1、专题(八)动词和动词短语考点一行为动词行为动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两类,能独立作句子的谓语。1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语才能完整地表达意思。(正)Yesterday I bought a book.(误)Yesterday I bought.2.不及物动词后面不跟宾语,句子的意思也完整。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,则动词与宾语之间需加介词,构成动词短语。She cried yesterday.她昨天哭了。Please listen to the teacher carefully.请认真听老师讲课。3.延续性动词和非延续性动词。(1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,
2、可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”,“since+从句”,“since+表示时间点的名词”等。I have lived in Beijing for 13 years.我在北京已经住了13年了。I have been like this since Friday.从周五开始我就一直这样。(2)非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状语连用,也不能用于how long引导的问句中。(误)I have bought the bike for three years.(正)I have had the bike for three years.这辆自行车我
3、买了三年了。(3)常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。非延续性延续性非延续性延续性leavebe away fromborrowkeepbuyhavebegin/startbe ondiebe dead finishbe overbecomebe marrybe marriedput onweargo outbe outopenbe openjoinbe in/a member of 考点二系动词系动词有be,seem,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep,become,get,turn,grow等。系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起使用,构成“系表结构”,说明主
4、语的状态、性质、特征或身份。表示状态的系动词一般没有进行时态。类别例词例句表示状态的系动词beMy father is a teacher.我的父亲是一位老师。She is very kind.她非常善良。（续表）类别例词例句表示持续的系动词keep,remain,lie,stayMy grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy.我的爷爷奶奶每天早上锻炼来保持健康。感官系动词look,sound,feel,smell,tasteThe milk tastes a little sour.牛奶尝起来有点酸。The flower
5、s look very beautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。表示状态变化的系动词become,get,turn,go,growIn spring,trees begin to turn green.春天,树开始变绿了。In summer,food goes bad easily.夏天,食物容易变质。考点三助动词助动词主要有be,do,does,did,have,has,had,will,would,shall,should等。助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。We are working hard in the garden.我们正在花园里辛勤劳动。(be动词
6、帮助构成现在进行时)He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。(doesnt帮助构成否定句)Do you live in Shanghai?你住在上海吗?(do帮助构成一般疑问句)Have you finished the work?你完成工作了吗?(have帮助构成现在完成时)The house was painted purple.房子被刷成了紫色。(be动词帮助构成被动语态)I will call you this evening.今晚我会打电话给你。(will帮助构成一般将来时)考点四情态动词初中阶段学过的情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,n
7、eed,will/would,shall/should。情态动词有一定的含义,但不能单独使用,须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not,其疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。1.情态动词表示请求、允许和能力分类用法例句can 与be able to两者都表示能力,意为“能够”。be able to可用于任何时态,can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时can可用于请求允许和表示允许,意为“可以”could意为“可以”,表示更委婉客气地请求,回答用can,不能用couldThey will be able to tell you the news soo
8、n.他们很快就能告诉你消息了。Could I have the television on?我可以开着电视吗?(请求)Yes,you can./No,you cant.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。分类用法例句may与mightmay可用于请求允许和表示允许,比较正式,意为“可以”might可用于有礼貌地提出建议或请求,意为“可以”May I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?Yes,you may./No,you mustnt/cant.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。Might I borrow some money now?现在我可以借点钱吗?He might be alive.
9、他可能还活着。（续表）分类用法例句have to与must两者都表示“必须”。must表示说话人的主观意愿;have to表示客观需要must可以表示肯定推测,意为“一定,准是”,其否定形式为mustnt,意为“禁止;不准;不许”My brother was badly ill.I had to call the doctor.我弟弟病得很重。我不得不把医生请来。I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。The man must be our teacher.那个人一定是我们的老师。(推测)（续表）分类用法例句have to与must 对must构成的一般
10、疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,must.”,否定回答用“No,neednt.”或“No,dont/doesnt have to.”You mustnt drive after drinking.你酒后一定不要驾车。Must I go home now?我必须现在回家吗?No,you neednt/dont have to.不,你不必。（续表）分类用法例句shall与shouldshall常用于第一人称,表示提建议或请求;should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称,强调义务或责任,也可表示劝告或建议Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗?(提建议)You s
11、hould study hard at school.你们在学校应该努力学习。(劝告)（续表）分类用法例句will与wouldwill用于第二人称疑问句时,表示征求意见或提建议;would为will的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿Your parents will try their best to help you.你的父母会尽最大的努力来帮助你。Would you like to go shopping with me?你愿意和我去购物吗?（续表）分类用法例句needneed作情态动词时,表示“需要;有必要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为neednt,表示“没有必要;不必”;对
12、need构成的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,must.”,否定回答用“No,neednt.”need 还可以用作实义动词,常用于以下两种结构:need to do sth.需要做某事;need doing sth.某事需要被做She neednt go there right now.她现在没必要去那里。Need I come?我需要来吗?Yes,you must.是的,你必须来。I need to learn more.我需要学习更多。My hair needs cutting.我的头发该剪了。（续表）2.情态动词表推测can表推测,意为“可能”;多用于否定句和疑问句;cant
