1、2022中考一轮复习英语课主讲人:颜老师第七课时动词时态与语态总复习 目 录 CONTENTS随堂练习语法专项讲解与练习中考考点分析01020301上节课内容复习同一介词/副词型短语cheer up (使)变得更高兴;(使)振奋起来clean up 清理cut up 切碎dress up 打扮eat up 吃光,吃完fix up 修理pick up 捡起(沈阳:2020.7,2019.22)put up 张贴;搭建set up 建立;设立show up 出现;露面stay up 熬夜take up 占用;开始从事 break down 出故障;出毛病 calm down 冷静下来 copy d
2、own 抄写;誊写cut down 砍伐;砍倒fall down 摔倒let.down 使失望lie down 躺下look down 俯视pull down 拆下;推毁put down 放下;写下blow away 吹走get away 逃离give away 赠送;捐赠;分发 pass away 去世put away 储存;放好sweep away 打扫;清除take away 带走;拿走throw away 扔掉stay away from 离开;不接近in短语check in 报到,登记 believe in 信任;信赖hand in 交上;提交;呈送 join in 参加;加入liv
3、e in 住在succeed in 在成功take in 吸收;吸纳(成员)take part in 参加 take pride in 对感到自豪on短语concentrate on 全神贯注于decide on 决定;选定depend on/upon 依靠feed on 以为食fix on 集中于hold on 等一等(别挂电话)keep on 继续(进行)live on 靠为生pass on 传递put on 穿上;上演try on 试穿;试验work on 从事;忙于动词辨析1.三个到达:get,reach,arrive2.三个参加:join,take part in,attend3.三
4、个穿:dress,put on,wear4.四个拿:bring,take,carry,fetch5.两个发生:take place,happen6.五个变:become,get,turn,go,grow情态动词1.肯定推测:2.否定推测3.Must一般疑问句的答语4.need一般疑问句的答语5.情态动词的意义和用法:can/could,may/might,must,have to,need,should,shall/should,will/would02中考考点分析与语法专项动词的时态时态过去将来一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来动词的时态一般现在时辽宁2020现在进行时沈阳2015过去进行时辽
5、宁2020一般过去时沈阳2020、2015一般将来时沈阳2017、2016现在完成时沈阳2019、2018用法:1.表现阶段经常性或习惯性动作或状态,表事实或客观真理。2.在时间和条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表将来。标志词:usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,once a year,every day/year等。用法:表此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。标志词:now,at the moment,at this time,look,listen,when/while 等。用法:表过去某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。标志词:the
6、n,at this time yesterday,while/when引导表示过去时间的状语从句。用法:表过去某时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态,或过去经常发生的动作。标志词:ago,yesterday,last,just now,in the past,one day,in+过去的时间等。用法:表将来发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词:tomorrow,soon,in the future,next week/month,in+一段时间等。用法:表从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或后果。标志词:already,yet,ever,just,recently,so far,for+
7、时间段/since+时间点等。考向一:一般现在时的用法考向一:一般现在时的用法表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。I often take a walk in the park.我经常在公园散步。These T-shirts are new.这些T恤衫是新的。表示客观事实、真理。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go bike riding in the open air.如果明天不下雨,我将在户
8、外骑自行车。Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。考向二:一般现在时的构成考向二:一般现在时的构成在一般情况下用动词原形,若主语为第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。情况构成方法例词一般情况直接加-sreadreads loveloves以s,o,x,ch,sh结尾加-espasspasses boxboxesteachtea
9、ches washwashes以辅音字母+y结尾将y变为i,再加-escarrycarries studystudies不规则变化havehas beam/is/are一、现在进行时的定义一、现在进行时的定义现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作,有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。The teacher is giving us an English lesson.老师正在给我们上英语课。The farmers are getting in their crops.农民们正在收割庄稼。We are making preparations for the conference.我们一直在为会议作
10、准备。二、现在进行时的构成二、现在进行时的构成现在进行时由be+现在分词(v-ing)构成。be应为助动词,一定不要漏掉!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致,即:I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are。1.现在分词变化规则如下:a.动词后直接+-ing(例:sleep+-ingsleeping)b.去掉不发音的e+-ing(例:bite-e+-ingbiting)c.重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+-ing(例:sitting,beginning,getting,putting,running,stopping,c
11、utting)d.特殊变化:diedying,lielying,tietying2.句式构成如下:肯定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其他。They are having an English class.他们在上英语课。否定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+其他。They arent having an English class.他们不在上英语课。一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其他?Are they having an English class?他们在上英语课吗?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在
12、分词+其他?What are you doing now?你现在在做什么?助动词变化口诀:变疑问,往前提,句后问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be后not 莫忘记。三、现在进行时的应用三、现在进行时的应用A表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.B.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。Im leaving for a
13、trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了)Were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。(2)以look,listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week,these day
14、s等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。四、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别四、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别(1)现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作,而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Im reading a story now.我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)I rea
15、d stories in my spare time.我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为)(2)现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作,而一般现在时只表动作的重复,而不表示动作的持续。What are you doing these days?这几天你在干什么?They are learning English in the summer holiday.他们暑假在学英语。They read English every day.他们每天读英语。They play volleyball every Sunday.他们每周星期天都打排球。(3)表示短促动作的动词(如 jump,knock,beat,pi
