1、专题十 动词的时态（必考：26道）中考解读：中考解读：分析河北近10年中考真题可知，动词的时态是每年单项选择考查的重点，主要涉及六种基本时态（除过去完成时外）的结构和表示的意义。解题技巧：解题技巧：考生备考时应注意熟练掌握六种基本时态所表示的意义，以及其结构和相关时间状语。解答此类试题时，可根据具体语境、标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断技巧来解题。考点透析考点透析1.1.中考常考六种时态的构成与用法中考常考六种时态的构成与用法 一般现在时一般现在时（10年4考）（1）结构：主语+am/is/are 主语+动词原形/动词单三形式（2）用法：表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。常见的时间标
2、志词/状语有：always,usually,often,never等频度副词，every day/week/month/year等。如：I play football after school every afternoon.我每天下午放学后踢足球。表示普遍真理、客观存在、科学事实及格言警句。如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。主将从现。在时间、条件等状语从句中，主句如果是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。如：If you leave tomorrow,Ill see you off at the airport.如
3、果你明天离开，我会到机场送你。一般过去时一般过去时（10年7考）（1）结构：主语+was/were 主语+动词过去式（2）用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间标志词/状语有：yesterday，ago，last night/week/month,just now,in the past,in+过去年份，long long ago,once upon a time等。如：Mr.Smith came to see you just now.史密斯先生刚才来找过你。表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。常与always,usually,often,sometimes,never等频度副词
4、连用。如：When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.我在乡下时，经常在河里游泳。在since引导的时间状语从句中,从句用一般过去时。如：My uncle has worked in the company since he came to Zhengzhou.我叔叔自从到郑州以来一直在这家公司工作。一般将来时一般将来时（10年5考）（1）结构：主语+will/shall+动词原形（表示对未来的事实或将来的预测）主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形（表示打算、计划、愿意做某事，也可用来表示自然现象）主语+am/
5、is/are+动词现在分词（常用于这种结构的动词有come，go，leave，arrive，start，begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情）（2）用法：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间标志词/状语有：tonight，tomorrow,soon，next week/month，in the future,in a week,in+将来年份,in+一段时间。如：We will know the result tomorrow.明天我们就会知道结果。Im going to listen to a lecture.我将去听一个讲座。表示某种必然的趋势。如：Fish wi
6、ll die without water.鱼没有水会死。“be to+动词原形”结构可以表示按计划将要发生的动作。如：Jack and Rose are to get married in May.杰克和罗丝将在五月结婚。祈使句+and/or+含有将来时的句子。如：Hurry up,or we will miss the bus.快点儿，否则我们会错过公交车。时间、条件等状语从句中主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。如：The old woman will be happy if her son goes home.如果老人的儿子能回家，她会感到开心。现在进行时现在进行时（10年7考）（
7、1）结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词（2）用法：表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作或状态。常见的时间标志词/状语有：now,at the moment,these days,right now等，也常与“Look！”、“Listen！”等连用。如：The students are listening to the teacher.学生们正在听老师讲。表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如：Im reading a history book this month.我这个月正在读一本历史书。表示将要发生的动作。表示位置移动的动词，如go,come,leave,fly
8、,start,meet,move，arrive等，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生或马上就要发生的动作。如：Laura is flying to Hong Kong tomorrow.劳拉明天将乘飞机去香港。Keep calm,please.Im arriving.请保持镇静，我马上就到了。过去进行时过去进行时（10年6考）（1）结构:主语+was/were+动词现在分词（2）用法：表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常见的时间标志词/状语有：at that time,at this time yesterday,at 1:00 last night,at that moment,th
9、en等。如：What were you doing at nine last night?昨晚九点你在做什么？I was watching TV at that time.那时候我正在看电视。表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如：What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday?昨天七点到九点你在干什么？在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句中,过去进行时的运用：A.在when引导的时间状语从句中,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。如:When he called me,I was having d
