1、Lesson 69 But not murder!murdermournfulsupposev.v.假设假设n.n.谋杀谋杀adj.adj.悲哀的悲哀的tapexaminerinstruct n.n.主考人主考人v.v.轻敲轻敲v.v.命令，指示命令，指示n.n.刹车刹车n.n.踏板踏板v.v.反应反应acquireconfidencev.v.取得，获得取得，获得n.n.信心信心Lets review the words!instruct 1).v.指导，向指导，向下命令下命令 tell 日常用语，运用广泛，语气不强日常用语，运用广泛，语气不强 order 语气较强，有权威者用来指示别人服从语
2、气较强，有权威者用来指示别人服从 instruct&direct 用于客观、公事场合，对需要采取的行动用于客观、公事场合，对需要采取的行动准确说明准确说明 The officer commanded his men to fire.2).v.教授，传授教授，传授 instruct sb.in instructor 教员，教练，指导员教员，教练，指导员 instruction C命令，指示命令，指示 U 传授，指导传授，指导 acquire 1).（靠努力或行为）获得（靠努力或行为）获得 gain 获得自信获得自信 acquire confidence 2).学得，养成（习惯）学得，养成（习惯）
3、养成抽烟的习惯养成抽烟的习惯 acquire a habit of smoking acquisition kwizinn.获得获得,所获之物所获之物,收购收购confidence 名词n.1.自信,信心,把握U(+in)+to-v+thatHelacksconfidenceinhimself.他缺少自信。2.信赖,信任U(+in)Wehaveconfidenceinthemayor.我们信任这位市长。confidence n.have/lose confidence in sb./sth.他充满信心地回答问题他充满信心地回答问题 He answered the questions with
4、confidence .I have every confidence that I can manage it be full of confidence 充满信心充满信心 confident adj.有信心的有信心的,有把握的有把握的 confident of sth./confident that 我肯定你能得到那份工作我肯定你能得到那份工作 Im confident that youll get the job.他确信会达到目标他确信会达到目标 He was confident of achieving his aim.tohave/loseconfidenceinsb。缺乏信心lac
5、kofconfidenceIhavemuchconfidenceinhim我对他很有信心inconfidence当作秘密Iamtellingyouthisinconfidence我现在告诉你的这件事情是个秘密（strictconfidence绝密）confidentadj.Beconfidentofsth/thatheisconfidentofvictory他对胜利充满信心aconfidentsmile一个自信的微笑Suppose及物动词 vt.1.猜想,以为+(that)I suppose he is still in town.我想他还在城里。1).假设假设假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会
6、怎么做假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会怎么做Suppose that youre the general manager,what will you do on that occasion.2).认为认为 think,expect认为必须,认为应该Youre not supposed to take the books out of the room.这些书不能拿出屋去。be supposed to 理应，应该理应，应该他应该准时在那他应该准时在那He is supposed to be there on time.3.必须以.为前提Every effect supposes a cause.
7、任何事的产生都必然有其原因。4.(用于祈使语气)让.+(that)Supposewesetoutatsix.我们六点动身吧。5.假定+(that)Supposethecarshouldbreakdownagain.假定汽车又出毛病了。不及物动词vi.1.猜想,料想v.1.be supposed to do sth.(尤指因为规定或掌权者的指示)被期望做。；应该。Youre supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.你如果要离开教室，应该先问问老师。本应，本该（用于表示某事本应发生而没有发生）The meetin
8、g was supposed to take place on Tuesday,but weve had to postpone it.这个会本应该星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了2.be supposed to be sth.被相信是。，被认为。The castle is supposed to be haunted.人们相信这座城堡闹鬼。3.认为；料想；猜想；假定Suppose(that).What makes you suppose were going to sell the house?你凭什么认为我们准备把这房子卖掉4.（正式）假定，预期；以。为条件The companys pl
9、an supposes a steady increase in orders.公司的计划是基于订单将持续稳定增长的预期的。5.I suppose 我想，我认为（用于认为某事真是，但不敢肯定）I suppose he could have shot himself,but where would he have got the gun?我想他可能是开枪自杀的，但他是从哪里得到的抢的？我想（尤用于表示勉强同意某人做某事）I suppose so.Can we come with you?Oh,I suppose so.我们可以跟你一起来吗？哦，我看可以吧我猜想（用于猜测）6.suppose/su
10、pposing 假设，假定（用于要某人设想如果某情况存在会发生什么事）Look,suppose you lost your job tomorow,what would you do?哎，假设你明天丢掉了工作，你会怎么办呢？tap.1).v.knock gently tap at/on sth.tap sb.on the shoulder 不及物动词vi.1.轻拍,轻叩,轻敲(+on)Listen!Someoneistappingonthewindow.听!有人在敲窗户。2).n.敲击声，水龙头敲击声，水龙头 turn on/off tap tap water 自来水自来水 mineral-w
11、ater 矿泉水矿泉水 名词n.C1.轻拍,轻叩,轻敲Therewasataponthewindow.有人在轻叩窗户。2.鞋掌;鞋底 mournful adj.悲恸的悲恸的,令人惋惜的令人惋惜的,悲哀的悲哀的 There was a mournful look on her face.He said in a mournful voice.mourn v.感到悲痛感到悲痛 mourn for/over sb./sth.人民哀悼他们被杀害的领袖人民哀悼他们被杀害的领袖 The people mourned for their slain leader.她为她独生子的死而哀痛她为她独生子的死而哀痛
12、 She mourned over the death of her only son.mourner 哀悼者哀悼者 mournful形容词a.1.忧伤的;悲切的;凄惨的themournfulhowlingofthewind凄厉的风号声amournfulexpressiononherface她脸上忧伤的神情amournfulstory一个令人悲伤的故事 2.悲观的,意气消沉的takeamournfulviewofhumanaffairs对世事抱悲观态度 react 1).react to sb./sth 当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒 Local residents ha
13、ve reacted angrily to the news.我花了很长时间才反应过来我花了很长时间才反应过来 It took me a long time to react.The market reacted by falling a further two points.股市的反应是再下跌两个百分点股市的反应是再下跌两个百分点 2).化学反应化学反应 reactant 化学反应物化学反应物 nuclear reactor 核反应堆核反应堆But not murder I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.I
14、 had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just on
15、e more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly,Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.I sudde
16、nly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After h
17、aving been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test./The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road i
