworkedworked 去e再加ed：live-livedlived 辅音字母加y改y为i，再加ed：carry-carried-carried在重度闭音节中，最后只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母再加ed stopstoppedstopped 2）常见不规则动词变化）常见不规则动词变化cut（割）-cut-cut hit（打）-hit-hit hurt 伤害）-hurt-hurt let（让）-let-let put（放）-put-put read（读）-read-read come（来）-came-come run（跑）-ran runget（得到）-got-got hold（抓住）-
3、held heldsit（坐）-sat-sat win（赢）-won-won meet（遇见）-met-met keep（保持）-keptkeptfeel（感觉）-felt-felt leave（离开）-left-left spend（花费）-spent-spent buy（买）-bought-bought think（想）-thought-thought sell（卖）-sold-sold tell（告诉）-told-told find（找到）-found-found have/has（有）-had-had make（制造）-made-made say（说）-said saidstand（站
4、）-stood-stoodbegin（开始）-began-begun swim（游泳）-swam-swumsing（唱）-sang-sungknow（知道）-knew-known write（写）-wrote-written speak（说，讲）-spoke-spoken eat（吃）-ate-eaten fall（落下）-fell-fallen give（给）-gave-given take（取）-took-takendo（做）-did-done go（去）-went-gonesee（看见）-saw-be动词(am,is,are)（是）-was,were-been3.句式结构：句式结构：肯定
5、式 have/has+v过去分词 否定式 havent/hasnt+v过去分词 疑问式 Have you?Has he?肯回 Yes,I have.Yes,he has.否回 No,I havent.No,he hasnt.句型转换：I have been to Paris.She has gone to the zoo.一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：对划线提问：变否定句：4、常与 just（刚刚）,already（已经，用于肯定句）,yet（尚，还），用于否定句疑问句）,ever（曾经）,never（从不），before（以前），so far（到目前为止,用于句首或句末）in the la
6、st/past 10 years（在过去的10年间）等连用,强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续。I have already milked the cow.（我已经挤过牛奶了。）Have you milked the cow yet?No,I havent done it yet./No,not yet.I have never lost a library book before.The woman has never heard of you before.So far,we have traveled to the moon.Our hometown has changed a lot in
7、 the past 5 years.Quiz 即学即练即学即练1、Have you _been to Japan?2、I have _ finished my homework.3、I have finished my homework _.4、I havent finished my homework _.5、-He has watched the movie .-Neither have IQuiz 即学即练即学即练1、Have you ever been to Japan?2、I have already finished my homework.3、I have finished my
8、 homework already.4、I havent finished my homework yet.5、-He has never watched the movie before.-Neither have I5、have/has been to 去过（现在已经不再该地）have/has gone to 去了（现在不确定在不在该地）have/has been in 一直在（现在可能还在该地）eg.He has ever been to Shanghai before.他以前去过上海。They have gone to the West Lake and we dont know wh
9、en they will return.他们去了西湖，我们不知道他们何时回来。Jims parents have been in China for 20 years.吉姆的父母已经在中国待了20年。【即学即练】用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空 1、Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2、Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.3、_ you ever _ to Kunming?Never.4、Where _ you _ these days?5
10、、Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.6、Where is Peter?I dont know where he _.7、Hi Jim!Where _ you _?【即学即练】用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空 1、Mike and his parents have been in the north for half a year.2、Mum is not at home now.she has gone to the shop.3、Have you ever been to
11、Kunming?Never.4、Where have you been these days?5、Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he has been here for several days.6、Where is Peter?I dont know where he has gone.7、Hi Jim!Where have you been?二、现在完成时用法1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。eg.Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)-Are yo
12、u free?-I have finished my homework.I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2.表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态.可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。eg.I have learnt English for more than ten years.(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)3.for
13、和和since的用法区别的用法区别1)for+一段时间（句中动词必须是延续性动词）2)since+起点时间（句中动词必须是延续性动词）3)since+一段时间+ago（句中动词必须是延续性动词）e.g.I have taught English for 9 years(since 9 years ago).He has read newspaper for 3 hours(since 3 hours ago).He has been in his school since 1999.I have known him since 20 years ago(for 20 years).4)sinc
14、e+从句（从句用过去时态）e.g.I have lived here since I was born.He has worked in this factory since he left college.5)短暂性动词短暂性动词若要与表示一段时间的状语连用构成现在完成时have/has been+形容词、副词或介词短形容词、副词或介词短语表示。常用的有：join be in go to bed be in bedleave be away from get up be upgo out be out open be opendie be dead go there be therego t
15、o sleep be asleep fall ill be illbegin be on buy havefinish be over borrow keepQuiz 选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents ha
16、ve been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.Quiz 选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other for a long time.2.His father has been in the Party since 10 years ago.3.The film has been on for 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here since he came to China.5.His grandparents have
17、 been dead for several years.6.Its five years since we met last time.4与一般过去时的用法比较：与一般过去时的用法比较：1)现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买
18、过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。2)时间状语的区别时间状语的区别：当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时：这样的词有（）I saw the film on television yesterday现在完成时现在完成时总是与since+时间点，for+时间段连用。They have known
19、 each other for 50 years.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.一、用过去时或现在完成时填空一、用过去时或现在完成时填空1.“_ you _(write)a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes,I _.I _(write)one last week.”2.“_ he _(finish)his homework?”“Not yet.”3.“_ they ever _(be)abroad?”“Yes,just once.”4.Your father _ just _(finish)his work.
20、5.Your father _(finish)his work just now.6.Last term I _(learn)many English words.7.They _(not read)the interesting books yet.8.He _ never _(go)to the science museum.巩固练习一、用过去时或现在完成时填空一、用过去时或现在完成时填空1.“Have you written (write)a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes,I have.I wrote (write)one last week.”2.“Has
21、 he finished (finish)his homework?”“Not yet.”3.“Have they ever been(be)abroad?”“Yes,just once.”4.Your father has just finished(finish)his work.5.Your father finished(finish)his work just now.6.Last term I learned(learn)many English words.7.They havent read(not read)the interesting books yet.8.He has
22、 never gone(go)to the science museum.巩固练习中考链接中考链接1.（2021湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州）Thanks to the use of 5G technology,ways of communication _ a lot.Aimproves Bhas improved Chave improved2.（2021河北）William _ six books,and all of them are bestsellers.Awill write Bis writing Chas written Dwas writing3.（2021湖北武汉）What
23、good books did you read recently?I _ Tales of China since last year,and now the third time.Aread Bam reading Chave read Dwill read4.（2021江西）How do we turn on the oven?I _ you,werent you listening?Atell Bam telling Cwill tell Dhave told5.2021江苏扬州）Have you watched the film Gullivers Travels?Yes,I _ it during the Spring Festival.What about you?Awatch Bwatched Cwill watch Dhave watchedCCCDB课题总结现在完成时现在完成时构成现在完成时用法have/has+ved句型变化时态提示词already/yet/ever/before等have/has been to、have gone to和have been in表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态.for 和since与一般过去时的区别
