1、胜利石油管理局钻井培训中心胜利石油管理局钻井培训中心 专家交流座谈专家交流座谈2023-1-31 在此仅介绍目前国内外普遍采用的在此仅介绍目前国内外普遍采用的API标准和系列的法兰、标准和系列的法兰、栽丝、栽丝、卡箍及钢圈。卡箍及钢圈。井口设备端部连接及密封井口设备端部连接及密封2023-1-321）API法兰结构与类型 API法兰按连接形式，可分为整体式、螺纹式和径部焊接式法兰；按最大工作压力，可分为6B型和6BX型法兰。压力级别类型 最大工作压力（MPa）6B14 21 356BX 35 70 105 1402023-1-332）API卡箍结构：在国内卡箍以前多用于采油井口，目前国内外已逐
2、步将其用于钻井防喷器组合的连接中，并已列入API标准。压力级别：API卡箍压力级别分为两种：35 MPa、70 MPa.2023-1-343）密封钢圈 类型：密封钢圈可分为R型机械压紧式和RX、BX型压力自紧式。6B 型法兰：R型和RX型 6BX型法兰：BX型 卡箍型连接：只能用RX型 RX、BX型具有压力增强密封（助封）作用，压力越高，密封越可靠。R型和RX型允许重复使用，而BX型不允许。2023-1-352023-1-36SHAFFER GATE VALVES FOR MANUAL AND REMOTE OPERATION 节流阀节流阀 平板阀平板阀2023-1-37节流阀节流阀 平板阀使
3、用注意事项平板阀使用注意事项2023-1-38六、节流（六、节流（JGJG ）压井管汇（）压井管汇（YGYG）1。压力等级：以最后一次开钻的BOP 的压力级别为准。2。公称通径：井口四通与节流管汇五通的管汇内径：一般3 高压气井4 放喷管汇：一般3（4）2023-1-39六、节流（六、节流（JGJG ）压井管汇（）压井管汇（YGYG）1。节流管汇的功用是：1）压井时实施节流循环，控制井内流体的流出井口，控制井口回压（立压和套压），维持井底压力地层压力，并且保持不变，制止溢流。2）起泄压作用，降低井口压力，实现“软关井”。3）起分流放喷作用，将溢流物引出井场以外，防止井场着火和人员中毒，确保钻井
4、安全。2023-1-310六、节流（六、节流（JGJG ）压井管汇（）压井管汇（YGYG）2。压井管汇的功用是：1）当全封闸板关井时，通过压井管汇往井眼内强行泵入加重钻井液，实现反循环压井。2）发生井喷时，通过压井管汇往井眼内强行泵入清水，以防燃烧起火。3）发生井喷着火时，过压井管汇往井眼内强行泵注灭火剂，以助灭火。2023-1-3113。安装1）其连接管线一定要平直，通径不得小于78mm，且必须接出井架底座外，节流管汇的主放喷管线通径不得小于78mm，对于大流量的空气钻井或天然气钻井，推荐采用通径为100mm的主放喷管线。2）防喷器组合与节流管汇之间应装一个能远程控制的液动闸阀，在节流管汇两
5、翼至少有一翼要设置液动节流阀。采用筒形阀板结构的节流阀。3）不允许将节流压井管汇作为日常灌钻井液的管线用。在低寒地区使用时，应采用保温或排尽液体或灌入合适的防冻液等，做到防冻。2023-1-312TEST PLUGS AND TEST JOINTS7.A.15 Test Plugs.Several makes of test plugs are available for testing preventer stacks.The testing tool arrangement should provide for testing the bottom blowout preventer fl
6、ange.Test plugs generally fall into two types,hanger type and cup type.a.The hanger type test plug has a steel body with outer dimensions to fit the hanger recess of corresponding types of casinghead.An O-ring pressure seal is provided between the tester and the hanger recess(refer to Figs 7.A.1 and
7、 7.A.2).The tester is available in various sizes depending on wellhead type and size and is equipped with tool joint connections.These plugs should be constructed with an upper bevel and/or bevelled groove(refer to Figs,7.A.1 and 7.A.2)to facilitate the use of locking screws.The O-ring groove,if use
8、d,should be machined to permit a pressure seal from above or below the plug.Other types of seals should also be capable of holding pressure from above or below the plug.Weep holes may be drilled in the pin end of the test joint ormay be installed in the test plug.These testers can be provided with a
9、 plug totest blind rams with the drill string removed.The tester can be retrieved with the drill string.2023-1-313b.The cup type test plug(refer to Figs.7.A.3 and 7.A.4)consists of a mandrel threaded with a box on top and a pin on bottom,for a tool joint connection.A cup type pressure element holds
10、pressure from above.Some models(refer toFig.7.A.1)contain a back pressure valve to bypass fluid when going in the hole.Also,a set of snap plugs(usually 4)can be provided integral to the mandrel so that the snap plugs can be broken off by dropping a bar inside the pipe,thereby allowing the annulus to be connected with the inside of the drill pipe to permit pulling the tool without swabbing the hole.2023-1-3142023-1-3152023-1-3162023-1-3172023-1-3182023-1-3192023-1-3202023-1-3212023-1-322THANKS FOR YOUR TIMETHE ENDTHE END2023-1-323
