1、成人高考英语专升本必背知识点成人高考英语专升本必背知识1合成合成:合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成。1、复合名词的主要构成方式(1)名词+名词 classroom 教室,newspaper 报纸(2)形容词+名词 blackboard 黑板,highway 公路(3)动词+名词 break-water 防波堤(4)副词+名词 outbreak 爆发,overcoat 大衣(5)代词+名词 he-goat 公山羊,she-wolf 母狼(6)动词+副词 break-down 崩溃(7)名词+介词短语editor-in-chief 总编辑,father-in-law 岳父
2、2、复合形容词的主要构成方式(1)名词+形容词 snow-white 雪白的,world-wide 全世界的(2)形容词+形容词 bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的,blue-green 绿里发蓝的(3)副词+形容词 ever-green 常绿的(4)名词+分词 snow-covered 白雪盖着的,hand-made 手工制作的(5)形容词+分词 good-looking 好看的(6)副词+分词 well-meaning 好意的,well-informed 消息灵通的(7)形容词+名词 second-hand 旧的,用过的,第二手的(8)形容词+名词+-ed open-minded 胸襟开
3、阔的,white-haired 白发的(9)数词+名词+(-ed) two-faced 两面派的3、复合动词的主要构成方式(1)副词+动词 overcome 克服,uphold支持,主张(2)名词+动词 sun-bathe 行日光浴成人高考英语专升本必背知识2派生在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做派生,词缀有前缀和后缀两种,加在单词前的词缀,叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀,叫后缀。1、前缀,现将最常用的一些前缀(按字母顺序)举例如下:anti- 反对anti-Japanese war 抗日战争arch- 主要的arch-enemy 主要敌人auto- 自动的automob
4、ile 小汽车,autobiography 自传bi- 双bicycle 自行车,bilingual 用两种语言的by- 在旁bystander 旁观者,by-product 副产品co- 共同co-operation 合作,co-existence 共处counter- 反counter-attack 反攻,de- 除去,否定decentralization 分散,不集中dis- 否定discover 发现,disorder 混乱,杂乱en-,em- 使成为enable 使能够,enslave 奴役,encourage 鼓励ex- 前ex-president 前任主席、总统或大学校长extr
5、a- 外extraordinary 非常的,格外的for-, fore- 先,前,预forward 向前,foresee 预见,forearm前臂for- 禁,弃forbid 禁止,forget 忘记in-,il-,im-,ir- 不,非informal 非正式的,incomplete 不完全的, irregular 不规则的inter- 间,相互interview 会见mal- 恶maltreat 虐待micro- 微microscope 显微镜mid- 中mid-night 半夜, mid-autumn 中秋的mis- 误misunderstand 误会, misuse 误用multi-
6、多multi-national 多民族的non- 非,不nonexistent 不存在的post- 后于post-war 战后的,pre- 先于pre-war 战前的pro- 赞成,亲善pro-American 亲美的re- 重,再,复review 复习sub- 下,次subdivide 细分,再分super- 上,超super-structure 上层建筑tele- 远telephone 电话,telescope望远镜,television电视trans- 横过,转移transformation 改造,translate 翻译un- 不unable 不能的,unimportant 不重要的,
7、untrue 不真实的uni- 一、单uniform 划一的2、名词后缀-age 状态,集合marriage 婚姻,shortage 缺少,village 村庄-an 人American 美国人,Italian 意大利人,意大利语,African 非洲人-ance,-ancy 性质,状态importance 重要性,significance 意义-ant,-ent 人assistant 助手,助教, student 学生-ation,-ition 动作,状态determination 决心,industrialization 工业化,preparation 准备-craft 技巧,工艺hand
8、icraft 手工艺-dom(状态,领界)freedom 自由,kingdom 王国-ee(被动)employee 雇员-eer 人engineer 工程师, volunteer 志愿者-ence,-ency(抽象名词)dependence 依靠,不独立,excellence 卓越-er 人,动作者fighter 战士,worker 工人,writer 作家,harvester 收割机-ese 人,语言Chinese 中国人,中文,Japanese 日本人,日文-ess 女性actress 女演员,princess 公主,hostess 女主人,女乘务员(飞机上)-ful 充满handful
9、一把,armful 一抱(这些词亦可作为复合词看)-hood 身份,境遇,状态childhood 童年,likelihood 可能性-ian 人musician 音乐家,technician 技术员-ity(抽象名词)possibility 可能性,capability 能力-man 人Englishman 英国人,postman 邮递员(这些词亦可作为复合词看)-ment 运动,结果movement 运动,development 发展-ness 状态,性质kindness 和善,carefulness 小心-or 人,动作者actor 男演员, editor 编辑,tractor拖拉机-ry
10、,-ery 行为,工作,性质,工作地点,货物种类,境遇等bravery 勇敢,nursery 托儿所,cookery 烹调-ship 状态,身分friendship 友谊,hardship 苦难-tion 动作,状态attention 注意,action 行动,revolution 革命-ty(抽象名词)cruelty 残酷, loyalty 忠实-ure 结果,动作pleasure 快乐,pressure 压力3、形容词后缀-able,-ible 能够unforgettable 难忘的,responsible 负责的-al 的cultural文化的,national 国家的-an(地,人)的
11、Russian 俄罗斯的,俄罗斯人的,American 美国的,美国人的-ed 有,象talented 有才华的-en 的golden 金色的,wooden 木制的-ern(表示方向的)northern 北方的,eastern 东方的,southern 南方的,western 西方的-ese(地,人)的Chinese 中国的,中国人的,Japanese 日本的,日本人的-ful 充满careful 小心的,beautiful 美丽的,powerful 强有力的-ic,-ical 的economic 经济的,political 政治的,grammatical 语法的-ish 属于,稍微booki