10、inner.当他给我打电话时,我正在吃晚饭。B.在while引导的时间状语从句中,主句与从句均用过去进行时，表示动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,while意为“当的时候,同时”。如：I was doing my homework while my sister was watching TV.当我的妹妹在看电视时,我在做作业。过去进行时常和always 等时间副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如：Alice was always changing her mind.爱丽丝经常改变主意。（表示厌烦）现在完成时现在完成时（10年9考）（1）结构：主语+has/
11、have+动词过去分词（2）用法：表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常见的时间标志词/状语有：already,yet,before,just,ever,never,so far,recently,in the past/last five years,since,for+时间段等。如：Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗？Yes,I have.Ive just had it.是的，吃过了。我刚吃完。表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,也许马上停止，也许还要持续下去,常和for,since连用。注意：注意：动词必须是延续性的,如果动
12、词是短暂性的,要转换为相应的延续性动词。如下表：非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词borrowkeepdiebe deadbuyhavemarrybe marriedcomebe hereput onweargobe therelosenot havebegin/startbe onjoinbe infinishbe overarrive/reachbeopenbe opencatch a coldhave a coldclosebe closedwake upbe awakeleavebe awayfall asleepbe asleep如：Ive left this school
13、 for eight years.(误)Ive been away from this school for eight years.（正）He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.(误)He has kept my dictionary for two days.（正）非延续性动词在否定结构中可以用现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。如：I havent bought anything for two months.我已经两个月没有买任何东西了。注注 意意辨析辨析have gone to，have been to与与have been in：短语含义及
14、用法have gone to “去了某地”，强调去了，还未回来。have been to“去过某地”，强调去过，已经回来，常与表示次数的词连用。have been in“在待”，强调一直待在某地，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：Mary has gone to Hong Kong.玛丽去香港了。（现在还没回来）Mary has been to Hong Kong twice.玛丽去过香港两次。（现在已经回来）Mary has been in Hong Kong for two years.玛丽已经在香港待了两年了。2.易混时态辨析易混时态辨析（1）一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析：）一般过
15、去时和现在完成时的易混辨析：两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响，主要说明现在的情况。如：Tom rang up three times this morning.汤姆今天早晨打了三次电话。（现在是下午或晚上）Tom has rung up three times this morning.汤姆今天早晨打了三次电话了。（现在还是早晨）（2）一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析）一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析:一般过去时表示过去发生过的动作,强调动作结束了,侧重于事实；过去进行时表示动作在过去某个时刻或某段时间内
16、正在进行,强调动作的持续性和未完成性。如：I wrote a letter to a friend last night.昨天晚上我给一个朋友写了一封信。(信写完了,强调事实)I was writing a letter to a friend last night.昨天晚上，我在给一个朋友写一封信。(信不一定写完，强调动作)3.动词时态的五大解题技巧动词时态的五大解题技巧（1）根据标志词确定时态。）根据标志词确定时态。如果题干中有时间标志词,考生可根据标志词判定使用哪种时态。如由now可知用现在进行时，由so far可知用现在完成时等等。常见各时态的时间标志词详见前面各时态的具体讲解。例例:
17、Look!A beautiful girl C an old lady cross the street.A.helps B.helpedC.is helping D.was helping【方法点拨方法点拨】第步：分析语境：看！一个漂亮的女孩 一位老妇人过马路。第步：根据“Look!”可知，此动作正在发生，应用现在进行时。易错点：个别时间状语可用于不同的时态中,如：always,usually,often,sometimes,never等频度副词可用于一般现在时和一般过去时，考生需结合语境确定正确的时态。如：The girl is never late for school.这个女孩上学从不
18、迟到。When my mother was young，she was never late for school.在我妈妈小的时候，她上学从不迟到。（2）根据题干语境，结合实际确定时态。根据题干语境，结合实际确定时态。针对未给出标志词或时态提示词的试题，考生应理解题干语境，结合实际情况判断使用哪种时态。例例:Can John play soccer with us,Mrs.Black?One moment,please.He D on the phone to his cousin.A.talks B.talkedC.talking D.is talking【方法点拨方法点拨】第步：分析语境