18、n front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet./I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly,Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner loo
19、ked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.driverslicence驾照practicelicence营业执照licenceplate（美）车牌numberplate（英）车牌test1）v.测验，检查我最好是检查一下眼睛Idbetterhavemyeyestested.2）n.考试，试验，检查，Theiraffectionhasstoodthet
20、estoftime.haveatestdrive试车testmatch国际锦标赛I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavyadj.大量的，多的，密集的heavytraffic交通流量很大，交通拥挤这条路的交通比另一边的拥挤。Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.trafficjam堵车trafficlights,trafficsignals红绿灯trafficcircle（AE）roundabout（BE）转盘道，环形路口heavya
21、dj.Hehadaheavy,sullenface.阴沉的Hedumpedtheheavysuitcasesbythedoor.重的Ifeltsofullafterthatheavymeal.(因油腻而)难消化的 drive 1)v.Canyoudrivemehome/tothestation?Thedeathofhersondrovehermad.Failuredrovehimtosuicide.2)n.路程，车程 到车站只有几分钟车程。Itsonlyafewminutesdrivetothestation.After having been instructed to drive out
22、of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,musthavebeen表示对过去的事情的猜测bepleasedwith对满意他对我的进步很满意Hewaspleasedwithmyprogress.她似乎很满意他来了。Sheseemedverypleasedthathehadcomepe
23、rformancen.表现，表演，履行实行他在工作上表现出色Heisexcellentintheperformanceofhisduties.Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.letussupposethat让我们假设 让我们假设有一起森林火灾。Letussupposethatthereisaforestfir
24、e.Withinprep.不超过，在。之内 她不到一小时就回来了 Shereturnedwithinanhour.Wearenowwithinsightoftheshore.现在我们能看到海岸。I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.我花了10分钟说服她一会儿回电话。Ittookme10minutestopersuadehertocallbacklater.I
25、 suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!inavoice以的声调inamournful/angry/sad/cheerfulvoice他用悲伤的声音告诉了他们那个消息。Hetoldthemthenewsinasad/excitedvoice.beingoodvoice嗓音好loseonesvoice嗓子哑
26、了raiseonesvoice提高声调withonevoice异口同声givevoiceto说出意见Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutthenfinallygave voice toheropinionsaboutthesubject.玛丽在讨论的初期阶段沉默不语，不过最后她发表了对该问题的看法。thevoiceofreason理性的呼声30每句赏析 I was being tested for a driving license for the third time.第三次接受测试。was being tested,过去进行时，
27、正在接受测验，被动的动作正在进行。I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy traffic，交通非常忙碌；so successfully，作者对自己的表现很满意；即使在交通忙碌的路上驾车，“我”还是驾轻就熟，踌躇满志。After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.begin to acquire confidence,开始有了信心,信心的增长有一个渐进的过程。31每句赏
28、析 Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.Sure,省略结构，完整的形式应该是“Being sure”,在文中作状语表示原因；almost beginning to enjoy,作者信心的再次提升，考试对他来说几乎成了一种消遣。The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.must have 对当时情况的推测，很有把握；for从句点明作者作
29、出推测的依据。Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.考官设置一个情景。32 I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.loudly,声音的强度很大。Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to r
30、eact.though 引导让步状语从句，与主句的情况形成对照。作者可以很清楚地听到窗玻璃的声音，可是他似乎是忘乎所以，过了很久都没有反映过来。每句赏析33 I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.suddenly,表示作者突然间反应过来；hard,用力过猛；and 之后的句子说明结果；were both thrown forward,两人都被抛到前面。The examiner looked at me sadly.sadly,考官大失所望。Mr.Eames,he said,in a mou
31、rnful voice,you have just killed that child!in a mournful voice,考官用一种很悲伤的声调说话，与前文的“sadly”相对应；虽然考官只是设想一种情境，不过看到作者的表现，还是很煞有其事地用悲伤的语气告诉他：孩子给轧死了。考官的一本正经，滑稽幽默跃然之上，让文章生色不少。每句赏析被动语态被动语态语法学习语法学习I was being tested for a driving license for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had don
32、e so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.【Key structures】被动语态的构成：.被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变
33、化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisaredone一般过去时：wasweredone一般将来时：willshall bedone现在进行时：amisare beingdone过去进行时：waswere beingdone现在完成时：havehas beendone 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变
34、为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger
35、was seen to walk into the building.1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.可改为The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.改为I am never let to watch TV by mother.4.在被动语态中还可以用介词+动名词结构。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以
36、用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。After having been instructed to drive out of the town,I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我就开始有信心了。The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话He killed a child before being arrested他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子On/After