12、sh 书本气的,yellowish 稍黄的,selfish 自私的,childish 幼稚的-ive 性,倾向active 积极的, collective 集体的-less 无fearless 无所畏惧的,careless 不小心的,useless 无用的,meaningless 无意义的-like 如childlike儿童般的(亦可作为复合词看)-ly 品质,的friendly 友好的,weekly 每星期的,manly 丈夫气的,daily 每天的-ous 多nervous 神经紧张的,dangerous 危险的-some 引起,适于,易于troublesome 烦人的,tiresome(
13、令人感到厌倦的)-ward 向backward 落后的-y 充满,性质rainy 雨的,snowy 雪的,handy 手巧的,便于使用的4、动词后缀-ateisolate 使孤立,-endeepen 加深,strengthen 加强-fysimplify 简化,classify 分类-ize,-iseindustrialize 工业化5、副词后缀-lycarefully 小心地,beautifully 美丽地,quickly 迅速地-ward,-wards 向forward 向前,backward 向后,upwards 向上,downwards 向下-wise 方式likewise 同样地,o
14、therwise 否则,用另一种方式成人高考英语专升本必背知识3转换转换,将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类,这就叫做转换。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。1、名词转化为动词elbow 由“肘”转义为“用肘推挤”back 由“背,后面”转义为“支持,后退”2、形容词转化为动词slow 由“慢”转义为“放慢”3、动词转化为名词to take a walk 散步to have a look 看一看to have a try 试一试4、形容词转化为名词the wounded 受伤的人们, the beautiful 美丽的东西,the blind 盲人们5、其他词类转化为名词a
15、 must 必须做的事情,ups and downs 高低起伏,ins and outs 问题的底细成人高考英语专升本必背知识4一、the+-est+名词+(that)+主词+have ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc);the most+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+have ever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher
16、 that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothing is+-er than to+V Nothing is+more+形容词+than to+V例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、-cannot emphasize the importance of - too much.(再怎么强调的重要性也不为过。)例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
17、我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、There is no denying that+S+V(不可否认的)例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、It is universally acknowledged that+句子(全世界都知道)例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。六、T
18、here is no doubt that+句子(毫无疑问的)例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、An advantage of -is that+句子(的优点是)例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create(produce)any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、The reason why+句子-is that+
19、句子(的原因是)例句: The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。九、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子(如此以致于)例句:So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。 十、
20、Adj+as+Subject(主词)+be,S+V-(虽然) 例句:Rich as our country is,the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.(by no means=in no way=on no account一点也不) 虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。十一、The+-er+S+V,-the+-er+S+V;The+more+Adj+S+V,-the+more+Adj+S+V-(愈愈)例句:The harder you work,the more progress you make. 你
21、愈努力,你愈进步。The more books we read,the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。十二、By +Ving,-can-(借着,能够) 例句:By taking exercise,we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。十三、-enable+Object(受词)+to+V(使能够)例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、On no account can we+V-(我们绝对不能)例句:On n
22、o account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。十五、It is time+S+过去式(该是的时候了) 例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Those who-(的人)例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 十七、
23、There is no one but-(没有人不)例句:There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V(不得不)例句:Since the examination is around the corner,I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。十九、It is conceivable that+句子(可想而知的);It is obvious that+句子(明显的);It is app
24、arent that+句子(显然的)例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。二十、That is the reason why-(那就是的原因)例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。二十一、For the past+时间,S+现在完成式(过去年来,一直)例句:For the past two years,I have been
