1、1.定义2.转换3.人称变化4.时态变化5.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化6.Exercises2.时态不变情况1.时态变化情况一、定义：引述某人的话一般采取两种形式：一是原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话语不放 在引号内，这叫做间接引语。直接引语一般前后加引号，间接引语不用 加引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。例如：Mr.Black said:“Im busy.”布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）Mr.Black said that he was busy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）二、转换1.陈述句 直接引语
2、如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“I will go to Beijing tomorrow,”said he.He said(that)he would go to Beijing the next day.2.一般疑问句 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，用if 或weather连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“Is she from America?”he said to me.3.特殊疑问句 如果直接引语是特殊
3、疑问句，变为间接引语时，用特殊疑问词连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“When will you go to Chongqing?”he said to me.He asked me when I would go to Chongqing.4.祈使句 直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语。原主句谓语动词say须改为ask,tell,order,等含有祈使意义的及物动词，构成 ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.。例如：“Please sit down and have a
4、 rest.”she said to us.She asked us to sit down and have a rest.她让我们坐下来歇会。The teacher said:“Be careful with your pronunciation.”否定的祈使句在改为间接引语时，须在不定式to前加not。例如：“Dont make so much noise,children!”she said.She told the children not to make so much noise.她叫孩子们别制造噪音。The teacher told us to be careful with
5、our pronunciation.老师让我们注意发音。三、人称的变化：如果直接引语是第三者所说的话，或虽是自己所说的话，但听的人已经换了人，则人称要作相应的变化。如：He said:“I will go to London by air”He said that he would go to London by air.他说他要乘飞机去伦敦。I told him,“I dont agree with you.”I told him that I did not agree with him.我告诉他我不赞同他。“when will we go to Chongqing?”he said to
6、 her.He asked her when they would go to Chongqing.“You will come here tomorrow,”she said to me.She told me that I would go to there the next day.四、时态的变化四、时态的变化1.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如：直接引语直接引语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过
7、去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时cancanmaymaymustmustshallshallwillwill间接引语间接引语一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时couldcouldmightmighthad to;musthad to;mustshouldshouldwouldwould例句：He said:“I am from America.”He said that he was from America.他说他来自美国。He said:“I am doing my homework.”He
8、said that he was doing his homework.他说他正在做家庭作业。She said:“I can manage it myself.”She said that she could manage it herself.她说她可以自己做。“I finished the work and Im tired,”he said.He said that he had finished the work and he was tired.他说他完成了这工作，有点累了。a主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原直接引主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间
9、接引语和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变语的时态一样，不作改变。如 He says,“I have finished my homework.”He says that he has finished his homework.他说他已经完成了家庭作业 She will say,“I will do it tomorrow.”She will say that shell do it tomorrow.她会说她明天做。“Im from America and I like pop music,”says Tom.Tom says that he is from America and he li
10、ke pop music.2.时态不变的几种情况：b.有几种情况时，有几种情况时，尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词的时态也无须改变。的时态也无须改变。直接引语有直接引语有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去时，而不用改为过去完成时时，而不用改为过去完成时。如：。如：Hesaid,“IjoinedthePartyin1938.HesaidthathejoinedthePartyin1938.他说他是他说他是1938年入的党。年入的党。所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真
