1、专题十 动词的时态和语态1.一般现在时（1）概念：一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或永恒的真理。（2）构成考考 点点 1 中考常考的六种时态（3）用法表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。例句 I often get up late on weekends.在周末我经常起床很晚。描述现在的情况、状态等。例句 Tom is ill.汤姆生病了。表示普遍真理或客观事实。例句 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例句 Ill go shoppi
2、ng with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果我妈妈明天有空的话，我将和她一起去购物。表示将来确定会发生的动作，如已安排或计划好的动作。例句 The next train leaves at 9:15.下趟火车九点一刻开。（4）常用的时间状语表示频率的副词或短语：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，hardly，never，once a week，twice a month等。表示时间的副词或短语：now，today，in the morning，at night，on weekends，every day/we
3、ek/month/year等。【歌诀助记】用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。谓语若为实义动，形式要由主语定：主语人称是单三，动词要把-s/-es 添。（）1.Our teacher often _ games with us after class.A.was playing B.played C.is playing D.plays（）2.Bill likes reading.He _ picture books with his dad every evening.A.read B.reads C.is reading D.ha
4、s read3.我们都知道地球围绕着太阳转。我们都知道地球围绕着太阳转。As we all know,the Earth _ the sun.DBgoes around2.一般过去时（1）概念：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。（2）构成（3）用法表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，和现在没有联系。例句 He lived in America three years ago.三年前他住在美国。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例句 When I was young,I always got up late.小的时候，我总是起床晚。在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。例句 He
5、said he wouldnt leave until we came back.他说直到我们回来他才会离开。用于since从句。主句如用现在完成时，其后接的since引导的从句用一般过去时。例句 We have lived here since we moved to this city.自从我们搬到这座城市我们就住在这里。（4）时间状语ago词组：five hours ago，two weeks ago，four years ago等。yesterday及其词组：yesterday，yesterday morning/afternoon/evening，the day before yes
6、terday。last词组：last night/week/month/year/Wednesday等。其他词组：just now，in the past，in 1989，in the 1800s，at age of，one day，once upon a time等。（）4.He _ a member of the school basketball team two years ago.A.became B.becomes C.will become D.has become（）5.David is a tennis player.He _ to play tennis when he w
7、as six years old.A.begins B.will begin C.began D.has begun（）6.They dont live here any longer.They _ to Chengdu last month.A.move B.moved C.have moved D.were movingACB3.一般将来时（1 1）概念：）概念：一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。（2 2）构成）构成【特别提示】“will动词原形”和“shall动词原形”的区别a.一般情况下，一般将来时使用“will动词原形”结构。例句 Lucy will go to visit
8、her uncle tomorrow.明天露西将要去看望她的叔叔。b.当主语是第一人称I/we时，助动词也可用shall。例句 We will/shall go to see you next Sunday.下个星期天我们将去看你。will 与be going to 的区别a.be going to表示计划、打算、决定要做的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。例句 He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.他长大后打算当一名医生。例句 Look at the black clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云，天要下雨了。b.