25、 busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、Since+S+过去式,S+现在完成式。例句:Since he went to senior high school,he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中,他一直很用功。 二十三、It pays to+V-(是值得的。)例句:It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。二十四、be based on(以为基础)例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为
26、基础的。二十五、Spare no effort to+V(不遗余力的)例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 二十六、bring home to+人+事(让明白事) 例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 二十七、be closely related to-(与息息相关)例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运
27、动与健康息息相关。二十八、Get into the habit of+Ving=make it a rule to+V(养成的习惯)例句:We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to+N/Ving,-(因为)例句:Thanks to his encouragement,I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。三十、What a+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!(多么!)例句:Wha
28、t an important thing it is to keep our promise!How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事!三十一、Leave much to be desired(令人不满意) 例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。三十二、Have a great influence on-(对有很大的影响)例句:Smoking has a great influence on our healt
29、h. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。三十三、do good to(对有益),do harm to(对有害)例句:Reading does good to our mind. 读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health. 工作过度对健康有害。三十四、Pose a great threat to-(对造成一大威胁)例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、do ones utmost to+V=do ones best(尽全力去)例句:We should do our
30、utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。成人高考英语专升本必背知识5作文万能句子开头句型1.As far as .is concerned 就而言2.It goes without saying that. 不言而喻,.3.It can be said with certainty that. 可以肯定地说.4.As the proverb says, 正如谚语所说的,5.It has to be noticed that. 它必须注意到,.6.Its generally recognized that. 它普遍认为.7.Its
31、 likely that . 这可能是因为.8.Its hardly that. 这是很难的.9.Its hardly too much to say that. 它几乎没有太多的说10.What calls for special attention is that.需要特别注意的是11.Theres no denying the fact that.毫无疑问,无可否认12.Nothing is more important than the fact that. 没有什么比这更重要的是13.whats far more important is that. 更重要的是衔接句型1.A cas
32、e in point is . 一个典型的例子是.2.As is often the case.由于通常情况下.3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单,所以5.But its a pity that. 但遗憾的是6.For all that.对于这一切. Inspite of the fact that.尽管事实.7.Further, we hold opinion that. 此外,我们坚持认为,.8.However , the di
33、fficulty lies in.然而,困难在于9.Similarly, we should pay attention to. 同样,我们要注意.10.not(that).but(that).不是,而是11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势12.As has been mentioned above.正如上面所提到的13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说14.However, we have to look atthe other side of the coin, that is.
34、然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即 结尾句型1.I will conclude by saying. 最后我要说2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that.因此,我们有理由相信3.All things considered,总而言之 It may besafely said that.它可以有把握地说.4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable.因此,在我看来,更可取的是5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw theco
35、nclusion that.通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that.通过数据我们得到的结论是,.7.It can be concluded from the discussion that.从中我们可以得出这样的结论8.From my point of view, it would be better if.在我看来也许更好举例句型1.Lets take.to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chartas an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example.4.Take for example.5.The same is true of.6.Thisoffers a typical instance of.7.We may quote a common example of.8.Just think of