16、ck,skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。The girls are jumping over there.女孩子们在那边跳。His heart is beating fast.他的心脏跳得很快。(5)某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope,wonder,want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。Im wondering whether you can help us now.我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。Im hoping that you will succeed.我正在希望你成功呢。四类动词不用进行时四类动词不用进行时英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)1.表心理
17、状态、情感的动词,如love,hate,like,care,respect,please,prefer,know等,若用进行时则词义改变。2.表存在、状态的动词,如appear,exist,lie,remain,stand,seem等3.表感觉的动词,如see,hear,feel,smell,sound,taste等4.表一时性的动词,如accept,allow,admit,decide,end,refuse,permit,promise等。五、现在进行时的特殊用法五、现在进行时的特殊用法1.现在进行时表暂时现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状
18、况。Whats your daughter doing these days?你女儿现在在干什么?Shes studying English at Durham University.她在达勒姆大学学习英语。这种情况不一定在说话时发生:Dont take that ladder away.Your fathers using it.别把梯子拿走,你父亲在用呢。(即不一定现在在用。)Shes at her best when shes making big decisions.当做出最大决定时,她处于最佳状态。暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着:The river is flowing v
19、ery fast after last nights rain.昨夜下过雨后,河水流速很快。现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向:People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days.如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。2.现在进行时表将来意为:意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?过去进行的结构过去进行的结构肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词.I was doing
20、my lessons then.那时,我在做功课。We were cleaning the house.我们在打扫房子。否定句:主语+was/were not+现在分词.I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.疑问句:Was/Were not+主语+现在分词?Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were not+主语+现在分词?What were you doing when a UFO landed?过去进行时的标志词过去进行时的标志词
21、at 8oclock last night,this time yesterday等。I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。At that time she was writing a book.那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)过去进行时的用法详解过去进行时的用法详解(1)表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time,yesterday等。I was doing my homework when my mot
22、her came to home.(2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作,通常用While。I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university.(3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。They were expecting you yesterday,but you didnt turn up.过去进行的特殊用法过去进行的特殊用法1.表示临时性即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。It happened while I was living in Pari
23、s last year.2.表示计划即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。He said that his sister was getting married next December.用arrive,come,go,leave,take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常含有将来意义。He said he was leaving for home in a day or two.She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes.3.表示委婉语气动词hope,wo
24、nder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。I was hoping you would give me some advice.Good morning.I was wondering if you had two single rooms.一般过去时也有类似用法,相比之处,一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。4.表示重复过去进行时有时可以与always,constantly,continually,forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复的。The
25、y were always quarrelling.She was always thinking of others.She was forever complaining.注意:现在进行时也有类似用法,但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作,而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时与一般过去时的区别区别一:过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。He was writing his composition last night.他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)He wrote his composition last nig
26、ht.他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)区别二:表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,know,want,notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。区别三:一般过去时与 always,constantly,forever,continually 等连用,表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作;而过去进行时与 always,constantly,forever,continuall
27、y等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情色彩。He always got up at six.他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work.他总是一心想到工作。区别四:有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时,但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。I thought that he would agree with us.我原以为它会同意我们的。I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice.我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。1.一般过去时的定义
28、一般过去时的定义一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。What did you do yesterday?I went swimming.表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。When I was at middle school,I often went to
29、 school by bike.2.一般过去时的基本结构一般过去时的基本结构实义动词肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他.I went to the cinema yesterday.否定句:主语+didnt+动词原形+其他。I didnt go to the cinema yesterday.一般疑问句及其回答:Did+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.否定回答:No,主语+didnt/did not.Did you go to the cinema yesterday?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?Where
30、 did you go yesterday?I went to the cinema yesterday.be 动词肯定句:主语+was/were+其他.I was at home yesterday.否定句:主语+wasnt/werent+其他.I wasnt at home yesterday.一般疑问句及其回答:Were/Was+主语+其他?Were you at home yesterday?Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+were/was+主语+其他?Where were you yesterday?I was at home yesterday.
