1、Subjunctive Mood含义含义动动 词词 形形 式式与事实与事实相反相反If 从从 句句 过去过去现在现在将来将来主主 句句did/werehad+donedid/werewere to+doshould+dowould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+have done1.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句341 If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present,what would you do with it?2 If you became the head of the Un
2、ited Nations,what would you do first?3 If you travelled anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do?(the present)541 If someone had given you a valuable painting as a present,what would you have done with it?2 If you had become the head of the United Nations,what would you have do
3、ne first?3 If you had travelled anywhere in the world,where would you have gone and what would you have done?(the past)51 If someone gave you a valuable painting as a present,what would you do with it?2 If you were to become the head of the United Nations,what would you do first?3 If you should trav
4、el anywhere in the world,where would you go and what would you do?(the future)5省略省略if的倒装句的倒装句e.g.1.If they were here,they would help us.如果从句中有如果从句中有were，should，had等词，等词，可省可省略略if，并把并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装。放句首进行倒装。2.If you had come earlier,nothing would have happened.Were they here,they would help us
5、.Had you come earlier,nothing would have happened.3.If they should be here tomorrow,they would help us.Should they be here tomorrow,they would help us.省略省略if的倒装句的倒装句 注意：1 条件句中必须有should,were或者had才能省略。2 倒装之后用一般疑问句来检验。假如他那是时不是个党员，他就不会就那个男孩了。（用省略if的倒装句）Had he not been a Party member,he wouldnt have save
6、d the boy.3 否定词not只能留在助于后面，不能移到主语前面。含蓄条件句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 假设情况不以假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如现出来。如without,but for,but,otherwise,because,or等。等。含蓄条件句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 If I had not lost her phone number,I would have rung her up.(用otherwise,but和or分别造句)I lost her phone nu
7、mber.Otherwise,I would have rung her up.I would have rung her up but I lost her phone number.I lost her phone number or I would have rung her up.含蓄条件句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 要不是有。(but for,without,if it were not for,if it had not been for)If you had not helped me,I would not have the chance to go to school.W
8、ithout/but for your help,I would not have the chance to go to school.含蓄条件句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 If it had not been for your help,I would not have the chance to go to school.But for your help,I would not have the chance to go to school.If it were not for his presence now,I would punish you.But for his pres
9、ence,I would punish you.If it had not been for his presence yesterday,I would have punished you.But for his presence yesterday,I would have punished you.错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。动词的虚拟形的动作发生的时间不一致。动词的虚拟形式要根据时间做出相应的调整式要根据时间做出相应的调整.e.g.If she hadnt studied hard,she wouldnt speak
10、English so well.If he _ his legs yesterday,he _ with us now.A.hadnt hurt;would go B.hadnt hurt;would have goneC.didnt hurt;would go D.didnt hurt;would have gone 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句171921含义含义动动 词词 形形 式式例句例句I wish you had told me earlier.Did/wereHad done对现状对现状表达愿望表达愿望would/could/might+do对过去表示对过去表示遗憾遗憾/后悔后悔
11、对将来对将来表达愿望表达愿望I wish I had a little lab of myown.I wish he couldcome tomorrow.2.wish 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句=if only注意：注意：1 wish 后面跟的宾语从句一定要用虚拟语气。2 hope 没有虚拟语气可以说hope that/hope to do,但是不能说hope sb to do 3 以下情况是可以实现的：wish sb to do,wish sb sthI wish you to be a scientist.We wish you a merry Christmas.含义含义动动 词词 形形
12、 式式例句例句It appeared as if nothing had happened.Did/wereHave done现在现在would/could/might+do过去过去将来将来He looks as if he knew the little girl.The man looked worried,as if something bad would happen.3.as if/as though后的表语或状语从句后的表语或状语从句 (与与wish相同相同)含义含义动动 词词 形形 式式例句例句didHad done现在现在过去过去将来将来I would rather he to
13、ok me over thecrossing.I would rather youhadnt told me thetruth.4.would rather后的宾语从句后的宾语从句 (宁愿宁愿)5.动词形式为动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟的虚拟1.表示命令表示命令/建议建议/要求的词所带的从句要求的词所带的从句 记住以下动词以及他们的名词。记住以下动词以及他们的名词。建议：建议：suggest/recommand/advise/propose要求：要求：require/request/demand/ask/desire命令：命令：order/command/坚持：坚持：insist不
