1、阅 读 理 解目录CONTENTSPART ONEPART TWOPART THREEPART FOUR01地位1.纵观历年的高考真题，阅读理解在英语试卷中都是考查的重中之重，占据着非常重要的地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。因此，掌摨好阅读理解的技巧和解题策略是每位学生在高中阶段必须学会的一门必修课，也是在英语考试中得高分的关键。2.学习任何语言都需要大量的阅读，英语也不例外。英语学习能者，一般说来，都读过数量相当的书；就是说，只有书读得比较多的人，才能真正地学好英语。国家课程标准中英语课程标准指出，高中英语教学应该着型培养以下几方面的能力：在人际交往中得体地使用英语的能力；用英语获取和处理信息的
2、能力：用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力以及批判性思维能力.在英语教学的四大基木技能中，“读”是其中的一个重要的技能。“读”对学生的综合能力要求高，也非常能够检验出学生真正接收到的英语知识，因此，阅读教学是难度很大也很重要的一块教学内容。02常考题型高考英语常见的九种阅读理解题型：高考英语常见的九种阅读理解题型：1.1.例证题例证题 2.2.指指代代题题 3.3.词汇题（词汇题（隐蔽型词汇隐蔽型词汇题）题）4.4.句子句子理解理解题题 5.5.主旨大意题主旨大意题 6.作者作者态度题态度题 7.判断题判断题 8.细节理解题细节理解题 9.9.推断题推断题重点题型中的几个问题重点题型中的几个问题1
3、1.词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义2 2.句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。3 3.推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。031.例证题：例证题的标记。当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。（即用
4、例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。）要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。2.指代题：返回原文，找出出题的指代词。向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。3.词汇题：（“搜索代入”法）返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。确定该词汇的词性从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适
5、找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选项，即答案。注意：注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。隐蔽型
6、词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。4.句子理解题：返回原文找到原句。对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。思路：对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。5.推理题：“最近原则”标志：learn,infer,imply,inform看是否可以通过题干返回原文或
7、依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。6.主旨题：（“串线摘帽”即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。）主旨题的标志：mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和
8、转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的)小心首段陷阱。主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容;范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。7.作者态度题：标志：attitude应精确理解四个选项的含义。不要掺杂自己的观点。可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately,excessively,too many.举
9、例的方式。抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋篇结构。做作者态度题时特别注意：首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。8.判断题：看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。9.细节题：看完题目回到原文，重叠原文，得出答案1.重点题型中的几个问题：词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。2.正确答案的特征：经常与中心思想有关
10、。最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can,may,might,possible,not necessarily,some.经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。3.错误答案的特征：第一大层次：无中生有(未提及的概念);正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边)第二大层次：过分绝对;扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly);因果倒置;常识判断;推得过远;偏离中心;变换词性。常识判断：如果
11、一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现;如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正答案。注意!#1#2#3结构看总分 a new study shows that主角找重复 old devices;outdated devices情感判正误 bad news3.遇到生词怎么办？直接涂黑你不需要认识所有单词！只需利用你认识的单词读懂文章做对题！能读懂的句子读慢点，读不懂的句子读快点！4.模糊翻译文章=东西关系态度名词：东西动词：关系（搞）形容词/副词：态度（好/坯）2.看懂文章=看懂这篇文章的主题=看懂这篇文章在反复解释什么1.首要任务:是看懂文章的“主题（反复解释的东
12、西）04AMark Twain left school when he was twelve.He had little school education.In spite of this,he became the most famous writer of his time.He made millions of dollars by writing.His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens,but he is better known all over the world as Mark Twain,his pen name.Mark Twai
13、n was born in 1835 and he was not a healthy baby.In fact,he was not expected to live through the first winter.But with his mothers tender care,he managed to survive.As a boy,he caused much trouble for his parents.He used to play jokes on all of his friends and neighbors.He didnt like to go to school
14、,and he constantly ran away from home.He always went in the direction of the nearby Mississippi River.He was nearly drowned nine times.After his fathers death in 1847,Mark Twain began to work for a printer,who only provided him with food and clothing.Then,he worked as a printer,a riverboat pilot and
15、 later joined the army.But shortly after that he became a miner.During this period,he started to write short stories.Afterwards he became a fulltime writer.In 1870,Mark Twain got married.In the years that followed he wrote many books including Tom Sawyer in 1876,and Huckleberry Finn in 1884,which ma
16、de him famous,and brought him a great fortune.Unfortunately,Mark Twain got into debts in bad investments(投资)and he had to write large numbers of stories to pay these debts.In 1904,his wife died,and then three of their children passed away.At the age of 70,his hair was completely white.He bought many
17、 white suits and neckties.He wore nothing but white from head to foot until his death on April 21,1910.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了文坛巨匠马克吐温的生平事迹和所取得的成就。1Mark Twain left school at 12 to_Awork as a minerBwrite stories Cjoin the armyDmake a living2Which of the following about Mark Twain is NOT true?AHe was not a
18、 healthy boy.BHe caused much trouble for his parents.CHe gained lots of money by writing.DHe had a happy childhood but a sad later life.3_brought him fame and lots of money.AHis worksBHis investments CHis printingDHis family4The best title of this passage is_AMark Twains Works BMark Twains LifeCMark
19、 Twains Fame DMark Twains SuccessD细节理解题D推理判断题A细节理解题B主旨大意题BThe Million Pound Bank Note(1953)Directed by Ronald NeameWritten by Mark Twain(story),Jill CraigieGenre(类型):Comedy(more)Plot Outline:Two rich British men offer a penniless American a loan,without telling him that the amount is one million pou