19、：“约翰能和我们一起踢足球吗，布莱克夫人？”“请等一下，他在给他表弟打电话。”第步：根据上下文语境可推知对话时约翰正在打电话，应用现在进行时。（3）根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态。）根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态。例：例：Do you know where Jenny is?I want to use her mobile phone.You can find her on the playground.She B table tennis there.A.plays B.is playingC.was playing D.played【方法点拨方法点拨】第步：分析答语可知,第一句用一般现
20、在时，第二句也应用现在的某种时态。第步：根据句意“你可以在操场上找到她。她在那里打乒乓球。”可知说话时动作正在发生,应用现在进行时。（4）复合句中，根据主从句时态呼应的原则确定时态。）复合句中，根据主从句时态呼应的原则确定时态。“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由 when,after,before,notuntil.,as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句或由if,unless 引导的条件状语从句时，谓语动词应用一般现在时表将来。例：例：My grandfather will go for a walk if he A nothing special to do after
21、supper.A.has B.hadC.will have D.has had【方法点拨方法点拨】第步：分析语境：如果我爷爷晚饭后没有什么特别的事情要做，他会去散步。第步：分析句子结构：找出题干中的关键词“if”，if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。另外，在“Its+一段时间+since+从句”句式中，since 后面的从句一般用一般过去时。例例:My sister C in this school since she graduated from Beijing No
22、rmal University.A.works B.will workC.has worked D.is working【方法点拨【方法点拨】第步：分析语境：自我姐姐/妹妹从北京师范大学毕业以来，她就在这所学校工作。第步：找出题干中的关键词“since”。since引导的时间状语从句，主句应用现在完成时。（5）根据固定句式中时态的使用规则确定时态。根据固定句式中时态的使用规则确定时态。如果题干是某种固定句式,可根据规则选用所需时态。固定句式中常见的时态使用规则如下：在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句常用一般将来时。例例:Just go down this road，and you
23、 C the library next to the bank.A.see B.saw C.will see D.have seen【方法点拨方法点拨】第步：分析语境：就沿着这条路走，然后你就可以看到银行隔壁的图书馆。第步：分析题干结构可知这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，陈述句用一般将来时。在“It/This is the+序数词+time that”句型中，that引导的从句用现在完成时；若主句中的is改为was，that引导的从句用过去完成时。例：例：It is the first time that I D delicious lunch for my parents.A.cooks
24、 B.cookedC.am cooking D.have cooked【方法点拨方法点拨】第步：分析语境：这是我第一次为我的父母做美味的午餐。第步：分析题干结构可知这是“It is the+序数词+time that”句型，主句用一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。1.（2020河北33题）It dark.Shall I turn on the light?A.getsB.got C.is gettingD.was getting2.（2020河北39题）Im so glad that I nearly half of the test now.A.finishB.finished C.will f
25、inishD.have finishedCD考点测验考点测验3.（2019河北30题）It .Please take an umbrella with you,Annie.A.rains B.is raining C.rained D.was raining4.（2019河北33题）He me his name,but I cant remember it now.A.tells B.will tell C.told D.is tellingBC5.（2019河北34题）Sorry,I didnt see you,because I a picture.A.draw B.drew C.was
26、drawing D.have drawn6.（2018河北30题）Gary is the best singer in my class.No one else so well.A.sings B.sang C.will sing D.is singingC A 7.（2018河北31题）The bread is really delicious.Thank you.I it myself.A.make B.made C.will make D.am making8.（2018河北33题）I an invitation to the concert.I cant wait to go.A.re
27、ceiveB.will receive C.was receiving D.have receivedBD9.（2017河北31题）Dont take the dictionary away.I it.A.use B.used C.am using D.have used10.（2017河北33题）Wow!You dinner!Lets eat now.A.cook B.are cooking C.will cook D.have cooked11.（2016河北32题）Oh no!I my book in the lab.A.leave B.left C.will leave D.was l
28、eavingCDB12.（2016河北33题）Grandpa glasses when he reads.A.wears B.wore C.has worn D.was wearing13.（2016河北35题）Just go down this road and you the library next to the bank.A.see B.saw C.have seen D.will seeAD14.（2016河北36题）Our team another point!I am sure well win the game.A.will getB.has got C.is getting