9、will强调的是客观情况，具有随意性。例句 He will be back in two days.他将在两天后回来。例句 They will arrive here tomorrow morning.明天早晨他们将抵达这里。（3）用法表示将要存在的状态。例句 This time next week I will/shall be in Scotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。表示将要发生的动作。例句 They will go and visit her next Friday.他们下个星期五要去拜访她。表示某种必然的趋势。例句 Fish will die without water.没
10、有水，鱼就会死。（4）时间状语tomorrow及其词组：tomorrow，tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening，the day after tomorrow等。next词组：next week/month/year等。in+一段时间：in three days，in a week，in two years等。其他词语：soon，one day，in the(near)future等。（）7.Micheal _ in a school from February to June next year.A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D
11、.was teaching（）8.You have to learn to look after yourself because you _ your parents one day.A.left B.are leaving C.have left D.will leave9.这名歌手下个月将来我们学校演出。这名歌手下个月将来我们学校演出。The singer _ to our school for a performance next month.10.没有水，鱼就会死。没有水，鱼就会死。Fish _ without water.CDwill come/is going to comewi
12、ll die4.现在进行时（1）概念：现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。（2）构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词例句 Listen!She is singing in the next room.听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。We are planting trees these days.这些天我们一直在植树。（3）用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。例句 The students are speaking English loudly now.学生们现在正在大声说英语。表示现阶段正在进行的动作。例句 They are preparing for the Christmas
13、 party these days.这些天他们正在为圣诞聚会做准备。现在进行时有时可表示即将发生的动作，只限于go,come,leave,start,begin等瞬间动词，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例句 They are coming back in a few days.几天以后他们就会回来。例句 My father are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天我爸爸要动身去北京。与always，usually等词连用，表示说话者的赞扬、厌恶或不满等情绪。例句 He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。（4）时间状语现在或此刻类词语：
14、now，right now，at present，at this time，at the/this moment等。these词组：these days/weeks/months/years，these two days/months/years等。频率类副词或短语：always，usually，forever，all the time等。特别提示不宜使用进行时态的动词（）11.Please dont make so much noise.The baby _ now.A.sleeps B.slept C.will sleep D.is sleeping（）12.Tom is not here
15、.He _ in the health club.A.is exercising B.was exercising C.exercises D.exercised13.学生们正在为期末考试做准备。学生们正在为期末考试做准备。The students _ the final exam.DAare preparing for【特别提示】不宜使用进行时态的动词表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love,like,hate,care,know,understand,forget,remember,believe,want,agree,wish,mean等。表示存在的动词，如be，lie(位于)等。表示一瞬间
16、就发生的动作，如get，buy，end，receive 等。例句 I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语。(表示情感)Mexico lies to the south of Texas.墨西哥位于得克萨斯州的南边。(表示存在)5.过去进行时（1）概念：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。（2）构成：was/were+动词的现在分词例句 Bill was playing basketball when I saw him.当我看见比尔的时候,他正在打篮球。They were building a large house last week.上周他们一直在
17、建造一所大房子。（3）用法表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。例句 I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天上午九点我在给花浇水。表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。例句 What were you doing from 8:00 to 9:00 last night?昨晚八点到九点你在干什么?when/while引导的时间状语从句中，表示过去某时正在发生的动作，或两个过去的动作同时进行。例句 While we were talking,the boy came in.当我们正在交谈的时候，这个男孩进来了。They are watc
18、hing TV when I entered the room.当我进入房间的时候，他们 正在看电视。I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.我正在看电视，而我的妈妈正在做饭。【特别提示】when或while引导的时间状语从句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。（4）时间状语过去片刻类词语：at ten last night，at this moment yesterday，at nine yesterday等。过去时段类词语：then，at that time，between 10:00 and 1
19、3:00 yesterday等。when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句。（）14.Why were you in such a hurry just now?Oh,my mom _ for me at the school gate.A.waited B.will wait C.was waiting D.has waited（）15.The robot _ my mother sweep the floor when I got home.A.helps B.is helping C.has helped D.was helpingCD6.现在完成时（1）概念：现在完成时表示过去发
20、生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。（2）构成：助动词have/has动词的过去分词例句 We have already cleaned their classroom.我们已经打扫了他们的教室。例句 She has seen the movie twice.她把那部电影看了两遍。（3）用法表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。例句 He has already finished the work.他已经完成了那项工作。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。例句 We have lived here
21、since 1998.自从1998年我们就已住在这里。【特别提示】since引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态a.since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。例句 Great changes have taken place in Beijing since 1985.自1985 年以来北京发生了很大的变化。b.句型“It has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时的从句.”也可以说成“It is+一段时间+since+一般过去时的从句.”。例句 It has been six years since we last saw each other.=It is six years
22、since we last例句 saw each other.我们六年没见面了。短暂性动词和延续性动词与现在完成时a.短暂性动词和延续性动词都可以用于现在完成时，但是短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如果要与其连用必须换成延续性动词。b.在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。I havent borrowed a book for a long time.我好长时间没有借过一本书了。【拓展】have been to，have gone to和have been in的区别（4）时间状语“最近”类词语：recently，lately，so far，up to/till now