11、理、格言等，时态不变所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变。如。如：Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.他说熟能生巧。他说熟能生巧。有些情态动词，如有些情态动词，如must，need，oughtto等，无过去时，变间接等，无过去时，变间接引语时，可以不变。如：引语时，可以不变。如：Hesaid,“Allmenmustdie.”Hesaidthatallmenmustdie.他说所有人都会死。他说所有人都会死。五、五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向
12、性动词的变化，如，如 直接引语直接引语指示代词指示代词this this thesethese时时间间状状语语nownowtodaytodaythis morningthis morningtonighttonightagotomorrowtomorrowyesterdayyesterdaylast nightlast nightthe day before yesterdaythe day before yesterdaythree days agothree days agonext weeknext week地点状语地点状语herehere方向性动词方向性动词bringbringcome
13、come间接引语间接引语thatthatthosethosethenthenthat daythat daythat morningthat morningthat nightthat nightbeforethe next daythe next daythe day beforethe day beforethe night beforethe night beforetwo days beforetwo days beforethree days beforethree days beforethe next weekthe next weektheretheretaketakegogo
14、例句：He said,“I saw a film yesterday and Ill see another next week.”He said that he had seen a film the day before and that he would see another the next week.他说他在前一天已经看过一场电影而且他下星期还要看另外一场电影。“I met him three days ago and he brought these books to me.”Mary said to me.Mary told me she had met him three d
15、ays before and he had taken those Books to her.Mary告诉我她三天前见过他,他当时给了她这些书.六、Exercise:1.“IwillgotoAmericanextyear,”shesaidtome.2.“Haveyouinvitedhertodinnertonight?”Tomsaidtome.3.“Howmuchmoneydidyoupayforthedriver?”Marysaidtohim.4.“Pleaseclosethedoor,”theteachersaidtothestudent.HetoldmethathewouldgotoAm
16、ericathenextyear.Tomaskedmeif Ihadinvitedhertodinnerthatnight.Maryaskedmehow much moneyIhadpaidforthedriver.Theteacheraskedthestudenttoclosethedoor.5.“Whatareyoulookingfor?”Isaidtoher.Iaskedherwhatshewaslookingfor.6.“Pleasegoupstairstobringmeanumbrella,”hesaidtoJane.HeaskedJanetogoupstairstotakehima
17、numbrella.7.“ArentyoufromShanghai?“Isaidtoher.8.“Iwenttoseeadoctorlastnight,”hesaidtome.9.”Wearegoingtodoourhomeworkinyouroffice,”hesaidtome.10.“Howdoyoufindhislecture?”Hesaidtome.11.“ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavecometoChina,“hesaid.12.“Comeandsithere,”hesaidtome.Iaskedherwhether or notshewasfromShangh
18、ai.Hetoldmethathehadgonetoseeadoctorthenightbefore.Hetoldmetheyweregoingtodotheirhomeworkinmyoffice.Heaskedme howIfoundhislecture.HesaidthatthatwashisfirsttimethathehadcometoChinaHeaskedmetogoandsitthere；http:/ veg91whv 及伸手，就晕了过去。啊，真心烦，明明自己这么小心了，还是被什么黑衣杀手逮到，我是死了还是死了还是死了？最好是穿越了回去吧！心里想着，刚能勉强睁开眼皮的眼睛却看到
19、了模糊的两个身影，再定了定神看了一看，看出了左边那个是小琴。哎，原来我是单纯的晕了过去而已啊，也没回去出租屋，还好也没有被杀死，好吧，扯平了。小琴见我醒来了，连忙对我问道，“你没事吧？”听罢，我算是完全清醒过来了，发现自己躺在草地上，于是做起来回答道，“还好，应该没能死掉。”“这新来的家丁说话真让人听不懂。”突然一个陌生的声音*来。我先是愣了一愣，抬头向那人看去。丫，原来是个女人。看她的打扮，一身要去打架的装束，穿着布鞋，腰间上还配有一把剑，身上别的地方能简朴的都显得灰常简朴，要不是她扎起了马尾辫，头发上有那么一个发叉，我还真不能认出这是个女的，谁叫她的脸蛋一点女子气息都没透露出来，说是素颜那
20、也实在是太素颜了。但是看着还挺养眼的，身材挺好的嘛，还以为全部女人要不是就是瘦的像一根骨头，要不就胖的像那丑夫人。这下我把会武功的归另一类了。打量完了，我顺势站了起来，脑里想到这家伙刚才差点拿了我的命，于是我不禁往小琴那靠了过去，小琴讲状，又是愣了一愣。待我走到小琴身旁，正想问小琴这家伙是啥来头，那女人又是快速走了过来，一手把我扯起来然后摔倒身后的草地上，并说道，“这还是个胆大好色的家丁。”说罢，小琴听没做声，低下了头。“你敢再乱来，小心我傅烨拿你的命。”天啊，这，我被摔得太冤枉啦。这是什么思考思维啊，这有必要这么分清男女界线吗？而且我什么都没做啊，只是出于自我保护的意识，靠近熟悉的人远离陌生
21、的人罢了。傅烨？副业？是啊，你的副业就是乱杀好人吧？就冲着会一些武功，乱欺负好人。心里又是一阵狂想，但她也许大少爷的某某小老婆，于是嘴里说到，“小的不知道是夫人，如有得罪，请一定要饶了小的。”说罢，由作跪下埋头状。哎，身不由己，我已经不在乎跪不跪下，尊不尊严了。“夫人？”那两人都是惊讶地说道。“你弄错了”小琴刚说，那女人就接着说道，“喂，新来的家丁，你给我记好了，我不是什么夫人，我是这大宅子的看护，说白了就是抓你这种好色之徒，然后大打一顿，免得大有什么危险。”说罢，那女人豪气的笑了起来。小琴也被这气氛渲染了，又作矜持状笑了笑。哦，原来是看场的，难怪这么神经质，动不动就把别人当色魔揍一顿；而且还是保护大的安全的，也难怪要个女的来看场。刚想起身埋怨这女的几句，又是一时想到，这看场的武功这么好，以后我的小命随时丢在她手上，况且看场的总比家丁高级一些吧。于是我把原本打
