1、专题九专题十特殊句式(倒装、强调和省略等),考向分析特殊句式包括倒装、感叹句、祈使句、强调和省略等,在高考试题中只是偶尔会考查一次。虽然特殊句式不是高考的重点考点,但是仍然需要灵活掌握,而且掌握好特殊句式还有助于写作能力的提升。,考点一 倒装,考点二 感叹句与祈使句,考点三 强调句型,本专题考点,考点四 省略,考点清单考点一倒装一、完全倒装单句填空1.Now, just in front of the house stands (stand)a tall tree with a history of 100 years.答案stands句意:现在,就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树
2、。表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词,后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式;根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时;本句主语为第三人称单数,故填stands。,语境运用,2.Among the crises that face humans is (be) the lack of natural re-sources.答案is该句为倒装句式,主语为“the lack of natural resources”,而该句描述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。故空格处填is。单句改错3.John opened the door and there stand a girl he had ne
3、ver seen before. standstood 答案standstoodthere位于句首,且主语不是人称代词时,句子应用完全倒装形式,结合语境可知,stand错误,应用一般过去时态,故stand改为stood。,完全倒装(Full Inversion)谓语部分完全放在主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。1.副词、介词短语类:表示地点的副词here,there置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词),需用完全倒装,其形式为:There/Here+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为be,go,come,exist,follow,remain,lie等,时态要用一般现在时。There goes t
4、he last bus.末班公共汽车开走了。Here is the money I promised you.这是我答应给你的钱。There goes the bell for break.下课铃响了。Here you are.给你。(代词作主语,不倒装),用法精讲,表示时间的副词(如:now,then等)、运动方向的副词(如:out,in,up,down,away等)及表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词(不是代词),需用完全倒装,其形式为:副词或介词短语+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为come,fall,follow,exist,lie,go,remain,run等,时态为一般现
5、在时或一般过去时。Now comes your turn!现在该你了!Up went the arrow into the air.箭直射向空中。Under the table sleeps a white cat.在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。Behind the counter he stood.他站在柜台后面。(代词作主语,不倒装),2.表语类:为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分等,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such置于句首时,需用完全倒装,其形式为:形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/such+be+主语。Happy are those who are contented.知足者常
6、乐。Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。Inside the parcel was a letter.包裹里有封信。Such were his words.(=Such was what he said.)这就是他说的话。,二、部分倒装单句填空1.Not until recentlydid they encourage the development of tourist-re-lated act
7、ivities in the rural areas.答案did句意:直到近期,他们才开始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。not until位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装结构,此处指过去所发生的动作,需用一般过去时,故答案为did。 2.Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.答案did句意:直到莉莉走进办公室她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装形式。根据题干中的had left可以推断出设空处应该用一般
8、过去时,故填did。,语境运用,3. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the pa-tients be treated properly in this hospital.答案Only句意:只有将医生的人数增加50%,病人才能在这家医院得到恰当的治疗。“only+状语”置于句首时,句子要部分倒装。其正常语序是:The patients can be treated properly in this hospital only by in-creasing the number of doctors by 50
9、 percent.4.So buried was (be)she in doing her homework that she didnt notice it got dark outside.答案was句意:她如此全神贯注做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。so.that.句型中,将so.置于句首,后面的主谓语需部分倒装;根据题中的didnt可知设空处需用一般过去时,故答案为was。,单句改错5.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course;nor does he even give it a thought. d
10、oeswill 答案doeswill否定副词neither,never,seldom等放在句首时,句子用部分倒装形式。逗号前使用了一般将来时,根据语境,逗号之后也应用一般将来时。,二、部分倒装(Partial Inversion)把be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有下面几种:1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。使用特点:(1)在部分倒装句中,如果谓语部分无助动词,则需找助动词来“帮助”构成倒装句。(?)Only aft
11、er the war learned he the sad news.()Only after the war did he learn the sad news.只是在战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。,用法精讲,(2)only 修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装,主句倒装。(?)Only when did he return we found out the truth.()Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只是当他回来的时候,我们才查明了真相。(3)only 修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。(?)Only can he answer the q
12、uestion.()Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。2.否定词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时。,Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.以前我从未看过这么
13、感人的电影。Not a single mistake did he make.=He didnt make a single mistake.他一个错误也没犯。Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.=I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.我认为在天黑之前完成这项工作几乎是不可能的。3.六个重要的固定句型:(1)“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“也是如此”。They love having lots of friends;
14、so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友,那些身有残疾的人也是如此。,使用特点:此句型也可写成“it is/was the same with.”或“so it is/was with.”。They love having lots of friends;,如果仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so=indeed),那么,句子不可使用倒装。试比较:A:I was afraid.(I 指的是A)B:So was I.(I 指的是B。此句意为:I was afraid,too.)A:我害怕。B:我也是。,A:I was afraid.(I 指的是A)B:So
15、you were.(you 指的也是A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.)A:我害怕。B:你就是这样。(2)“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“也不这样”。Lily cant ride a bicycle;neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。使用特点:此句型也可写成“it is/was the same with.”或“so it is/was with.”。Lily cant ride a bicycle;,此句型中的neither/nor不可用so.not 替代,但可用not.either 改写。(?
16、)I have never been abroad.So hasnt he.()I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.,()I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.我没出过国。他也没有。(3)?So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself under-stood.他说英语说得如此清晰,以至于别人都能听得懂。Such an interesting book does he have
17、that we all want to read it.他有一本如此有趣的书,以至于我们都想读。,使用特点:在这个句型中,so,such后面的句子要倒装,而that 引导的从句不倒装。,(4)Neither.nor.意为“不,也不”。Neither do I know it;nor do I care about it.我不知道这件事,也不关心。使用特点:由于neither 和nor 都是否定词,所以它们后面的句子均需倒装。(5)Not only.but also.意为“不仅而且”。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but a
18、lso medical treat-ment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助,而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。,使用特点:此句型也可写成 Not only.but.或Not only.but.as well 的形式,但but(also)连接的句子必须用正常语序。(6)Not until.意为“直到才”。Not until 4:00 in the morning could he fall asleep.直到早晨4点他才睡着。Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。但是:Not until did he return we had supper.(?)使用特点:not until 引导的是从句时,从句的主谓不可倒装,只是主句需要倒装。,三、其他倒装单句填空1.One has reason to believe that Chinas anti-corruption over the past few years, tough as/though it is, has achieved i