13、表示否定推测,意为“不可能,一定不”。There is someone outsidewho can it be?有人在外面可能是谁呢?That cant be Mr.Wang.He has gone to Beijing.不可能是王老师。他已经去北京了。could表推测,意为“可能”,比can的可能性要弱,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。The light is on.He could be at home.灯亮着,他可能在家。may表推测,意为“可能”,表示把握不大的推测。He may come by train,but Im not sure.他可能乘火车来,但我不确定。might表推测,
14、意为“可能”,表示的可能性很小。He might be alive.他可能还活着。must表推测,意为“一定,肯定”,多用于肯定句,表示把握性很大的推测。can和could(can的过去式)还可以表示请求或推测,意为“可以”、“可能”。The man must be our teacher.那个人一定是我们的老师。表示肯定推测的情态动词按语气由强到弱、可能性由大到小的排列顺序为:must,may,could,might。考点五动词短语1.动词+副词:常见的有take off,write down,hand in,fix up等。这类动词短语的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;
15、宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。Hand in your homework.把你的作业交上来。2.动词+介词:常见的有ask for,care about,look for,look after,laugh at,hear of,lead to,wait for等。Dont laugh at the people who are in trouble.不要嘲笑那些处于困境中的人。3.动词+名词:常见的有have fun,play sports,take place等。这类动词短语相当于不及物动词。This story took place three years ago.这个故
16、事发生在三年前。4.动词+副词+介词:常见的有look down upon,go on with,add up to,catch up with,do well in,run out of等。Study hard,and you will catch up with your classmates.努力学习,你就会赶上你的同学。5.动词+名词+介词:常见的有take care of,pay attention to等。She often takes care of her younger sister.她经常照顾她的妹妹。考点自测1.2019连云港Through the stories beh
17、ind the idioms,we would be able to fully Chinas culture,history and tradition.A.understandB.searchC.compareD.imagine2.2018连云港The total number of online literature website users had to 352 million by the end of June 2017.And the number is still growing.A.increasedB.influencedC.includedD.introducedAA考
18、点自测3.2017连云港The newly-opened company the local people with more chances to work.A.givesB.providesC.offersD.shows 4.2014连云港A Bite of China 2 includes eight episodes.It the stories of more than 150 people and over 300 types of food.A.findsB.provesC.coversD.imaginesBC考点自测5.2020连云港If we dont protect nat
19、ure,some wildlife die out in the future.A.needB.mayC.cantD.shouldnt6.2019连云港According to the notice,guests at this hotel use the sports center at no extra cost.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.needBA考点自测7.2018连云港How amazing this robot is!Wow,it has video cameras in its eyes,so it“see”and interact with people.A.
20、mayB.canC.mustD.should8.2017连云港Could I ride an electric bicycle to school,Mr Wang?No,you.Students under the age of 16 arent allowed to ride electric bicycles.A.couldntB.needntC.cantD.shouldntBC考点自测9.2014连云港 I know by what time you want the project to be done?By the day after tomorrow.you finish it o
21、n time?A.May;CanB.Must;Need C.Could;MustD.Need;Would10.2020连云港The Chinese language has become a bridge to China the rest of the world.A.connect;toB.translate;intoC.compare;withD.separate;fromAA考点自测11.2019连云港April 15 was a sad day for France.A large fire at the Cathedral of Notre-Dame.A.broke outB.ca
22、rried outC.gave outD.ran out12.2017连云港Have you heard of the big fire that broke out on Huaguo Mountain at the Qingming Festival?Yes.Luckily,hundreds of firemen went there and the fire immediately.A.put offB.put awayC.put downD.put outAD考点自测13.Harry,youd better from your mobile phone when someone is
23、talking to you.OK,Mum,Ill keep it in my mind.A.look upB.look aroundC.look downD.look out14.It them about one hour to get to the center of the city by underground.A.usedB.paidC.spentD.tookAD考点自测15.Its said that Uzbekistan was one of the first countries to President Xis Belt and Road Initiative.Yes,so
24、 it is.A.supposeB.supportC.suggestD.succeed16.Jack,could you help me when the plane will take off on the Internet?Sorry,my computer doesnt work.A.get outB.look outC.come outD.find outBD考点自测17.Are you going to take a part-time job during the summer holiday?Yes.I think I shouldnt always my parents.A.d
25、epend onB.listen toC.fight againstD.argue with18.Oh,it so nice.What beautiful music it is!A.smellsB.soundsC.tastesD.looksAB考点自测19.Where are you going this month?We go to Hangzhou,but were not sure.A.needntB.mustC.mightD.mustnt20.Many teenagers the old and they often offer their seats to them on buses.A.depend onB.care forC.laugh atD.listen toCB