31、3.动词过去式的变化规则动词过去式的变化规则情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edwashwashed helphelped以不发音的字母e结尾加-dhopehoped likeliked以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i,再加-edcarrycarried studystudied结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-edstopstopped planplanned4.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday,last week,in 1989,just now,a moment ago,the other day等连用
32、。He was here just now.What did you do yesterday?(2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。We often played together when we were children.注意:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。He used to smoke a lot,but he doesnt now.Whenever we were in trouble,he would help us.(3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。At that time she was very good at English.(4)用在状语从
33、句中表示过去将来。He said he would wait until they came back.(5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。I wondered if you could help me.有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。I didnt know you were here.注意:(1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。He opened the door,rushed out and then disappeared.(2)注意在语境中理解我刚
34、才/原来还不。Your phone number again?I didnt quite catch it.Its 2566666.是2566666。5.一般过去时代替完成时一般过去时代替完成时(1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse,she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.(2)两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。When I heard the news,I was very excited
35、.(3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.一般将来时主要构成形式一般将来时主要构成形式一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,事情或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。1.will/shall+动词原形,shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称,will not=wont,shall not=shant。Which paragraph shall I read first?Will
36、you be at home at seven this evening?2.be going to+不定式,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划、安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c.有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.3.be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们
37、下星期六讨论这份报告。4.be about to+不定式,意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。注意:be about to do不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be to和和be going to的区别的区别be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
38、明天下午我想去踢球。(主观打算)5.现在进行时表将来时下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时:go,come,fly,leave,start,begin,finish,end,arrive等。she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.6.一般现在时表将来a.下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star?It stars in ten minut
39、es.b.以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.车来了。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.铃响了。c.在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.d.在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。I hope they have a nice tim
40、e next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.be going to和和will 的区别的区别 be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的:1.be going to主要用于:a.表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。What are you going to do today?Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.Im going to play
41、 the violin.Shes going to play the piano.她打算弹钢琴。b.表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。Look!There come the dark clouds.It is going to rain.I am afraid I am going to have a cold.2.will主要用于在以下几个方面:a.表示单纯的未来将要,通用各个人称。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.Ill come with Wang Bing,Liu Tao and Yang Ling.b.表示不以人的意志为
42、转移的自然发展的未来的事。Today is Saturday.Tomorrow will be Sunday.He will be thirty years old this time next year.c.问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。Will you please turn on the radio?Will you go to the zoo with me?一般将来时特殊用法:一般将来时特殊用法:1.be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to talk about the report next Saturday.2.be about to+不定
43、式,意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意:be about to不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。3.有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来,如:go,come,arrive,fly(飞往),reach(到达),stay,leave,start,die等。Im going to go to the zoo this weekend.=Im going to the zoo this weekend.Hes going to leave for Paris.=Hes leaving for Paris.The
44、old man is dying.=The old man will die.现在完成时基本结构:现在完成时基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)过去分词变化规则如下:过去分词变化规则如下:1.规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点:(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加-ed。w
45、orkworkedworkedvisitvisitedvisited(2)以 e 结尾的动词,只在词尾加-d。livelivedlived(3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,将 y 变为 i,再加-ed。studystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。stopstoppedstoppeddropdroppeddropped2.不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cutcutcutithithit现在完成时用法现在完成时用法1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动
46、作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo.我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响照片不在这里。2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)注意:for和since的用法。for+时间段 译为:时间since
47、+过去一个时间点(译为:自从以来)since+时间段+agosince+从句(过去时)It is+时间段+since+从句(过去时)注意:非延续性动词(瞬间动词)(buy,die,join,lose.)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时,要改变成延续性动词。变化如下:come/arrive/reach/get tobe in joinbe in/be a member of go outbe out become befinishbe over open/closebe open/closed diebe dead worrybe worried put onbe on/wear com
48、e backbe back fall illbe ill catch a coldhave a coldbuyhave borrow/lend keep现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1.与表示一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段,since+时间点。如:We have lived in this city for more than 40 years.We have lived in this city since 1958.从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,
49、谓语动词常为stay,live,teach,learn,work,sleep,read,wait,keep等具有延续意义的动词。2.与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用,如already,never,ever,just等。如:Ive just found this library book.How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.3.与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately,recently,in the past few years,these few years,these days,up to n
50、ow,so far等。如:How have you been recently?The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.Have you seen her parents these days?The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.注意:现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week,in 2002,three days ago等现在完成时与一般过去时区别现在完成时与一般过去时区别1.侧重点不同现在