20、nd,and this in the form of a single bank note.(more)User Comments:Great fun.you can bank on it!(more)Cast Overview:Gregory Peck.Henry Adams;Ronald Squire.Oliver Montpelier;Joyce Grenfell.Duchess of Cromarty;AE.Matthews.Duke of Frognell;Maurice Denham.Mr Reid(more)Also Known As:Man with a Million(USA
21、)Runtime:90 minutesCountry:UKLanguage:EnglishColor:Color(Technicolor)Sound Mix：Mono(Western Electric Sound System)Certification:Australia:G/Finland:S/Sweden:Btl/UK:U/USA:ApprovedTrivia(花絮):The story is set in 1903.The one million pound note at the time would be worth about$100，000，000 nowadays or 65
22、，000，000.(more)本文是一篇电影简介。文章对电影百万英镑的相关信息，如故事情节、演员等方面进行了简要介绍。5Mark Twain set the story The Million Pound Bank Note in the year _A1953.B1903.C2002.D1890.6The film The Million Pound Bank Note was made in_Athe UK Bthe USACAustralia DFinland7Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase in the
23、passage?ARely on.BLook on.CCarry on.DTake on.8The passage most probably appears in_Aa film poster Ba newspaperCa magazine Da web pageBAAD细节理解题细节理解题词义猜测题推理判断题Welcome to Adventure land!Everyone loves Adventure land!The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore(探索),enjoy,and admire their wond
24、ers.Every visit will be an unforgettable experience.You will go away enriched,longing to come back.What are you going to do this time?The Travel PavilionExplore places you have never been to before,and experience different ways of life.Visit the Amazon jungle(丛林)village,the Turkish market,the Tai fl
25、oating market,the Berber mountain house and others.Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives,and things they make.You can try making a carpet,making nets,fishing.The Future TowerThis exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives.It allows us to look into the future and explor
26、e the cities of the next century and the way well be living then.Spend some time in our space station and climb into our simulator(模拟装置)for the Journey to Mars!The Nature ParkThis is not really one park but several.In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers:s
27、ee lions,giraffes,elephants in the wild.Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales.And then there is still the Aviary to see.The PyramidThis is the center of Adventureland.Run out of film,need some postcards and stamps?For all these things and many more,visit our underground shopping
28、 center.Come here for information and ideas too.9The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors_Arealize the importance of travellingBlearn something about different places in the worldClearn how to make things such as fishing netsDbecome familiar with mountain countries10If you are interested in kno
29、wing about what peoples life will be,you may visit_Athe Travel PavilionBthe PyramidCthe Safari ParkDthe Future Tower11If you want to get a toy lion to take home,where will you most likely go?AThe Pyramid.BThe Nature Park.CThe Future Tower.DThe Travel Pavilion.DI had the meanest mother in the world.W
30、hile other kids ate candy for breakfast,I had to have cereal,eggs and toast.Others had cakes and candy for lunch,while we had to eat a sandwich.As you can guess,my supper was different from the other kids.But at least I was not alone in my suffering.My sister and two brothers had the same mean mothe
31、r as I did.My mother insisted on knowing where we were at all times.She had to know who our friends were and what we were doing.We had to wear clean clothes every day.Other kids always wore their clothes for days.We reached the height of disgrace because she made our clothes herself,just to save mon
32、ey.The worst was yet to come.We had to be in bed by 9：00 each night and get up at 7：45 the next morning.So when my friends slept,my mother actually had the courage to break Child Labour Law.She made us work.I believed she lay awake all night thinking up mean things to do to us.Through the years,our
33、friends report cards had beautiful colors on them,black for passing,red for failing.My mother,however,would merely be content with black marks.None of us was allowed the pleasure of being a dropout.She forced us to grow up into educated and honest adults.Using this as a background,Im now trying to b
34、ring up my three children.Im filled with pride when my children think I am mean because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the world.12From the passage we can learn that the writers mother was_Anot generous at all Bvery strict with her childrenCvery mean with money matters
35、 Dvery cruel to her children13Which of the following things did the writer hate to do most?AEating differently from other kids.BWearing clean clothes made by mother.CGoing to bed early and getting up early.DLetting mother know where they were.14It can be inferred from the passage that_Athe writer wo
36、rked hard and usually got good grades in studiesBmother was punished for breaking Child Labour LawCall the other kids studied better than the writerDthe writers family lived a miserable life15Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?AMother practised economy in running her home.BThe writer is very thankful to her mother.CThe writer is severe with her children when bringing them up.DThe writer has a deep hatred for her mother.Thank youSee you next time！