23、。since类：since+时间点/从句，如since 2015，since two years ago，since he graduated等。“过去”类词语：in the past/last weeks/months/years，over the past/last weeks/months/years等。for+一段时间：for(five)days/weeks/months/years等。次数类词语：once，twice，three/four/five/times。其他时间或频度副词：already，ever，never，just，yet，still等。（）16.Sarah _ many
24、 places of interest in Beijing already.A.visited B.has visited C.will visit D.visits（）17.I _ this book for a week.So I have to return it now.A.keep B.have borrowed C.have kept D.borrowed BC考考 点点 2 常考时态易错易混辨析1.一般现在时和现在进行时2.一般过去时和现在完成时3.一般过去时和过去进行时（）1.Even several centuries_,the ideas of Confucius sti
25、ll have their special meanings.A.passed B.passes C.have passed D.are passing（）2.Have you watched the movie The Lion King？Yes.I _ it last night with my younger brother.A.have watched B.watched C.will watch D.was watching（）3.Cindy likes stamps.She _ hundreds of stamps from different countries since sh
26、e graduated.A.collects B.will collect C.has collected D.collectedCBC点击进入“总结提升练考点”点击进入“冲刺满分练真题”点击进入“考情分析”第二节 动词的语态考考 点点 1 动词的被动语态1.语态的分类 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。（1）主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例句 Many people speak English.很多人说英语。（2）被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。例句 Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。2.常考时态的被动语态的构成被动语态
27、的总结构：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。具体到常考时态，其被动语态的结构如下表：3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示：【歌诀助记】宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。（2）变换步骤：将主动句的宾语变为主语。如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。例句 Tom killed him.He was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。将动词改为“be过去分词”。be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。例句 They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。将主动语态的主语改为“by+宾语”，放在
28、谓语动词后。如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。例句 He sang a song.A song was sung by him.他唱了一首歌。4.常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构（1）含有双宾语（即直接宾语和间接宾语）的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。若要把直接宾语变为主语，则间接宾语前要加介词to(在send，pass，write，give，show，bring等动词之后)或for(在buy，cook，make，order，choose等动词之后)。例句 My teacher gave me some advice.I was given some advice by my t
29、eacher.Some advice was given to me by my teacher.老师给了我一些建议。【歌诀助记】如遇双宾语，一般变间宾；若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。（2）主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear,see,watch,notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。如hear(see)sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen)to do sth.例句 We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to pla
30、y the piano in the music classroom.我们听见那个女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。（3）主动语态中有些使役动词（如make，let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。如make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.例句 The teacher makes the students do much homework every day.The students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让学生每天做很多家庭作业。【
31、歌诀助记】感使动词好奇怪，to来to去记心怀。主动句里to拿走，被动句中to回来。考考 点点 2 使用被动语态的常见情况1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例句 This car was made in China.这辆汽车是中国制造的。The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。例句 Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。例句 The room hasnt been cleaned
32、 yet.房间还没有打扫。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。4.动作的发出者不是人。例句 Many houses were washed away in the flood.在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。The window was blown open by wind.窗户被风吹开了。5.说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观、公正，常使用一些固定句型。例句 It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that 人们相信 It is
33、(well)known that 众所周知 6.不能使用被动结构的情况（1）连系动词，如look,feel,smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。例句 The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。（2）有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如need doing（需要做某事）,be worth doing（值得做某事）等。例句 Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了。需要马上清理一下。（3）表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。例句 The story ha
34、ppened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。（）1.Too much time _ on computer games by most teenagers every day.A.spends B.will be spent C.was spending D.is spent（）2.With the development of China,Chinese _ by a large number of people in the world.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken D.is speaking（）3.Emily is glad that she_ for her honesty at that meeting.A.praises B.is praising C.was praised D.will be praised（）4.In order to make Xian more beautiful,more trees and flowers _ every year.A.mustnt be planted B.should plant C.should be planted D.mustnt plant DBCC