14、过是动词还是名词，不过是主动还是被动不过是动词还是名词，不过是主动还是被动，后面带的不管是主语从句，后面带的不管是主语从句，宾语从句，宾语从句，表语从句还是同位语从句，表语从句还是同位语从句，都要用都要用should do5.动词形式为动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟的虚拟 My suggestion is that we should listen to his opinion first.It is suggested that we should listen to his opinion first My suggestion that we should listen to
15、his opinion first is being discussed.注意当insist硬说，suggest表明，不能有虚拟语气。5.动词形式为动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟的虚拟2.Its+adj.+that 的主语从句的主语从句(adj:necessary/essential/important/natural/strange/possible/impossibleeg.It is important that we should attend the meeting.Its a pity that 可以用虚拟，也可以不用。3.Its(high/about)time+that
16、 从句从句+sb should do/sb did (该是做该是做时候时候)eg.It is time that we should stop work and go home.It is time that we stopped work and went home.注意注意:should 不能省略不能省略;动词也可用过去式动词也可用过去式6.虚拟语气表示祝愿虚拟语气表示祝愿1.Long live Chairman Mao!2.God bless you!3.May you have a long and happy life!4.Wish you a happy birthday!注意注意
17、:动词用原形动词用原形,后边用后边用!may+人人+do!wish+人人+名词名词!7.其他句型其他句型 Had thought/hoped/expected that+过去时间 I had hoped that you could win the match yesterday but you didnt.对过去的猜测 肯定 must have done 否定 can/could not have done 可能 may/might have done 本应该做（实际没有做，有责备意思）Should have done Shouldnt have done 本来有必要作（实际没有做，不含责备
18、意思）Need have done Neednt have donePractice1.If I _(know)her address,I would write to her.2.What would you have done if you _(miss)the train?3.If he _ (not be ill),he would have done something.4.If it _(snow)tomorrow,we _(get up)early.5.If you had asked him yesterday,you _(know)what to do now.knewhad
19、 missedhad not been illwere to/should snow/snowedshould get upwould knowsnowswill get up18判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：1.If we could finish our work earlier we shall go to the cinema.2.The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.3.I wish that it is true.4.Had you put on more clothes,you would no
20、t catch a cold.shall 改成改成 shouldwill not 改成改成(should)notis 改成改成 werewould not catch 改成改成 would not have caughtTranslation 1 用用if条件句条件句 如果他现在知道这消息，他就会合我争吵的。（事实上，他现在不知道这消息。）假如他过去读过这本小说，他早就讲给我们听这个故事了。假如他明天来这里，他就会帮助我们了。（事实上，他明天不来。用三种形式。）If he knew the news now,he would quarrel with me.If he had read the
21、 novel,he would have told us that story.If he came here tomorrow,he would help us.If he should come heretomorrow,he If he were to come here tomorrow,he Translation 2 I wish/if only 要是他昨天已来这里就好了。/但愿他昨天已来这里。要是他现在已在这里就好了。/但愿他现在已在这里。要是他明天会来这里就好了。/但愿他明天会来这里。I wish that he had come here yesterday./If only
22、 he had come here yesterday.I wish that he were here now./If only he were here now.I wish that he would come here tomorrow./If only he would come here tomorrow.Translation 3 用用if条件句的省略式条件句的省略式 假如他过去读过这本小说，他早就讲给我们听这个故事了。假如他明天来这里，他就会帮助我们了。（他明天不来。用两种形式。）Had he read the novel,he would have told us that
23、story.Should he come here tomorrow,he would help us.Were he to come here tomorrow,he would help us.Translation 4 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句:假如没有水和空气，人类就不可能生假如没有水和空气，人类就不可能生存。存。(without)要不是有有你的帮助，我昨天就不能要不是有有你的帮助，我昨天就不能完成这项工作。完成这项工作。(造两句，一句用造两句，一句用but for，另一句另一句if条件句条件句)错综时间条件句错综时间条件句:假如你中午吃过饭，你现在就不会那假如你中午吃过饭，你现在就不会那
24、么饿。么饿。Without water or air,man couldnt live.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work yesterday.If it had not been for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work yesterday.If you had eaten lunch,you wouldnt be so hungry now.Translation 5 他现在走得很慢，好像生病似的。（as if）他那时走得很慢，好像生病似的。（as if）我宁可他马上走开。
25、（would rather）我宁可他昨天就离开这里。（would rather）He walks slowly as if he were ill.He walked slowly as if he had been ill.I would rather he went away at once.I would he had left yesterday.Translation 6 我们马上离开的建议被忽略了。奇怪的是Tom明天也去那里。是时候该回家了。祝你好运！我本来期待你和你的女朋友今天早晨一起来的。My advice that we should leave right away is being ignored.It is strange that Tom go there tomorrow,too.It is(high)time that we went home./It is(high)time that we should go home.Wish you good luck!I had expected that you came here together with your girl-friend this morning.