29、D.was getting15.（2015河北31题）I the shops.Can I get you anything?A.go toB.went to C.have gone to D.am going toBD16.（2015河北32题）Paula is pleased that she her lost watch.A.finds B.found C.has found D.will find17.（2015河北34题）Were proud that China stronger and stronger these years.A.will becomeB.became C.is
30、becomingD.was becomingCC18.（2015河北36题）Grace this game every time we play.A.wins B.won C.will win D.has won19.（2015河北37题）I saw Jeff in the park.He on the grass and reading a book.A.sits B.sat C.is sitting D.was sittingAD20.（2014河北37题）Someone at the door.Can you open it?A.knocksB.knocked C.is knocking
31、 D.was knocking21.（2014河北39题）Im busy now.I to you after school this afternoon.A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.have talkedCC22.（2014河北40题）The teacher is already standing here.Do you know when she?A.comes B.came C.is coming D.was coming23.（2013河北35题）Henry will give us a report as soon as he .A.arrives B
32、.arrived C.is arriving D.will arriveBA24.（2013河北36题）You .Dont talk on the phone.A.will drive B.are driving C.were driving D.have driven25.（2013河北43题）Dont return the video to Peter,I it.A.dont watch B.wont watch C.havent watched D.wasnt watchingBC26.（2013河北45题）The twins didnt go to the theatre,they t
33、he light music all night.A.have enjoyed B.will enjoy C.are enjoying D.were enjoying27.（2012河北38题）The clothing store a sale.The clothes there are very cheap.A.has B.had C.is having D.was havingDC28.（2012河北40题）Miss Zhang,the most beautiful teacher,many flowers and letters these days.A.received B.will
34、receive C.was receiving D.has received29.John and I to visit his grandparents last Sunday afternoon.A.go B.went C.will go D.have goneDB30.Zhang Wenhong as a doctor in Huashan Hospital since he graduated from college.A.worksB.worked C.has workedD.is working31.With the development of science and techn
35、ology,robot cooks in every family in the future.A.appear B.appeared C.will appear D.is appearingCC32.New media,like WeChat,the way of communication nowadays.A.are changingB.will change C.changedD.were changing33.Anna is a teacher of great knowledge.She reading as well as writing.A.has loved B.loves
36、C.lovedD.will loveAB34.Look!The little girl to the music.How beautiful!A.dancesB.will dance C.is dancingD.danced35.Neither Jim nor Tom Australia before,but they know the country very well.A.has gone toB.has been to C.have gone toD.have been toCB36.My grandparents for over 60 years and they love each
37、 other very much.A.have been marriedB.got married C.were marriedD.have got married37.I at home yesterday afternoon because of the heavy rain.A.stayB.stayed C.will stayD.have stayedAB38.When my mother got home yesterday,I dinner in the kitchen.A.cookB.cooked C.is cookingD.was cooking39.Make a little
38、effort every day,and you a big difference.A.makesB.made C.have madeD.will makeDD40.The volunteers a lot of help to the community a couple of weeks ago.A.offeredB.will offer C.are offeringD.had offered41.If you want to visit the Palace Museum,I tickets for you tomorrow.A.will bookB.booked C.have bookedD.was bookingAA42.Peter cant go on the school trip with us.He his leg by accident.A.breaksB.broke C.is breakingD.was breaking43.I playing this piece of music many times.I can play it better now.A.have practisedB.practised C.will practiseD.am practisingBA
