1、语法1名词考点一可数名词1.可数名词的复数形式(1)规则变化:情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smapmapsbagbagsbookbooks以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-esbusbuseswatchwatcheswishwishesboxboxes(特例:stomachstomachs)（续表）情况构成方法例词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词去y,再加-iesbabybabiescitycities以“元音字母+y”结尾的词加-smonkeymonkeysholidayholidays以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词表示无生命的词,加-sphotophotospianopianos表示有生命的词,加-
2、esNegroNegroes heroheroespotatopotatoes tomatotomatoes【巧学妙记】黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。（续表）情况构成方法例词以“元音字母+o”结尾的词加-szoozoosradioradioskangarookangaroosvideovideos以f或fe 结尾的词大多数变f或fe为ve,再加-sshelfshelvesthiefthievesknifeknivesleafleaveswolfwolves【巧学妙记】名词变复数变f/fe为ve,再加-s的单词:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去
3、杀狼(wolf),架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。(2)不规则变化:类别构成方法例词复合名词将主体名词变为复数bus stopbus stopsboy studentboy studentslooker-on(旁观者)lookers-onman 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数man doctormen doctorswoman teacherwomen teacherssport修饰名词时,无论主体词是单数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式a sports clubsports shoes（续表）类别构成方法例词特殊名词改变单数名词中的元音字母fo
4、otfeettoothteethmanmenwomanwomenmousemice词尾加-en或-ren oxoxen(公牛)childchildren单复数形式相同sheepsheepdeerdeerspacecraftspacecraft只有复数形式trousersglasses(眼镜)clothespantsjeans scissors（续表）类别构成方法例词特殊名词表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式单复数同形 ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese变词尾的man为menEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen词尾加-sGerm
5、anGermans RomanRomansAmericanAmericans CanadianCanadians【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变,其他后面加-s2.集体名词的数(1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people(人们),police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。如:一名警察 a police()a policeman/policewoman()一个人 a people()a person()(2)family,class,team等,它们以单数形式出现,但实为复数。若它们作主语时,当强调整体时谓语用单数,强调整体中的各个成员时则谓语用复数。注意以s结尾但仍为单
6、数的名词,如maths,politics,physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名等也视为单数。【针对训练】一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Its unusual for Chinese people to eat with(knife)and forks at family dinner.2.The(box)are too heavy for the little boy to carry.3.During the holidays,trains,(bus)and planes are al
7、l very busy.4.A few(boy)are drawing on the wall.5.The (child)are flying kites in the park now.knivesboxesbusesboyschildren6.Many young people look up to the basketball(hero)and want to become people like them.7.My parents are (German),but they live and work in England.8.There are some(sheep)eating t
8、he grass.9.How long does it take you to get to school?About 20 (minute)by subway.10.Lucy was surprised to see some(mouse)running inside her room at night.heroesGermanssheepminutesmice二、单项选择1.Tim got four from his relatives on Childrens Day.A.toyB.toysC.toies答案B解析toy是以元音字母加y结尾,在词尾加s即可。故选B。2.Look!Some
9、 are on the farm.A.horse and cowsB.monkey and cowC.sheep and cows3.Amy is good at singing.She wants to be a in the future.A.singerB.cookC.writerCA4.2020湘西 Annie took a lot of with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday.A.photoB.photoesC.photosC5.How many are there in yo
10、ur hospital,David?The number of them is over one hundred.A.woman doctorB.woman doctorsC.women doctors答案C解析man,woman作定语时,要与后面的名词在数上保持一致。故选C。6.What a good youve given me!Thanks a lot.My pleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestion答案C解析由句中的不定冠词a可知,此处应选可数名词suggestion“建议”。而A项“信息”、B项“新闻,消息”均为不可数名词。故选C。考点二不可数名
11、词1.概述不可数名词:不能直接用数字计数的名词,通常没有复数形式,也不能用a或an修饰。常见的不可数名词见下表:类别例词液体类water,milk,juice,orange,coffee,tea,Coke,rain,wine肉类meat,fish,chicken,beef,pork,mutton语言类Chinese,Japanese,English,French,German材料类paper,glass,grass,bamboo,silk,cotton,wood,plastic,hair其他类snow,ice,weather,music,money,homework,housework,inf