37、 being told that her mother was seriously,she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。被动语态可以用于被动语态可以用于“介词介词+动名动名词词”结构中，在英语中是很正式结构中，在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语的用法，一般不用于口语。介词（介词（afterafter，beforebefore，on on）+动名动名词词”这个结构通常相当于一个这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之
38、前已经完成，则可以用始之前已经完成，则可以用“after+after+动名词的完成式动名词的完成式”表示第一个动作；表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用如果只表示先后顺序，则可用“after/before+after/before+动名词动名词”结构结构“on+on+动名词动名词”通常表示两个动通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生作几乎同时发生The man called the police after being robbed.He killed a child before being arrested.On/After being told that her mother was ser
39、iously ill,she hurried back to England.被动语态用于被动语态用于wantwant后面的不定后面的不定式中时，式中时，to beto be可以省略，可以省略，wantwant后后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作人完成所说的动作 I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性I was being asked about the film all day yesterday.sted1、I was being t
40、ested for a driving licence for the third time.a driving licence 驾驶执照was being tasted 过去进行时态被动语态，叙述故事，描述情境for 表目的 for+次数2、I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy adj.大量的，多的，密集的 Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.3.After having been instructed
41、to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.after having been instructed to drive out of town介词短语作时间状语，主从句主语一致时，可简化从句原句为：After I had been instructed to drive out of town,Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.此处省略了being，这个分词结构在句中作状语表原因As he was most worried about his c
42、hild,he didnt sleep last night.Worried about his child,he didnt sleep last night.5、The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must
43、 stop within five feet.must have been表示对过去的事情的猜测performance n.表现，表演，工作情况Specialdifficulties Practice and Advice practice n.（反复的）练习，实践，实行 practise vt.&vi.练习，经常做 Jimmyusedtopractise(playing)footballeveryafternoon.Shepractisesonthepianoforthreehourseveryday.Hestillneedsalotofpractice.Hepractisesthepian
44、oeveryday.Specialdifficulties advice n.忠告,劝告,建议(不可数名词)Shegavemesomegoodadvice/apieceofadviceaboutjobs.advisevt.&vi.劝告，向提供提议Sheadvisedmeagainstgoingtotheparty.她建议/劝我不要去参加聚会 Iwanttogiveyousomeadvice.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Specialdifficulties Enjoy,Entertain and Amuse enjoy vt.欣赏，喜爱，享受之乐（后跟名词、动名词，用于主动语态
45、）Ienjoyswimminginsummer.Werereallyenjoyingourselves.entertainvt.款待，招待，请客；使快乐，给娱乐（=amuse）Weoftenentertainfriendsatweekends.SpecialdifficultiesUncleSamentertains/amusesthechildrenforhoursatatime.萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。Mychildrencanentertain/amusethemselvesforhourswithtellingstoriestoeachother.amuse vt.逗乐，逗笑
46、（常用于被动语态）Shewasamusedbyherfathersfunnystories.Hisstoryamusedthechildrenverymuch.Specialdifficulties 过去进行时wasalmostbeginning 1过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，atthis（that）time，yesterday，atnine，lastnight等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。What were you doing at nine last night？昨晚九点时，你在做什么？I
47、called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。2 当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。It was raining hard when I left my office.当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。When you called，I was eating.你打电话时，我正在
48、吃饭。When I was cleaning the windows，my brother was sweeping the floor.（当）我在擦窗户的时候，我弟弟在拖地。Some students were playing football，while others were running round the track.一些学生在踢足球，同时别的学生正在跑道上跑步。We were walking along the river when（suddenly）It rained.我们沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来。They were watching TV when the lights w
49、ent out.停电时，他们刚好在看电视。（注意：同上例）3 过去进行时表示过去将来的动作 现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。She went to see Xiao Li.He was leaving early the next morning.她去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。She asked him whether he was coming back to lunch.她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。61I for a driving license for the third time.I to drive
50、in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.重点整理重点整理for表目的for+次数动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词，a stick for walking）a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词，a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词）the changing world 变化中的世界（现在分词）lightwas being testedhad been asked6