12、ormation,rubbish2.不可数名词的量化表达(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some,much,a little,a lot of,lots of,plenty of等来表示。如:一些水some water;一点儿牛奶a little milk(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构表示。当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。如:一片面包a piece of bread;两杯水two glasses of water;三袋大米three bags of rice注意a lot of,lots of,some,plenty of等既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可
13、数名词。3.既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:chicken鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数)room房间(可数);空间(不可数)glass玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数)time次数(可数);时间(不可数)work作品(可数);工作(不可数)experience经历(可数);经验(不可数)fruit水果(不可数);各种水果(可数)food食物(不可数);各种食品(可数)paper纸(不可数);试卷、论文(可数)exercise锻炼(不可数);练习(可数)【针对训练】1.What would you like to eat?Some,please.A.br
14、eadB.carrotC.teasA2.Help yourselves to some,children.A.bananaB.chickenC.egg答案B解析some意为“一些”,既可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。A、C项都是可数名词单数;chicken表示“鸡肉”时,是不可数名词。故选B。3.Are you thirsty?Yes,please give us.A.three bottle waterB.three bottle of waterC.three bottles of water答案C解析water是不可数名词,表达一定数量要借助量词,表示“三瓶水”用three bott
15、les of water。故选C。4.The problems are difficult to solve.Please give me.A.many adviceB.some adviceC.some advices5.2020毕节改编Mom,I am thirsty,but I dont like tea.Could I have some?A.teaB.breadC.juiceBC6.Yesterday I had a piece of beef,vegetables and for dinner.A.some riceB.a few riceC.a little rices答案A解析
16、 rice为不可数名词,无复数形式;some可以修饰不可数名词。故选A。7.I know little about this product.Surf the Internet,and you will get much about it.A.informationB.messageC.suggestion答案A解析much修饰不可数名词,information“信息”,不可数名词;message“信息”,可数名词;suggestion“建议”,可数名词。故选A。8.Theres little left at home.Go and buy some,dear.A.carrots B.pota
17、toesC.meatC考点三名词所有格的构成1.名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种形式:s 所有格和of 所有格。2.名词所有格的构成规则如下:类别构成方法示例有生命的名词一般在词尾加“s”the boys bag 男孩的书包以-s,-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“”Teachers Day 教师节不以-s,-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“s”Womens Day妇女节（续表）类别构成方法示例有生命的名词如果两个名词并列,且分别有“s”,则表示“分别所有”;若只在后一个名词后有“s”,则表示“共有”Kates and Marys rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(两个房间)Kate and
18、 Marys room凯特和玛丽共有的房间(一个房间)双重所有格的两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词a friend of my sisters我姐姐的一个朋友a friend of mine我的一个朋友（续表）类别构成方法示例有生命的名词“s”可表示店铺或某人的家,其后的名词一般可省略at the doctors 在诊所at Li Leis 在李雷家somebody,everybody等不定代词与else连用时,“s”加在else后面somebody elses book 别人的书（续表）类别构成方法示例无生命的名词表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词,也可加“s”或
19、“”来构成所有格two days holiday 两天的假期用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格the title of the song 歌曲的名字【针对训练】1.Henry,have you seen the English book on the desk?If you see it,please take it to the office.OK.A.teachers;teachersB.teachers;teachersC.teachers;teachers答案B解析第一个空格表示“(讲台上)老师用的桌子”;第二个空格表示“(多个老师共用的)教师办公室”。故选B。2.Whose j
20、ackets are these?They are.They said they lost them yesterday.A.ourB.Li Lei and Li TaosC.Li Leis and Li Taos答案C解析由jackets可知是两人各自的夹克,表示两人分别有。故选C。3.The online shop sells shoes at a very low price.A.child and mensB.children and mensC.childrens and mens答案C解析child的复数为children,表示“儿童的”用childrens;man的复数形式为me
21、n,表示“男士的”用mens。故选C。4.2020龙东Look at the big and clean room.Its.A.Lucys and LilysB.Lucy and LilysC.Lucys and Lily答案B解析由句意及句中的it可知,Lucy和Lily住一间屋。两个人共同拥有一样东西,其所有格在后一个名词后加“s”;如果两个人分别拥有各自的东西,则两个名词都要加“s”。故选B。5.Cindy,how far is it from your home to school?About 20 walk.A.minutesB.minutesC.minutesC6.The man in a hat is teacher.A.Jack and JohnB.Jacks and JohnC.Jack and Johns答案C解析由题意可知这位男士是他们共同的老师,表示共有,直接在最后一个名词后加“s”。故选C。7.A classmate of was here ten minutes ago.A.youB.yoursC.your sisterB
